The New Nation

by Frederic L. Paxson

Adams, Charles Francis, [55], [56].
Agricultural colleges, beginning of, [17].
Agriculture, changes in, [14], [15];
in the South after the War, [39], [40];
Department of, created, [142], [157];
main reliance of Western pioneers, [149], [151];
discontent in North and West, [178], [179], [184];
depression of, in South, [195];
diversified by decline of cotton values, [204], [205].
Aguinaldo, Emilio, [267], [278].
Alabama Claims, the, [55], [56].
Alaska, gold mines in, [241];
settlement of boundary, [284], [285].
Aldrich, Nelson W., [118], [326].
Algeciras, United States in conference at, [318].
Alger, Russell A., [253], [274].
Allison, William B., [89], [255].
Altgeld, Gov. John P., [222], [279].
Alverstone, Lord Chief Justice, [285], [286].
Amendment, the Thirteenth, [33], [42], [48].
Amendment, the Fourteenth, [42], [43], [48], [196], [197].
Amendment, the Fifteenth, [46], [47], [48], [196], [198].
American diplomacy, [286].
American Federation of Labor, [121], [183], [208].
American Railroad Union, [222].
Ames, Adelbert, [47].
Angell, James B., [60].
Anti-Contract Labor Law, [135].
Anti-imperialism, [278], [279].
Anti-monopolists, [168], [169].
Anti-trust literature, [166].
Arbitration, [255], [256];
treaties refused by Senate, [331], [332].
Arizona, a Territory, [21], [152], [154];
becomes a State, [330].
Army of the United States, at outbreak of Spanish War, [266];
in poor condition during the war, [269]-72, [274];
later service in Cuba, [282].
Arrears of Pension Act, [137].
Arthur, Chester A., removed from office by Hayes, [87], [98], [103];
Vice-President with Garfield, [99];
opposes Garfield, [103];
as President, reorganizes his Cabinet, [106], [109];
his first message, [109], [110];
recommends civil service reform, [113], [114];
approves revision of the tariff, [114];
vetoes River and Harbor Bill, [117], [127];
hopes for renomination, [126];
reasons for failure of his candidacy, [126], [127];
and the Panama Canal, [144].
Australian ballot, [248].
Ballinger, Richard A., [328], [329].
Ballot reform, [248], [249].
Bayard, Thomas F., [134].
Belknap, William W., [62].
Bellamy, Edward, [167], [168], [188].
Benton, Thomas H., [21].
Bimetallism, [226];
plea for international, [228], [234].
Black Belt, the, [202], [203].
Blaine, James G., improper official conduct of, [62], [81];
the Mulligan letters, [82];
and the proposal to extend pardon to Jefferson Davis, [83];
candidate for Presidential nomination (1880), [98];
his personal following large, [102];
Secretary of State under Garfield, [102], [103], [106];
plans for Pan-American Congress, [106];
his large following among Irish, [124], [133];
nominated for President (1884), [127], [128];
and the Mugwumps, [130];
caricatures of, [132];
defeated, [133];
replies to Cleveland's message on tariff reduction (1887), [169];
refuses to be Presidential candidate again, [169];
Secretary of State under Harrison, [171], [172];
urges reciprocity, [175];
exchanges views with Gladstone on protective tariff, [189];
in the seal fisheries controversy, [212];
resigns Secretaryship, [213];
death, [214].
Blair, Francis P., Jr., [31].
Bland, Richard P., [88], [89], [173], [217].
Bland-Allison Bill, [181], [217], [218].
"Bloody shirt," the, [83], [100], [201].
Bonaparte, Charles J., [320].
"Boss," the, [245], [246];
power of, [247], [248].
Boxer outbreak in China, [281].
Brady, Thomas J., [104], [105].
Bristow, Benjamin, [81].
Brown, B. Gratz, [56].
Bryan, William Jennings, nominated for President, [237];
wages vigorous campaign, [238];
defeated, [240];
colonel in Spanish War, [266];
renominated for President, [279];
denounces imperialism, [279];
again defeated, [280];
a lay preacher on political subjects, [305];
nominated for Presidency third time, [325];
made Secretary of State by Wilson, [338].
Bryce, James, his American Commonwealth, [188], [189], [246];
influence of, [247];
ambassador from Great Britain, [318].
Buckner, Simon B., [238].
Burchard, Rev. Samuel D., [133].
Bureau of Corporations, valuable reports of, [311], [312].
Butler, Benjamin F., advocates the Greenback movement, [30], [66];
aims at Governorship of Massachusetts, [61];
his relation to the "salary grab," [62];
Anti-Monopoly candidate for Presidency, [131], [132].
Canadian reciprocity, [332].
Cannon, Joseph G., defeated for Congress, [185];
Speaker of the House, [304], [305];
a stand-pat protectionist, [327];
ruling as Speaker defeated, [329];
returned to Congress, [342].
