MUSHET, Robert (2 son of Richard Mushet). b. Dalkeith 1811; second clerk and probationer melter in the royal mint, London 1832, senior clerk and melter 1851 to death; F.G.S. 1863; author of The Trinities of the ancients 1837; The book of symbols 1844, 2 ed. 1847; The coin book, Philadelphia 1873. d. Haywards Heath, Sussex 4 Sept. 1871.
MUSHET, Robert Forester (youngest son of David Mushet metallurgist 1772–1847). b. Coleford, Forest of Dean 8 April 1811; assisted his father in his researches at Coleford; experimented with the alloy of iron and manganese known as Spiegeleisen from 1848; took out three patents for improving the quality of iron 16 Sept. 1856; claimed to have perfected the Bessemer process of refining iron by blowing air through it when in a molten condition; the Bessemer medal of the Iron and Steel institute was awarded to him 1876; took out about 20 patents for manufacture of alloys of iron and steel with titanium tungsten and chromium 1859–61; invented ‘special steel’ about 1870; author of The Bessemer-Mushet process 1883. d. 10 Sydenham villas, Cheltenham 19 Jany. 1891. Jeans’s Creators of the age of steel (1884) 60–5; Journal of iron and steel institute (1876) 1–4; Engineering Review 20 July 1893 p. 7 portrait.
MUSPRATT, James (son of Evan Muspratt, an Englishman, d. 1810). b. Dublin 12 Aug. 1793; apprenticed to a wholesale chemist in Dublin 1807; midshipman on board the Impétueux 1812, but deserted about 1814; a manufacturer of prussiate of potash in Dublin 1818; set up alkali works at Liverpool 1823; joined J. C. Gamble and built new works at St. Helens 1828, left Gamble and set up another manufactory at Newton 1830; opened new works in Widnes and Flint; retired from business 1857; was the chief founder of the alkali manufacture in the United Kingdom. d. Seaforth hall, near Liverpool 4 May 1886. bur. in Walton parish churchyard. J. F. Allen’s Memoir of James Muspratt, with portrait.
MUSPRATT, James Sheridan (1 son of the preceding). b. Dublin 8 March 1821; studied chemistry at Andersonian univ. Glasgow 1836, and at Univ. coll. London 1838; lost some thousands in a trading partnership in America 1842; worked in the laboratory of Liebig at Giessen 1843–5; Ph.Doc. Giessen 1845, a title never before granted to so young a man; F.C.S. 1843; founded the Liverpool college of chemistry 1848; succeeded to a share in his father’s business 1857; F.R.S. Edinb. 1844; F.R.S. Dublin; translated Plattner’s Treatise on the blowpipe 1845, 3 ed. 1854; discovered a proto-chloride of iron spring at Harrogate 1868, since known as Dr. Muspratt’s chalybeate; author of Outlines of qualitative analysis 1849; Chemistry, theoretical, practical, and analytical, 2 vols. 1853–61; m. 22 March 1843 Susan Cushman, American actress, d. 10 May 1859. He d. The Hollies, West Derby, Liverpool 3 Feb. 1871. Biography of Sheridan Muspratt, by a London barrister-at-law (1852) portrait; J. S. Muspratt’s Chemistry, 2 vols. (1853–61) 2 portraits; W. White’s Biography of S. Muspratt (1869) portrait.
MUSSY, Henri Guéneau de. b. Paris 1814; physician, came to England with Louis Philippe in 1848; physician to the Orleans family throughout his life; F.R.C.P. of England 25 Nov. 1859; resided at Claremont 1848–72; made investigations in Ireland about the famine fever of 1847; entertained at a banquet by the president and college of physicians of England; representative of the French académie de médecine at tercentenary of univ. of Edinb. 16–18 April 1884, when he was created LL.D.; wrote De l’apoplexie pulmonaire in Ecole de Medicine, collection des thèses 1844, vol. viii. d. St. Raphael in the Riviera Sept. 1892. bur. Pére Lachaise cemet. Paris 3 Oct. The Times 4 Oct. 1892 pp. 3, 7.
Note.—He was one of the few foreigners elected to the full fellowship of the royal college of physicians, his coat-of-arms is represented in one of the stained glass windows of the college in Trafalgar square.
MUSTERS, George Chaworth (son of John George Musters of Wiverton hall, Notts., d. 1842). b. Naples 13 Feb. 1841; entered the navy 1854; served in the Algiers, 74 guns, in the Black Sea, received English and Turkish Crimean medals 1856; lieut. of the Stromboli on coast of South America Dec. 1861 to June 1866; retired commander 10 June 1871; started sheep-farming at Montevideo 1866; lived with the Patagonian aboriginies, who treated him as a king 1869–70; received a gold watch from Royal Geog. soc. 1872; travelled with his wife in Bolivia and adjacent countries Feb. 1874 to Sept. 1876; appointed consul for the Mozambique 23 Sept. 1878; author of At home with the Patagonians, a year’s wanderings on untrodden ground from the Straits of Magellan to the Rio Negro 1871, 2 ed. 1873. d. London 25 Jany. 1879. Proc. of Royal Geog. Soc. i 397–8 (1879).
MUSTOXIDI, Sir Andrea. b. Corfu 1785; created doctor at Padua 1807; historiographer to the French government under ministry of duke de Feltre in the Ionian Islands 1807; member of legislative assembly of Ionian Islands 1817, then president; president of municipality of Corfu; minister of public instruction in the Ionian Islands, and chancellor of the univ. of Corfu 1823; historiographer of the Ionian Islands 1811, sir Thomas Maitland deprived him of the title 1820; K.C.M.G. 1857; author of many editions of the classical authors and of works on Greece, published at Corfu, Malta, Milan, Padua, and Venice 1811–48. d. Corfu 17 July 1860. G.M. Nov. 1860 p. 554; Didot’s Nouvelle Biog. Générale xxxvi 73 (1863); Larousse’s Grand Dictionnaire xi 732 (1874).
MUSURUS, Constantine (son of Paul Musurus). b. Constantinople 18 Feb. 1807; a Greek christian; sec. to Stefanaki Beg Vogorides, afterwards prince of Samos 1832, whose daughter Anne he married in 1839, she was b. 1819 and d. in London 19 July 1867; Turkish minister at Athens 1840, and at Vienna 1848; minister in London April 1851, raised to the rank of ambassador 30 Jany. 1856 with the title of Pasha, on the Sultan’s visit to London July 1867; retired 7 Dec. 1885; resided 1 Bryanston sq. London. d. Constantinople 12 Feb. 1891. The Graphic 21 Feb. 1891 p. 209 portrait; I.L.N. 21 Feb. 1891 p. 235 portrait; Pictorial World 21 Feb. 1891 p. 241 portrait.
MUTRIE, Annie Feray (sister of the succeeding). b. Ardwick, Manchester 6 March 1826; exhibited 46 flower pictures at R.A. and 6 at B.I. 1851–80, her pictures praised by John Ruskin in his Notes on the Royal academy 1855; removed to London 1854; sent pictures to Manchester exhibition of 1857, and to the International exhibition of 1862. d. 26 Lower Rock gardens, Brighton 28 Sept. 1893. bur. Brompton cemet. The Times 10 Oct. 1893 p. 9.