[Fig. 187]. Overshot water-wheel.
[Fig. 188]. Undershot water-wheel.
[Fig. 189]. Breast-wheel. This holds intermediate place between overshot and undershot wheels; has float-boards like the former, but the cavities between are converted into buckets by moving in a channel adapted to circumference and width, into which water enters nearly at the level of axle.
[Fig. 190]. Horizontal overshot water-wheel.
Figs. 187, 188, 189, 190. Water-wheels
[Fig. 191]. A plan view of the Fourneyron turbine water-wheel. In the centre are a number of fixed curved chutes, or guides, A, which direct the water against the buckets of the outer wheel B, which revolves, and the water discharges at the circumference.
[Fig. 192]. Warren's central discharge turbine, plan view. The guides A are outside, and the wheel B revolves within them, discharging the water at the centre.
[Fig. 193]. Volate wheel, having radial vanes A, against which the water impinges and carries the wheel around. The scroll or volute casing B confines the water in such a manner that it acts against the vanes all around the wheel. By the addition of the inclined buckets c, c, at the bottom, the water is made to act with additional force as it escapes through the openings of said buckets.