Carlisle, John G., [138], [139].
Carnegie, Andrew, [297].
"Carpet-baggers," [43], [45], [49], [194].
Centennial Exposition, at Philadelphia, [73].
Cervera, Admiral, [267], [268], [271], [272].
Chase, Salmon P., wishes to be President, [3], [4], [31], [56];
urges creation of bonded debt to provide for war expenses, [5];
inaugurates a system of national banks, [27].
Chile, threatened war with, [212], [213].
Chinese, coolies imported into California, [25];
and Irish, [94];
harried, [122].
Chinese Exclusion Bill, [122], [127].
Choate, Joseph H., [318].
Christian Science, rise of, [190].
Churchill, Winston, writes Coniston, [310], [311].
Cities, growth of, [14];
in the New South, [205];
government of, [246].
Civil Rights Bill, [196], [197].
Civil Service Act, [113], [117].
Civil Service reform, [86], [110];
growth of, [112], [113], [114];
further extended by Cleveland, [134], [235];
and by Taft, [331].
Civil War, the, influence of its military successes, [1];
benefits of the four years of, [18];
new type brought into politics by, [78];
veterans of, [136].
Clark, Champ, [329], [330], [336].
Clayton Anti-trust Bill, [339].
Clayton-Bulwer treaty, [134], [144];
inadequate, [286].
Cleveland, Grover, Mayor of Buffalo and Governor of New York, [130];
favored by the Independents, [130], [131];
nominated for Presidency, [131];
his character attacked, [132];
elected and inaugurated, [133];
his Cabinet, [133];
Lowell's tribute to, [134];
meets new problems, [135];
vetoes pension bills, [137];
troubled by divided administration, [138], [139], [140];
signs "omnibus" bill for new States, [152];
his emphasis on tariff reduction, [169];
renominated, [170];
defeated by Harrison, [171];
again nominated for Presidency, [214], [215];
and elected, [215];
opposes free silver and the silver basis, [219], [229], [230];
loses influence with Western Democrats, [220];
refuses to sign Wilson Bill, [221];
sends federal troops to Chicago, [221], [222];
splits Democratic party, [223];
in Venezuela boundary dispute, [230], [231];
abandoned by his party, [235];
dies in Princeton, [236];
tries to maintain neutrality in Cuban revolt, [261], [262].
Cobden Club, and British gold, [139].
Coin's Financial School, [229].
Colfax, Schuyler, Vice-President with Grant, [37], [57], [61].
Colorado, Territory, [20];
becomes a State, [73], [74], [149].
Commissioner of Labor, [122].
Conkling, Roscoe, [81], [87];
disciplined by Hayes, [98];
fights for Grant, [99];
resigns from Senate, [103].
Conservation movement, [320], [328].
Consumers' League, the, [250].
Cooke, Jay, his connection with panic of 1873, [62], [63], [64].
Cornell, Alonzo B., [98], [103].
Cortelyou, George B., [302], [306].
Cotton, the staple crop of the Old South, [149];
hundredth anniversary of first export celebrated, [203];
overproduction, [204].
Cowboys, develop a folk-song literature, [150].
Coxey, Jacob S., [222].
Crédit Mobilier, scandal of, [61].
Cripple Creek, great miners' strike at, [301].
Crisp, Charles F., [186], [220].
Cuba, insurrections in, [258];
revolutionary government in New York, [260];
number of Spanish troops in, [260];
filibustering parties, [261];
Congress favors recognition of belligerency, [262];
autonomy proposed, [263];
Congress recognizes independence of, [264];
blockaded, [267], [268];
freed from Spain, [273];
sanitary improvement in, [282];
adopts a constitution, [282];
makes reciprocity treaty with United States, [283].
Cullom, Shelby M., [158], [221].
Cummins, Gov. Albert B., [303];
leader of Insurgent Republicans, [329].
Curtis, George William, leader in civil-service reform, [112], [128];
a Mugwump, [129].
Custer, Gen. George A., [86].
Czar of Russia, calls conference on disarmament, [283].
Dakota Territory, [21];
made into two States, [152].
Darwin, Charles, his influence on religious thought, [190].
Davenport, Homer C., [252].

Davis, Judge David, [109].
Davis, Henry G., [306].
Davis, Jefferson, [83], [106].
Dawes Act, the, awarding lands to Indians in severalty, [142], [151], [319].
Day, William R., [253], [273].
Debs, Eugene V., [222];
Social Democratic candidate for President, [301], [338].
De Lesseps, Ferdinand M., [144].
DeLome, Señor, criticizes McKinley, [263], [264].
