PENNEFATHER, Sir John Lysaght (3 son of rev. John Pennefather of New Park, co. Tipperary). b. 1800; cornet 7 dragoon guards 14 Jany. 1818, lieut. 1823–5; captain 22 foot 8 April 1826, lieut. col. 18 Oct. 1839; lieut. col. 28 foot 2 Dec. 1847, placed on h.p. 21 July 1848; commanded the infantry brigade at battle of Meanee, India 17 Feb. 1843 when he was shot through the body; A.D.C. to the queen 19 June 1846 to 20 June 1854; assistant Q.M.G. in the Cork district 1849–54; commanded the first brigade of second division in the army sent to Russia 1854; at the battle of the Alma; commanded the second division at battle of Inkerman 5 Nov. 1854 when with less than 3,000 men he defeated 35,000 Russians who lost nearly 12,000 men; commanded the second division again Nov. 1854 to July 1855; colonel of 46 foot 19 Nov. 1854 to 13 Feb. 1860; commanded the troops at Malta 1855–60, in the northern district 1860, and at Aldershot 1860–5; col. of 22 foot 13 Feb. 1860 to death; L.G. 12 Nov. 1860, general 9 May 1868; governor of Chelsea hospital 27 Aug. 1870 to death; C.B. 4 July 1843, K.C.B. 5 July 1855, G.C.B. 13 May 1867; grand officer of Legion of Honour; commander of Sardinian order of St. Maurice and St. Lazare; bailiff ad honores of order of St. John of Jerusalem 16 Feb 1858. d. Chelsea hospital 9 May 1872. bur. Brompton cemet. 15 May. G. Ryan’s Our heroes of the Crimea (1855) 97–100.
PENNEFATHER, Richard (eld. son of major Wm. Pennefather of 13 light dragoon, M.P. Cashel). b. Knockeven, Tipperary 1773; educ. Trin. coll. Dublin, B.A. 1794, and King’s inns, Dublin; called to Irish bar 1795; practised in court of chancery and on the Munster circuit; king’s counsel; chief baron of Irish court of exchequer 14 Feb. 1821, resigned Feb. 1859. d. at his residence, near Clonmel 7 Aug. 1859. J. R. O’Flanagan’s Irish bar (1879) 288–92; Dublin univ. mag. liv 532–5 (1859).
PENNEFATHER, William (youngest son of preceding). b. Merrion sq. Dublin 5 Feb. 1816; educ. Trin. coll. Dublin Feb. 1832 to 1840, B.A. 1840; C. of Ballymacugh, Kilmore 1841–4; V. of Mellifont, near Drogheda 1844–8; V. of Holy Trinity, Walton, near Aylesbury 1848–52; V. of Ch. Ch. Barnet, Herts. 1852–64; held conferences on missionary enterprise at Barnet and then at Mildmay 1855 to death; V. of St. Jude’s, Mildmay park, Islington 1864 to death; known as a mission preacher all over England; author of The church of the first-born 1865; The bridegroom king 1875; Hymns, original and selected 1875, of these he wrote 25; Original hymns and thoughts in verse 1875, a collection of 71 pieces. d. Melford lodge, Muswell hill, Middlesex 30 April 1873. bur. Ridge, near Barnet, next to his friend Capt. Trotter 6 May. R. Braithwaite’s Life of W. Pennefather (1878) portrait; Julian’s Dict. of hymnology (1892) 888–9; Woman’s work ii 161–70 (1873).
PENNELL, Edmund Burke. b. 1840; clerk in office of sec. of state for the colonies April 1859, third class clerk April 1863; private sec. to W. E. Forster, under sec. to 6 July 1866, to sir C. Adderley to 1 Oct. 1866, and to lord Blachford from 1 Oct. 1866; assist. clerk 20 May 1867, first class clerk 30 Sept. 1872; sent to Paris on a special mission 1874; principal clerk 1 May 1879; British comr. on Anglo-French commission on Newfoundland fisheries, in Paris 1884–5, in Newfoundland 1884–5, again in Paris 1886; C.M.G. 1 Feb. 1886. d. at his brother’s residence, The cottage, East Moulsey, Surrey 16 March 1895. bur. West Moulsey.
PENNELL, Follett Walrond (6 son of Wm. Pennell, consul at Rio de Janeiro). b. 4 Feb. 1804; entered navy Feb. 1818; captain 14 July 1828; R.A. on h.p. 2 May 1855; admiral on h.p. 12 Sept. 1865. d. Ravenside, near Carlisle 30 July 1876.
