Technique of Eye Dissections - Frederic A. Woll

Fig. 63—Cutting away the choroid.

After part of the choroid has been removed, the specimen will show the three coats of the eye in layer-like arrangement, the hyaloid and lens. The lens may now be cut away, if the specimen is preferred without it. Removing the lens before this time is unwise, because it acts as a protection to the other tissues while the specimen is being handled during the dissection.

This specimen will show to the best advantage if it is suspended in a jar containing a 5 per cent. solution of formaldehyde. Figure 64 shows the specimen.

Fig. 64—A. Optic nerve. B. Sclerotic. C. Choroid. D. Retina. E. Hyaloid. F. Lens.

INDEX

A
Accessories, ocular, [95]
Alcohol as a preservative, [34]
Alcohols, method of running through, [58], [59]
Anterior chamber, [50], [51], [86], [90]
half of eye, [49]
half, removing vitreous from, [49]
surface of lens, [55]
Aperture, increasing pupillary, [106], [107], [109]
Aqueous humor, [51]
Arteria centralis retinæ, [43], [49]
Arteries, ciliary, [72]
course of retinal, [111]
Artery of retina, central, [43], [49]
hyaloid, [43]
B
Beef eyes, [26], [27]
Beginning of dissection of orbital contents, [97]
Benzine, [59]
Blood-vessels of retina, [106]
Blowing through blowpipe, folding retina by, [81], [82]
Blowpipe, folding retina by blowing through, [81], [82]
glass, [35]
using it to force out vitreous, [78]-[81]
Body, hyaloid, [41]
Boiling crystalline lens, [55], [56]
Books, text, [23], [25], [46], [52]
C
Canal, hyaloid, [43]
of Petit, [35]-[37]
Canaliculi, puncta, papilla, and nasal duct, locating, [92]-[95]
Capsule of lens, [33], [50], [54]
of lens, removing, [59]
Capsule of Tenon, [115]
of Tenon and conjunctiva, [116]
Cedar oil, [60]
Cells of processes, pigment, [49], [50]
Central artery of retina, [43], [49]
Chamber, anterior, [50], [51], [86], [90]
posterior, [50], [51], [86], [90]
Chemicals, [22], [23]
Chisel and hammer, use of, [99]-[101]
Choroid, [62]
and sclerotic, cutting them away for isolating retina, [83]
emptying, [69], [70]
for dissecting three tunics, removing, [122]
from sclerotic, for dissection of three tunics and hyaloid, loosening, [120]
iridescence of, [45]
loosening from corneo-scleral junction, [64], [65]
loosening sclerotic from, [64], [66], [67], [68]
or retina, removing cornea for isolating, [62], [63], [64]
picking up retina and, [30], [31]
preparing eye for isolating, [62]
preserving isolated, [72]
removing, [46]
removing lens from, [69], [70], [71]
scraping sclerotic from, [68]
separating sclerotic from, [27], [29]
Cilia and other superficial accessories, [95]
Ciliaris, corona, [49], [51]
orbicularis, [49], [51]
retinæ, pars, [49]
Ciliary arteries, [72]
nerves, [72]
processes, [27], [33], [49]
processes free from processus zonuloe, scraping, [121]
ring, [51]
ring, cutting ciliary, [121]
Ciliary, clarifying lens, [58], [59]
Coats, preparing eye for dissection to show, in situ, the three, [120]
Cocaine, [109]
Color of processes, [50]
Concentric layers of lens, [56], [57]
Conjunctiva and Capsule of Tenon, [116]
Conjunctival fornices, [113]
Cornea, epithelium of, [52]
removing it for isolating choroid or retina, [62], [63], [64]
Construction of lacrimal gland, racemose, [114]
Contents, beginning of dissection of orbital, [97]-[101]
dissecting orbital, [97]-[105]
emptying eyeball of, [32], [33]
enucleating orbital, [102]-[104]
material for enucleation of orbital, [97]
preserving of hyaloid, [32], [33], [34], [36]
Cornea, [52]
and sclerotic, [52]
layers of, [52]
smoothing it for ophthalmoscopic examination, [109]
Corneo-scleral junction, loosening choroid from, [64], [65]
Corona ciliaris, [49], [51]
Cortex of lens, [54], [59]
Course of retinal arteries, [111]
Cross section of optic nerve, [48]
Crystalline lens, [33], [49], [53]
lens boiling, [55]
Cutting away sclerotic and choroid for isolating retina, [83]
ciliary ring, [121]
cross section of optic nerve, [48]
eye for sagittal section, [87]-[89]
eye in half, [38], [39]
iris for dissection of three tunics, [120]