Democratic party, the, differences in, during the Civil War, [2], [3];
Chicago convention (1864), [4], [5];
nominates Seymour (1868), [31];
gains control of readmitted Southern States, [52], [54];
nominates Greeley (1872), [57];
weakened by its past, [79];
nominates Tilden (1876), [80], [81];
gets plurality of popular vote, [83];
gains control of the House (1874), [87];
nominates Hancock (1880), [99];
gains the Senate (1878), [108];
loses the House (1880), [108];
regains it (1882), [117];
elects Cleveland (1884), [130]-133;
on tariff revision, [138], [220], [221];
resists demands for statehood, [152];
casts plurality of votes in 1888, but loses all branches of government, [171];
regains the House (1890), [186];
reëlects Cleveland and wins the Senate (1892), [215];
split by free silver and tariff questions, [228], [229], [232];
loses both Senate and House (1894), [229];
nominates Bryan on free-silver platform (1896), [237];
denounces imperialism and renominates Bryan (1900), [279];
nominates Parker on conservative platform (1904), [305], [306];
nominates Bryan for third time (1908), [325];
regains the House (1910), [329], [330];
elects Wilson (1912), [337], [338].
Department of Agriculture, [142], [157].
Department of Commerce and Labor, [122], [302].
Dependent Pension Act, [174].
Dewey, Commodore George, [265];
destroys Spanish fleet at Manila, [267].
Diaz, Porfirio, expelled from Mexico, [331].
Dingley, Nelson, [253], [254].
Dingley Bill, the, [254], [255], [303], [304].
Dollar diplomacy, [331].
Donnelly, Ignatius, [209].
Dorsey, Senator Stephen W., in star route frauds, [104], [127].
Du Bois, W.E.B., [202].
Eads, James B., [206].
Eaton, Dorman B., [113].
Edmunds, George F., [99], [128].
Education Board, General, incorporated by Congress, [201].
Educational Board, Southern, organized, [201].
Egan, Patrick, Minister to Chile, [212], [213].
Eight-hour day, [135], [136].
Electoral Commission, the, [84].
Eliot, Charles W., [60].
Elkins, Stephen B., [127], [128].
English, William H., [99].
Equitable Life Insurance Company, investigation of, [312].
Factories, American, growth of, [14], [15], [16];
influenced by inventions, [95].
Fairbanks, Charles W., Vice-President with Roosevelt, [305].
Farmers, condition of, in North and South, contrasted, [178];
discontent keenest in West, [179];
experimental, [180];
demand cheaper money, [181];
desire coöperation, [182];
believe charges against both political parties, [185];
value of vote of dissatisfied, [193].
Farmers' Alliance, the, in South and West, [183], [184], [192], [193];
undermines Republicans in West, [185];
attempts union with Knights of Labor, [186], [187];
splits white vote in the South, [192], [193], [196];
used to express Southern discontent, [195];
holds national convention at St. Louis, [208];
merged in People's Party, [209].
Farms, American, size of, [40], [41], [95];
increase in number, [149], [150];
decrease in size of Southern, [194];

number of, [194].
Farragut, Admiral David G., [5].
Fava, Baron, Italian Minister at Washington, [213].
Federal Reserve Act, [339].
Federal Trade Commission, [339].
Field, James G., [211].
Fisk, James, Jr., [60].
Folger, Charles J., [127].
Folk, Joseph W., [311].
Force Bill, the, [200], [201].
Ford, Paul Leicester, The Honorable Peter Stirling, [132].
Ford, Worthington C., [254].
Forestry service, [328].
Free lands, disappearance of, marks new period, [154], [155].
Free passes, on interstate railroads, forbidden by law, [313].
Free silver, demanded by Populists, [209], [210];
agitation for, [226], [228];
textbook of, [229];
fight for, in Republican convention (1896), [234], [235];
demanded by Democratic convention, [236].
Freedmen's Bureau, [34], [201];
work of, [42], [43], [45].
Frelinghuysen, Frederick T., [106], [109], [134].
Frémont, John C., candidate for the Presidency, [3], [4];
arrested in France, [60];
charged with land frauds, [60], [61].
"Frenzied finance," [310].
Frick, Henry C., [299].
"Full dinner pail, the," [280].
Gage, Lyman J., [253].
Garfield, James A., nominated for Presidency (1880), [99];
forged letters against, [101], [104], [105], [122];
sketch of, [101];
his Cabinet, [102];
trouble with Conkling, [103];
death of, [105], [108];
and the Panama Canal, [144].
Garland, Augustus H., [133].
George, Henry, [188].
Georgia, difficulties with Congress, [47], [48].
Gilman, Daniel Coit, [60].
Gladden, Washington, [310].
Gladstone, William E., [189].
Godkin, Edwin L., editor of the Nation, [59], [67], [85];
and civil service reform, [112].
Goethals, Major George W., engineer of Canal Zone, [317].
Gold, at a premium, [27];
hoarded, [218];
great increase in production of, [241].
Gold dollar, ratio to silver, [9];
value in greenbacks, [10], [29].
Gorgas, Col. William C., chief sanitary officer of Canal Zone, [317].
