Archaeohyrax Ameghino

Archaeohyrax Amegh., 1897, Bol. Inst. Geog. Argen., t. 18, p. 431.

This interesting genus is known by a complete skull found by Ameghino and of which we found no duplicates. I insert a reproduction of the side view of the skull, and the dentition is shown in [fig. 24 a], and [fig. 25 a]. The dental formula is

Incisor 1 is a little larger than the other incisors. Each upper molar has a vertical groove near the anterior external margin. In each upper premolar (after the first) and molar, there is a central pit surrounded by enamel, which is opposite the internal inflexion, and in a young individual, is presumably connected with the fold. In the same way, the last three lower premolars and the lower molars each have an internal pit, adjacent to the external inflexion. With advanced age all the teeth show closed roots, another primitive feature. In spite of the closed roots, the full dentition, and the enamel on the incisor; and on account of the deep inflexions and the isolated pits, I consider this genus a specialized side line, retaining many primitive features, and expect to find the ancestor of the typotheres in some one of the related Casamayor genera.

Fig. 27. Archaeohyrax patagonicus, after Ameghino—natural size.

Ameghino described three species, A. patagonicus, which we have figured, and which has a length of 84 mm. from inc. 1 to m. 3 in both the upper and lower dentitions; A. propheticus, of the same size, but with the dental series closed; and A. concentricus of larger size, the three lower molars having a length of 38 mm.

Plagiarthrus Ameghino

Plagiarthrus Amegh., 1897, Bol. Inst. Geog. Argen., t. 18, p. 436.