optic nerve longitudinally, [47], [48]
D
Dehydrating lens, [58], [59]
Demonstration of hyaloid, etc., [34]
Disc, optic, [43]
Dishes, Stender, [21]
Dissected hyaloid, [33]
Dissecting lacrimal gland, [114]
nasal duct, papilla and puncta, [92]
orbital contents, [97]-[105]
of hyaloid membrane, [25], [33]
of hyaloid, method of preparing for, [26], [27]
of orbital contents, beginning of, [97]-[101]
three tunics, removing choroid, for, [122]
Dissection, preparing eye for interior, [38]
preparing eye to show the three tunics in situ, [120]
of three tunics and hyaloid, loosening choroid from sclerotic for, [120]
of three tunics, cutting iris, for, [120]
Duct, material for dissecting papilla, puncta, and nasal, [92]
papilla, puncta lacrimalia, and nasal, [92]
Ducts, meibomian gland and, [96]
lacrimal, [112], [113]
E
Emptying choroid, [69], [70]
eyeball of contents, [32], [33]
Entrance of optic nerve, [43]
Enucleated eye, [104]
Enucleating orbital contents, [102]-[104]
Enucleation of orbital contents, [97]-[105]
of orbital contents, material for, [97]
Epithelium of cornea, [52]
Equipment, [17]-[24]
Examination, ophthalmoscopic, [106]
preparing eye for ophthalmoscopic, [106]-[110]
smoothing out cornea for ophthalmoscopic, [109]
Excavated posterior half, [46], [47]
sagittal, [90]
Extrinsic muscles, other, [118]
muscles, preserving, [119]
Eye, anterior half of the, [49]
contents, emptying, [32], [33]
cutting it for sagittal section, [87]-[89]
for dissection of hyaloid, etc., preparing, [26], [27]
in half, cutting, [38], [39]
interior of, [38]
posterior half of the, [40]
preparing for dissecting interior, [38]
preparing it for dissection, to show the three tunics, in situ, [120]
preparing for isolating choroid, [62]
preparing for isolating retina, [74], [75]
preparing for ophthalmoscopic examination of, [106]-[110]
preparing for sagittal section of, [86]
sagittal section of, [86]
seeing interior of, [110]
vertical section of, [86]
cutting window in, [110]
Eyelids, [95], [105]
Eyes, sheep and beef, [26], [27]
F
Fibres of lens, [56], [57]
network of vitreous, [41], [42]
Fluid, perichoroidal, [40], [46]
Folding retina by blowing air through blowpipe, [81], [82]
Forcing out vitreous, using blowpipe in, [78]-[81]
Fornices, conjunctival, [113]
G
Gland, dissecting lacrimal, [114]
lacrimal, [114]
racemose construction, [114]
Glands and ducts, meibomian, [96]
Glass blowpipe, [35]
Glassware, [21]
H
Half, anterior, [49]
cutting eye in, [38], [39]
Half, excavated posterior, [46]
posterior, [40]
posterior, excavated, [46]
preparing eye for dissecting interior, [38]
removing vitreous from anterior, [49]
removing vitreous from posterior, [41]
Hammer and chisel, use of, [99]-[101]
Humor, aqueous, [51]
vitreous, [33]
Hyaloid and attachments, demonstration of, [34]
artery, [43]
body, [41]
canal, [43]
dissected, [33]
membrane, dissection of, [25]-[33]
membrane with contents and attachments intact, removal of, [25]
preserving contents of, [32], [33], [34], [36]
preserving three tunics and, [123]
I
Image, retinal, [110]
Increasing pupillary aperture, [106], [107], [109]
Inferior oblique muscle, [119]
Instruments, [21]
Interior of the eye, [38]
of the eye, seeing, [110]
Interior section, preparing the eye for dissecting, [38]
Iridescence of choroid, [45]
Iridescent choroid, [40], [43]
Iris, [49], [51]
and lens, removing, [75], [77]
and processes, removing, [121]
for dissection of three tunics, cutting, [120]
relation between processes and, [51], [52]
Isolated choroid, preserving, [72]
Isolating choroid or retina, removing cornea for, [62]-[64]
choroid, preparing eye for, [62]
Isolated retina, preserving, [84], [85]
Isolating retina, cutting sclerotic and choroid away for, [83]
retina, preparing eye for, [74], [75]
J
Junction, loosening choroid from corneo-scleral, [64], [65]
K
Knitting-needles, use of, [92]-[95]
L
Lacrimal ducts, [112], [113]
gland, [114]
gland, dissecting, [114]
gland, racemose construction of, [114]
Lacrimalia, nasal duct, papilla, and puncta, [92]
Laminated structure of lens, [55], [56]