Gould, Jay, [60], [294].
Grand Army of the Republic, used for procuring pensions, [136], [137].
Grandfather clause, the, [200].
Granger Laws, the, [68], [70], [157];
constitutionality of, [71], [72].
Granger movement, the, [67], [68], [183];
relations with the panic of 1873, [72];
doctrine established by, [157].
Grant, Ulysses S., the coveted candidate of both parties, [36];
general rejoicing in his election, [37];
inaugurated in 1869, [46];
his first term ends unsatisfactorily, [55];
success with the Alabama claims, [55], [56];
renominated, [57];
various unsavory episodes of his years as President, [60], [62];
vetoes the Inflation Bill, [66];
reëlection of (1872), [75];
receives scanty support for a third term, [81], [98], [99];
and civil service reform, [112].
Greeley, Horace, nominated for President by Liberal Republicans, [56];
a quaint political figure, [57];
quoted, [89].
Greenback movement, the, advocates of, [30], [65], [66];
Eastern opinion of, contrasted with Western, [68];
and silver inflation, [88], [180], [181].
Greenbacks, [9];
value of, [10];
depreciation of, [27];
withdrawal of, [28];
further retirement of, forbidden by law, [30];
rising in value, [65];
issued during panic of 1873, [66].
Guam, ceded to United States, [273].
Guiteau, William B., [105].
Hadley, Pres. Arthur T., [310].
Hague, the, court of arbitration at, [283];
Venezuelan claims referred to, [284];
second conference, [318].
Hancock, Gen. Winfield Scott, [80], [99], [100], [101].
Hanna, Marcus Alonzo, raises funds for Republicans, [102], [233], [238], [239];
appointed Senator, [252];
helps settle coal strike, [300], [302];
grows in popularity, [302], [303];
death, [304].
Harmon, Gov. Judson, [336].
Harriman, Edward H., [294], [295].
Harrison, Benjamin, nominated for Presidency, [169];
elected as a minority President, [171], [211];
friction with Chile, [212], [213];
renominated, [214];
defeated, [215], [216].
Hawaiian Islands, [273], [274], [278].
Hay, John, on McKinley, [251];
Secretary of State, [273], [282];
career of, [281].
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, for Isthmian canal, [286], [287].
Hayes, Rutherford B., receives nomination for President, [82];
difficulties of his election, [83], [84];
alienates many Republicans by his attitude toward the South, [85];
his troubles with Democratic congress, [87];
removes Chester A. Arthur from office, [87], [98], [103];
financial policy of his administration, [89], [90];
a new period of growth begun during his term of office, [90], [92];
end of his term, [97], [102];
and the Panama Canal, [144];
becomes head of Slater fund, [201].
Hearst, William R., [305], [312].
Hendricks, Thomas A., candidate for Vice-President, [80], [81], [131].
Hepburn Railway Bill, the, [315].
Hill, Gov. David B., [214], [215], [248].
Hill, James J., [295], [296].
Hobart, Garrett P., Vice-President with McKinley, [234];
dies in office, [280].
Homestead Act, the, [21], [155].
Hopkins, Johns, [60].
Howells, William Dean, [188].
Huerta, Victoriano, President of Mexico, [340].
Hughes, Charles E., exposes wrongdoing of insurance companies, [312];
mentioned for Presidency, [324].
Hull House, [251].
Humphreys, Benjamin G., [46].
Husbandry, Patrons of, [193].
Idaho, becomes a Territory, [21];
admitted to the Union, [152].
Immigration movement, the, influences of, [123], [124].
Income tax, [221], [327], [338].

Indians, removal of, [22], [25];
outbreaks of, [25], [86];
Dawes Bill, [142], [151], [319].
Industrial Commission, [298].
Industrial consolidation, evolves new type of trust, [297], [299].
Industrial revival, after 1897, [293], [294].
Industrial revolution, effects of, [95].
Inflation Bill, the, [66].
Ingersoll, Robert G., quoted, [92].
Initiative and referendum, [249], [250].
Interstate Commerce Act, the, [142], [158], [159];
commission created, [159], [160];
influence of rebate system on, [165];
had little immediate effect, [180];
an imperfect statute, [314];
strengthened by Congress, [315], [330].
Irons, Martin, [135].
Irrigation, [142], [291].
Italians, lynched in New Orleans, [213].
Jackson, Andrew, [8], [111].
James, Thomas L., [102], [103], [104].
Japan, at war with Russia, [317].
Johnson, Andrew, candidate for the Vice-Presidency, [4];
becomes President upon death of Lincoln, [32];
opposition of Congress to, [33], [34];
impeached by House, [35];
acquitted, [36];
vetoes arbitrary acts of Congress, [48].
Johnson, Gov. Hiram, [337].
Johnson, Reverdy, [55].
Journalism, expansion of, [162];
reorganized in the later nineties, [311].