PENNETHORNE, Sir James (son of Thomas Pennethorne of Worcester). b. Worcester 4 June 1801; pupil of John Nash and Augustus Pugin 1820–4; studied in France and Italy 1824–6; elected a member of the academy of St. Luke; principal assistant of John Nash 1826; directed the West Strand improvement 1829, and the King Wm. st. opening 1831; employed by the comrs. of the woods and forests to prepare plans for improvements in London 1832; four streets New Oxford st. opened 1847, Endell st. 1846, Cranbourne st. 1843, and Commercial st. 1870, were made by him at a cost of one million pounds, also Garrick st. 1864, Southwark st. 1864, and Old st. 1855; built Crockford’s bazaar in St. James’s st. 1832, and Christ church in Albany st. 1836; his design for rebuilding the Royal exchange was one of the five selected in the competition 1838; joint surveyor of houses in London in the land revenue department June 1840; sole surveyor and architect of the office of woods 1843–70; a comr. to inquire into construction of work-houses in Ireland 1843; designed and laid out Victoria park at cost of £115,000, 1842 etc., and Battersea park 1846–58; cleared away the houses from the walls of Windsor Castle 1851–3; architect of the Museum of economic geology in Jermyn st. opened in 1851; removed the colonnade of the Quadrant, Regent st. and designed the balcony 1848; completed the west wing of Somerset House 1852–6, for which he received a gold medal from the R.I.B.A. 18 May 1857; built the ball-room at Buckingham palace, completed 1856, the duchy of Cornwall office, and district post office 1852, the Record office 1856–70, the stables at Marlborough house 1863, the Patent office library, opened 1855, and the new stationery office 1847; F.R.I.B.A. 1840, royal gold medallist 1865; designed the University of London in Burlington Gardens 1866–8; knighted at Windsor castle 29 June 1870. d. Worcester park house, Wimbledon, Surrey 1 Sept. 1871. bur. Highgate cemet. Transactions of the R.I.B.A. (1871–2) 53–69; The Builder (1866) 877–98.
PENNETHORNE, John (brother of preceding). b. Worcester 4 Jany. 1808; pupil of John Nash in London; studied in France, Italy, Greece, and Egypt 1830–5; made an elaborate study of the Parthenon at Athens 1832, 1834 and 1837; author of The elements and arithmetical principles of the Greek architects and artists, recovered by study of the remaining works of architecture designed and erected in the age of Pericles 1844; and with J. Robinson The geometry and optics of ancient architecture, illustrated by examples from Thebes, Athens, and Rome 1878; contributed to the Transactions of the R.I.B.A. a paper on The connection between ancient art and the ancient geometry as illustrated by works of the age of Pericles Feb. 1879 pp. 105–36. d. Hamstead, Yarmouth, Isle of Wight 20 Jany. 1888. Dictionary of architecture, vol. vi p. 18 (1881).
PENNEY, John. Cornet 1 Bombay light cavalry 25 April 1824, lieut. col. 7 Dec. 1850 to 1852, and 24 April 1854 to death; lieut. col. 3 Bombay light cavalry 1852 to 24 April 1854; changed his name from Penny to Penney 1845. d. of heat apoplexy in the retreat from Nasírábád 28 May 1857.
PENNEY, William, lord Kinloch (eld. son of Wm. Penney, merchant). b. Glasgow 1801; educ. Glasgow univ. where he took honours; advocate 1824, had a large practice; judge of court of session 7 May 1858, took courtesy title of lord Kinloch; judge of the first division court Oct. 1868 to death; author of The circle of Christian doctrine 1861, 3 ed. 1865; Time’s treasure or devout thoughts for every day of the year, expressed in verse 1863, 5 ed. 1865; Studies for Sunday evening 1866; Faith’s jewels presented in verse 1869; Thoughts of Christ for every day in the year 1871; Readings in holy writ 1871; Hymns to Christ 1872. d. Hartrigge house, near Jedburgh 31 Oct. 1872. Journal of jurisprudence xvi, 650, 664 (1872); Law mag. and law review i 1075–7 (1872); I.L.N. lxi 452 (1872) portrait.
PENNINGTON, James (son of Wm. Pennington, bookseller). b. Kendal, Westmoreland 23 Feb. 1777; educ. Kendal gr. sch.; pupil of John Dalton, chemist in Manchester; in business in London; appointed to investigate the accounts of the East India company 1831, appointment cancelled 1832; member of Political economy club 1828; framed the measures adopted by the treasury for regulating the currency of the West Indies 1833; a leading authority on currency and finance, was frequently consulted by the government; author of A letter to Kirkman Finlay, esq., on the importation of foreign corn and the value of the precious metals in different countries 1840; The currency of the British colonies 1848. d. 2 Nelson terrace, Clapham Common, Surrey 23 March 1862. A. R. Pennington’s Recollections of persons and events (1895) 109–11.