Layers, concentric lens, [56], [57]
of cornea, [52]
separating outer lens, [54]
Lens and iris, removing, [75], [77]
anterior surface of, [55]
boiling of, [55], [56]
capsule, [33], [50], [54]
clarifying, [58], [59]
concentric layers of, [56], [57]
cortex of, [54], [59]
crystalline, [33], [49], [53]
dehydrating, [58], [59]
fibres, [56], [57]
laminated structure of, [55], [56]
nucleus of, [55], [59]
posterior surface of, [55]
preparing the, [53]
preserving the, [57], [58]
removing capsule of, [59]
removing it from choroid, [69]-[71]
removing the, [51], [53]
separating outer layers of, [54]
staining, [57]
Ligament, suspensory, [33], [37]
Lines, tri-radiate, [54]-[56]
Locating papilla, puncta, canaliculi, and nasal duct, [92]-[95]
Longitudinally, cutting optic nerve, [47], [48]
Loosening choroid from corneo-scleral junction, [64], [65]
choroid from sclerotic, [64], [66]-[68]
choroid from sclerotic, for dissection of the three tunics and hyaloid, [120]
Lucidum, tapetum, [45]
M
Material, [19], [20], [21]
for dissecting nasal duct, papilla, and puncta, [92]
for enucleation of orbital contents, [97]
Meibomian glands and ducts, [96]
Membrane with contents and attachments intact, removal of, [25]
Method of preparing eye for dissection of hyaloid, [26], [27]
of running through the alcohols, [58], [59]
Muscle, superior oblique and its pulley, [117]
Muscles, other extrinsic, [118]
preserving extrinsic, [119]
N
Nasal duct, canaliculi, puncta, and papilla, locating, [92]-[95]
canaliculi, puncta, and papilla, [92]
canaliculi, puncta, and papilla, material for dissecting, [92]
Needles and pins, use of, [96], [106], [107], [108], [109], [112], [113]
use of knitting, [92]-[95]
Nerve, cross section of optic, [48]
entrance of optic, [43]
optic, [47]
optic, cutting it longitudinally, [47], [48]
Nerves, ciliary, [72]
Network of fibres in vitreous, [41], [42]
Nucleus of lens, [55], [59]
O
Oblique, inferior, [119]
pulley of superior, [117]
Ocular accessories, [95]
conjunctiva and Capsule of Tenon, [116]
conjunctiva and other superficial accessories, [95]
Oil, cedar, [60]
Ophthalmoscope, [109]
Ophthalmoscopic examination, [106]
examination, preparing eye for, [106]-[110]
examination, smoothing out cornea for, [109]
Optic disc, [43]
nerve, [47]
nerve, cross section of, [48]
nerve, cutting it longitudinally, [47], [48]
nerve, entrance of, [43]
papilla, [111]
Ora serrata, [49]
Orbicularis ciliaris, [49], [51]
Orbital contents, beginning dissection of, [97]-[101]
contents, dissecting, [97]-[105]
contents, enucleating, [102]-[104]
contents, enucleation of, [97]
contents, material for enucleation of, [97]
P
Palpebræ and other superficial accessories, [95]
Palpebral conjunctiva and other superficial accessories, [95]
Papilla, nasal duct, and puncta lacrimalia, [92]
nasal duct, and puncta lacrimalia, material for dissecting, [92]
optic, [111]
puncta, canaliculi, and nasal, duct, locating, [92]-[95]
Pars ciliaris retinæ, [49]
Perichoroidal fluid, [40]-[46]
Petit’s canal, [35]-[37]
Picking up choroid and retina, [30], [31]
Pigment cells of processes, [49], [50]
of sclerotic, [46]
removal of, [34]
Pinching up sclerotic, [27], [28]
Pins and needles, use of, [96], [106]-[109], [112], [113]
Pipette, [35]
Posterior chamber, [50], [51], [86], [90]
half excavated, [47]
half of the eye, [40]
half, removing vitreous from, [41]
surface of the lens, [55]
Preparing eye for dissecting interior, [38]
eye for dissecting hyaloid, [26], [27]
eye for dissection to show the three tunics, in situ, [120]
eye for isolating choroid, [62]
eye for isolating retina, [74], [75]
eye for ophthalmoscopic examination, [106]-[110]
eye for sagittal section, [86]
the lens, [53]
Preservative, alcohol as a, [34]
Preserving extrinsic muscles, [119]
hyaloid, contents and attachments, etc., [32]-[34], [36]
isolated choroid, [72]
isolated retina, [84], [85]
lens, [57], [58]
sagittal sections, [89]
three tunics and hyaloid, [123]
Processes, ciliary, [27], [33], [49]
and iris, removing, [121]
color of, [50]
pigment cells of, [49], [50]