Kansas City, important as meeting place of railways, [150], [151].
Kearney, Dennis, [94], [124].
Keifer, J. Warren, [108].
Kelly, John, [131].
Kerr, Michael C., [108].
Kipling, Rudyard, The White Man's Burden, [274].
Knickerbocker Trust Company, suspension of, [322].
[ Knights of Labor], secret society in the East, [94];
meet with disfavor, [121];
demands of, [122];
fight the Gould railways, [135];
success of, [183];
union with Farmers' Alliance, [186], [187];
in Pullman strike, [222].
Knox, Philander C., [296], [320], [331].
Ku-Klux Klan, the, [52].
Labor, tariff supposed to protect, [119];
Commissioner of, [122];
Bureau of, [135];
danger from European pauper, [139];
becomes better united, [299].
See also [Knights of Labor],[ Strikes].
La Follette, Robert M., defeated for Congress, [185];
works out a system of primaries, [249];
in the Senate debate on railroads, [315];
leader of Insurgent Republicans, [329];
possible Presidential candidate, [330], [335], [336].
Lamar, L.Q.C., [133].
Land grants, to railroads, [22], [148], [156];
discontinued, [143].
Land laws, difficulty in enforcing, [155], [156].
Lawson. Thomas W., [310].
Lawton, Gen. Henry W., [271].
Liberal Republicans, secede in 1872 and nominate Greeley and Brown, [56];
platform of, [56], [57];
in Garfield's administration, [102];
favor civil service reform and tariff revision, [112], [116], [126];
put Edmunds forward for Presidential candidate (1884), [128].
Lincoln, Abraham, his view in regard to the spoils system, [2];
aims to develop a Union sentiment, [2], [3];
aided by excesses of Democrats, [4], [5];
his use of offices, [111], [112].
Literature in United States, [187], [188];
periodical, [189], [190];
religious, [190].
Lloyd, Henry D., [116], [166], [167].
Lodge, Henry Cabot, as an independent, [128];
supports Blaine, [130];
approves the Force Bill, [200], [201].
Logan, John A., [128].
Lorimer, William, [330].
Lowell, James Russell, quoted, [54], [59];
on Cleveland, [134].
McClellan, Gen. George B., [3], [5].
McClure, S.S., [311].
McCulloch, Hugh, [28], [29].
McEnery, Samuel D., [254].
McKinley, William, his Tariff Bill, [172], [173], [174], [175];
accepts principle of reciprocity, [175];
defeated for Congress, [185];
Governor of Ohio, [214];
"advance agent of prosperity," [232], [241];
a tactful Congressman, [233];
nominated for President (1896), [234];
makes no personal campaign, [239];
elected, [240];
his election a victory for sound money, [241];
calls special session of Congress for new tariff, [242];
inaugurated as President, [251];
his theory of the office, [252];
action in the Cuban matter, [262], [264];
reëlected President, [280];
murdered, [282].
McKinley Bill, the, [173], [174], [215], [216];
sugar clause a notable feature of, [175];
opposition to, [184].
MacVeagh, Wayne, [102].
Machinery, influence of, [15], [16], [95].
Mahone, William, [109].
Maine, the, blown up in Havana harbor, [264].
Marshall, Thomas R., nominated by Democrats for Vice-Presidency, [337].
Merritt, Gen. Wesley, [267].
Mexico, revolutions in, [331], [340].
Miles, Gen. Nelson A., on the results of drought, [182];
commander of army in Spanish War, [269];
invades Porto Rico, [272].
Mills, Roger Q., tariff leader, [139].
Mills Bill, the, [139], [140], [169], [170].
Mining camps, rapid development of, [20], [21], [22].
Mississippi, the process of reconstruction in, [46], [47];
disqualifies negroes, [198], [199].
Mississippi River Commission, [206].
Mitchell, John, [300].
"Molly Maguires," [94], [121].
Monroe Doctrine, in Venezuela case, [230], [231], [284].
Montana, created a Territory, [21];
becomes a State, [152].
Morgan, J. Pierpont, [295], [321].
Mormons, [20];
make a prosperous Territory in Utah, [154].
Morton, Levi P., Vice-President with Harrison, [169].
Morton, Oliver P., war Governor of Indiana, [81].
Muck-raking, [315], [316].
Mugwumps, [129], [130].
Mulligan letters, the, [82].
Murchison letter, the, [170], [171].
Nast, Thomas, cartoonist, [50], [57], [86], [132].
National Labor Union, [208].
National Planters' Association, [203].
Navy, of the United States, at outbreak of Spanish War, [265];
sent round the world without mishap, [319].
Negro, the, would not work at close of war, [40];
a social and economic problem, [41], [42];
made a voter by Congress, [43], [45], [48];
elimination of control by, [51], [52], [54];
a factor in Republican national convention, [98], [99];
becomes a farm owner, [194];
suppressed outside the law, [196];
bad qualities of, [198];
practically disfranchised in South, [199], [200];
advances in literacy, [202];
distribution of, [202], [203];
Roosevelt's attitude toward, [289], [290].
Newlands Reclamation Act, [291].
New Mexico, [152], [154];
becomes a State, [330].
[New South], the, has but one political party of consequence, [192];
dissatisfied farmer vote in, [193];
disintegration of plantations, [194];
oppressed by its agricultural system, [195];
practically disfranchises negroes, [196]-200;
education in, [201], [202];
border traits of, [202];
a modern industrial community, [203];
development of cities, [205].
Nez Percés, outbreak of, [86].
Nicaragua Canal,

[134], [286].
North, S.N.D., and the Dingley Bill, [254].
North Dakota, admitted to Union, [152].
Northern Pacific Railroad, [143], [295];
and panic of 1873, [63], [65];
finished under direction of Henry Villard, [144].
Northern Securities Company, [296], [299].
Oklahoma, Indians colonized in, [151];
opened to white settlers, [151];
becomes a State, [319].
Olney, Richard, [230], [231].
Oregon, the, spectacular voyage of, [274], [286].
Overproduction, menace of, [96].
Palmer, John M., [238].
Panama, Republic of, [288].
Panama Canal, begun by De Lesseps, [144], [286];
determined on by Congress and President Roosevelt, [287], [288];
Panama grants concession, [289];
first boats pass through, [289];
dispute over sea-level and lock systems, [316]-17.
Pan-American Conference at Rio de Janeiro, [318].
Pan-American Congress, [106], [109].
Panic of 1857, the, [6], [7], [9], [11], [12].
Panic of 1873, the, [62]-74;
Jay Cooke's connection with, [62]-65;
real causes of, [64], [65];
reduces revenues, [115];
often attributed to low rates of Wilson Bill, [254].
Parker, Judge Alton B., Democratic candidate for President (1904), [305];
defeated, [306].
Payne, Sereno E., [326].
Peabody, George, creates fund to relieve negro illiteracy, [201].
Pendleton, George H., [30], [31].
Penrose, Boies, [253], [342].
Pension Bureau, [137];
important through alliance with the soldiers, [172].
Pensions, influence of soldier vote on, [136];
for service only, [137];
amounts spent on, [137], [138];
system criticized by Southern farmers, [178];
used millions of the national surplus, [216].
People's Party. [184];
to right all wrongs of the plain people, [186], [187];
becomes a finished organization, [208], [209];
demands of, [210].
Petroleum trust, [164],[ 165.]
Philippine Islands, ceded to United States, [273];
revolt in, under Aguinaldo, [278].
Pierpont, Francis A., [47].
Pike, James S., author of The Prostrate State, [51].
Pinchot, Gifford, [328].

Pious Fund dispute, the, [283].
Platt, Thomas C., resigns from Senate, [103];
claims promise of Secretaryship under Harrison, [172];
offended by Harrison, [213];
Senator from New York, [253];
opposes nomination of Roosevelt for governor, [277];
aids Roosevelt boom for Vice-Presidency, [280].
Polygamy, in Utah, [154].
Populism, origin of, [208].
Populists, demands of, [210];
carry four States in Presidential election (1892), [216];
caricatures of, [223];
fuse with Democrats, [237], [238];
favor direct legislation, [249], [250].
Porto Rico, invaded by United States troops, [272];
ceded to United States, [273];
Territorial government provided, [278].
Post-office, the, corruption in, [103], [104], [105], [113], [114].
Potter, Bishop Henry C., [246].
Powderly, Terence V., [121], [122], [135].
Practical politics, [110].
Preëmption Law, the, [21], [155], [156].
Presidential Succession Act, [105].
Primaries, direct, [249], [335].
Progressive Republicans, revolt, [329];
organize a League, [330];
principles of, [333];
oppose renomination of Taft, [334];
urge Roosevelt to run, [335];
organize Progressive Party, [336];
nominate Roosevelt and Johnson, [337];
popular vote of, [338];
influence negligible in 1914, [342].
Protection, in Republican platform (1888), [170], [171];
earnestly discussed by both parties, [170];
enlarged by McKinley Bill, [174], [176];
of unborn industries, [175];
strongest in East, [177];
rampant spirit for, in 1897, [254].
Pure food movement, [313], [314], [328].
Quay, Matthew S., chairman of Harrison campaign committee, [170], [171], [174];
offended by Harrison, [213];
completes partnership of manufacturers and voters, [232];
selects Penrose for Senator, [253].
Railroads, development of, [10], [12], [68], [69], [92], [93];
importance of, [16], [69];
land grants to, [22], [148];
continental, [22], [25], [26], [143], [144], [145];
hostility of the Grange, [68], [70];
rate laws, [71], [72];
agree upon standard time, [148];
encourage immigration and colonization, [148], [149];
regarded as quasi-public, [157], [159];
national control of, [158];
bargaining in rates, [165];
and the Sherman Anti-Trust Law, [173];
promote new settlements, [179];
in the South after the Civil War, [204];
controlled by a few men, [294].