relation between iris and, [51], [52]
zonular, [27], [34]
Processus zonulœ, [34]
zonulœ free from ciliary processes, scraping, [121]
Pulley of superior oblique muscle, [117]
Puncta lacrimalia, nasal duct, and papilla, [92]
lacrimalia, papilla, canaliculi, and nasal duct, locating, [92], [95]
lacrimalia, papilla, canaliculi, and nasal duct, material for dissecting, [92]
Pupillary aperture increasing, [106], [107], [109]
R
Racemose construction of lacrimal gland, [114]
References, [23], [25], [46], [52]
Relation between iris and processes, [51], [52]
Removal of hyaloid membrane with contents and attachments intact, [25]
of pigment from processus zonulœ, [34]
Removing capsule of lens, [59]
choroid, [46]
cornea for isolating choroid or retina, [62]-[64]
choroid for dissecting three tunics, [122]
iris and lens, [75], [77]
iris and processes, [121]
lens from choroid, [69]-[71]
lens from anterior half and other parts, [51], [53], [54]
sclerotic to show the three tunics, [120]
the retina from posterior half, [44]
vitreous from anterior half, [49]
vitreous from choroid, [70]-[72]
vitreous from posterior half, [41]
Retina, [40]-[74]
blood-vessels of, [106]
central artery of, [43], [49]
cutting away sclerotic and choroid for isolating, [83]
folding it by blowing air through blowpipe, [81], [82]
or choroid, removing cornea for isolating, [62]-[64]
picking up choroid and, [30], [31]
preparing eye for isolating, [74], [75]
preserving isolated, [84], [85]
removing, [44]
straightening, [42], [43]
Retinæ, pars ciliaris, [49]
Retinal artery, course of, [111]
image, [110]
vessels, [40], [49]
Ring, ciliary, [51]
cutting ciliary, [121]
of superior oblique muscle tendinous, [117]
Running through the alcohols, [58], [59]
S
Sagittal section, cutting eye for, [87]-[89]
section, excavated, [90]
section of the eye, [86]
section, preparing eye for, [86]
sections, preserving, [89]
Sclerotic and choroid, cutting them away for isolating retina, [83]
and cornea, [52]
from choroid, for dissection of three tunics and hyaloid, loosening, [120]
loosening choroid from, [64], [66]-[68]
pigment of, [46]
pinching up, [27], [28]
scraping choroid from, [68]
separating choroid from, [27], [29]
to show the three tunics, removing, [120]
Scraping choroid from sclerotic, [68]
processus zonulœ free from ciliary processes, [121]
Section of optic nerve, cross, [48]
cutting eye for sagittal, [87]-[89]
preparing eye for sagittal, [86]
sagittal, [86]
vertical, [86]
Sections, preparing eye for dissecting interior, [38]
preserving sagittal, [89]
Seeing interior of eye, [110]
Separating choroid from sclerotic, [27], [29], [64]-[68]
outer layers of the lens, [54]
Serrata, ora, [49]
Sheep eyes, [26], [27]
Skiascope, [109]
Smoothing cornea for ophthalmoscopic examination, [109]
Superior oblique muscle and its pulley, [117]
Staining lens, [57]
Stender dishes, [21]
Straightening retina, [42], [43]
Structure of lens, laminated, [55], [56]
Superior oblique muscle, pulley of, [117]
Surface of anterior of lens, [55]
of posterior of lens, [55]
Suspensory ligament, [55]
T
Tapetum lucidum, [45]
Tendinous ring of the superior oblique muscle, [117]
Tenon and ocular conjunctiva, Capsule of, [116]
Tenon’s Capsule, [115]
Text-books, [23], [25], [46], [52]
Three tunics, removing choroid, for dissecting, [122]
Tools, [21]
Tri-radiate lines, [54]-[56]
Tunics, in situ, preparing eye for dissection to show the three, [120]
preserving hyaloid and three, [123]
removing the sclerotic, to show the three, [120]
U
Use of hammer and chisel, [99]-[101]
of knitting-needles, [92]-[95]
Using blowpipe in forcing out vitreous, [78]-[81]
V
Vena vorticosa, [72]
Vertical section of the eye, [86]
Vessels of retina, blood-, [40], [49], [106]
Vitreous, [33]
network of fibres in, [41], [42]
removing from anterior half, [49]
removing from posterior half, [41]
using blowpipe to force out, [78]-[81]
Vorticosa, vena, [72]
W
Window, in eye, cutting, [110]
X
Xylol, [59]
Z
Zone of Zinn, [36], [37]
Zonular processes, [27], [34]
Zonulii Zinii, [36], [37]
Zonulœ processus, [34]