Rainfall, importance of, [150], [179], [180], [182], [186].
Randall, Samuel J., [108], [138].
Rebates, railroad, forbidden by Elkins Law, [296].
Reciprocity, favorite scheme of Blaine, [175].
Reclamation of arid lands of the Southwest, [290], [291], [320].
Reconstruction, an inappropriate name for what took place, [39];
no constitutional theory adequate to meet problems of, [44];
must be judged by results, [44], [45];
completion of, in formal sense, [46];
not far advanced by 1870, [49];
dominant type of leaders, [78];
political superseded by constitutional, [85].
Reconstruction Acts of 1867, the, [43], [45], [47].

Reconstruction Governments, evils of, [50], [51], [61].
Reed, Thomas B., [172], [229], [240].
Referendum and initiative, [249], [250], [333], [334].
Regan, John H., [193].
Reid, Whitelaw, [56], [130].
Republican party, the, during the Civil War, [1], [2];
called itself Union, [4], [32];
paid for its disguise, [32];
in the South after 1876, [54];
new men in control, [78], [79];
regains control of the House (1880), [108];
but loses it again (1882), [117];
dissensions in, [128];
defeated in 1884, [133];
elects President and majority in both houses in 1888, [171];
suffers a landslide (1890), [185], [186];
regains control of Senate and House, (1894), [229];
platform in 1896, [234];
dominates every branch of National Government for fourteen years, [244];
the party of organized business, [252];
approves the Spanish War, [279];
elects Taft President (1908), [324], [325];
revises tariff, [326], [327];
dissatisfaction in, [327], [328];
loses the House (1910), [329];
renominates Taft (1912), [336].
Revels, Hiram R., negro Senator from Mississippi, [47].
River and Harbor Bill, [117].
Rockefeller, John D., gains chief control of petroleum traffic, [165], [166];
aids cause of education in South, [201];
methods of, [310], [321].
Roosevelt, Theodore, [128];
steps out of Blaine campaign, [130];
Assistant Secretary of the Navy, [265], [277];
raises a regiment for Spanish War, [266];
in Cuba, [270];
early public career of, [276];
Governor of New York, [277];
a reformer of a new type, [277];
Vice-President with McKinley, [280];
succeeds to Presidency, [282];
and the Hague Court, [283], [284];
activity in securing Panama Canal, [286], [288];
questionable course toward Colombia, [286], [288];
attitude toward negroes, [289], [290];
widely popular, [291];
disliked by professional politicians, [291];
dissolves Northern Securities Company, [296], [299];
settles coal strike, [300];
alienates party leaders, [302];
wants nomination on his own account, [303];
tries to modify Dingley Tariff, [304];
nominated for President, [305];
and elected, [306];
declares he will not accept another nomination, [307];
goes outside of United States territory, [316]-17;
receives the Nobel prize, [317];
promotes second Hague Conference, [318];
sends navy round the world, [319];
holds conference of state governors at White House, [320];
called "Theodore the Meddler," [322];
his policies those of the people, [323];
secures nomination of Taft for Presidency, [324], [325];
goes to Africa, [329];
formulates New Nationalism, [333];
defeated in Republican convention, [336];
nominated by Progressives, [337].
Root, Elihu, becomes Secretary of War, [274], [281];
Secretary of State, [318];
mentioned for Presidency, [324];
presides over Chicago convention, [336].
Rough Riders, the, [266], [270], [277].
"Rum, Romanism, and rebellion," [133].
Rusk, Jeremiah M., [136], [157].
Russia, at war with Japan, [317].
Sackville-West, Sir Lionel, [170].
Salary grab, in Congress, [62].

Salisbury, Lord, in Venezuela case, [230], [231].
Sampson, Capt. William T., in blockade of Cuba, [265], [268], [269], [270], [272].
Schenck, Robert C., [55], [61].
Schley, Commodore Winfield Scott, in blockade of Cuba, [265], [268], [269], [272].
Schurz, Carl, leader of the Liberal Republicans, [56];
introduces merit system, [86];
reorganizes the Indian service, [86], [87];
supports civil service reform, [112], [113];
an anti-imperialist, [278].
Seal fisheries, [212].
Sewall, Arthur, [237].
Seymour, Horatio, [4];
nominated for Presidency, [31];
loyalty above question, [79].
Shafter, Gen. William R., [269], [270].
Sherman, James S., nominated for Vice-Presidency, [325], [336].
Sherman, John, Senator from Ohio, [66];
Secretary of the Treasury, [89];
proposed for the Presidency, [98], [99], [128];
Secretary of State, [253].
Sherman, Gen. William T., [5].
Sherman Anti-Trust Law, the, enacted, [172], [173], [293];
enforced under Roosevelt, [320], [321].
Sherman Silver Purchase Bill, [174], [218], [219], [220].
Silver, fall in value of, [88], [228];
free coinage demanded, [181], [182];
mines, output of, [181];
coinage of, [217];
demonetization of, called a crime, [225].
Sinclair, Upton, [311].
Slater, John F., creates fund for education of negro, [201].
Social Democratic party, [301].
Socialist Labor party, [301], [338].
South, the, before the war, [11], [12];
price of its attempt at independence, [39];
stubbornness of, [40];
decrease in size of farms, [40], [41];
government of, by army, [42];
divided into five military districts, [43];
new constitutions of its States, [46];
readmission to Union, [47], [49];
repudiation of debts, [51];
normal politics Democratic, [52], [54], [79].
See also [New South].
South Dakota, admitted to Union, [152];
first State to adopt initiative and referendum, [250].
Southern Pacific Railroad, [145], [148];
passes into control of Union Pacific, [294], [295];
merger dissolved, [330].
Spain, sends Gen. Weyler to Cuba, [260];
embittered against United States by filibustering parties, [261];
changes of Ministry in, [262];
declines mediation, but recalls Gen. Weyler, [263];
establishes a sort of autonomy for Cuba, [263];
war with United States begun, [264];
loses fleet at Manila, [267];
and another at Santiago, [272];
army at Santiago surrenders, [272];
loses Cuba, Porto Rico, the Philippine Islands, and Guam, [273].
Squatters, [21], [155].
Stalwarts, the, support Conkling against Garfield, [103];
claimed as friends by Guiteau, [105];
relations with Arthur, [109], [126].
Standard Oil Company, the, [166], [167];
suit against, brought by Ohio, [168];
history of, [310];
charges of extorting rebates, [311], [312];
dissolved, [330], [331].
Standard time, adopted by American railroads, [148].
Stanford, Leland, [25].
Stanton, Edwin M., [3], [35].
Star route frauds, [103], [104], [105], [113].

Steel industry, the, [16], [297], [298].
Steffens, Lincoln, [310].
Stevens, Thaddeus, [30], [34].
Stevenson, Adlai E., Vice-President with Cleveland, [215];
nominated with Bryan, [279].
Strathcona, Lord, interested in Canadian railways, [148].
[ Strikes], [121];
Pullman, [222];
at Cripple Creek, [222], [301];
at Homestead, [299];
in Pennsylvania coal fields, [299], [300].
Sumner, Charles, [34], [55].
Surplus, embarrassing, [93], [173];
an incentive to extravagance, [116], [136], [138];
easily relieved, [174];
nearly exhausted, [216].
Taft, William II., decision as Circuit Judge against an industrial combination, [299];
recalled from Philippines to be Secretary of War, [317];
Roosevelt's choice for Presidency, [324];
nominated and elected (1908), [325];
urges tariff revision, [326], [327];
alienates some of the Republican lenders, [327], [328];
in the Pinchot-Ballinger dispute, [328], [329];
pushes anti-trust suits, [330], [331];
extends civil service, [331];
negotiates arbitration treaties with Great Britain and France, [331], [332];
renominated (1912), [336];
badly defeated, [338].
Tanner, James ("Corporal"), [172].
Tarbell, Ida M., writes history of Standard Oil Company, [309], [310].
Tariff, the favorite national tax, [6], [7];
basis of the rate of, [7];
at the end of the war, [8];

different views of, [97];
influence of, in Presidential campaigns, [100];
revision of, [114], [116], [117];
as a source of revenue, [114], [115];
attacks upon, [115], [116];
commission created to investigate needs of, [117], [118];
difficulties of constructing, [118], [119], [140];
revision demanded, [169];
McKinley Bill, [172]-75;
opposition to the new law, [184];
a factor in political landslide of 1890, [186];
McKinley Bill in danger, [215];
tariff for revenue the winning issue in 1890 and 1892, [220];
financial interest of manufacturers in, [233];
the Dingley Bill, [253], [254], [255];
the "mother of trusts," [303];
revised by Republicans, [326], [327];
reduced by Democrats, [339].
Taxes, as means of raising money, [6], [114], [115];
authorized more reluctantly than loans, [6];
often revised and increased, [7];
difficulties of Congress with, [115].
Taylor, Hannis, [262].
Tennessee, readmitted to the Union, [45];
escapes negro domination, [54].
Tenure-of-Office Act, [34], [35].
Texas, readmitted to Union, [47];
through change in, after the Civil War, [204], [205].
Thurman, Allen G., [170].
Tilden, Samuel J., prosecutes the Tweed ring, [80];
Democratic candidate for President in 1876, [80], [81];
doubtful result of the election, [83], [84];
unwilling to run in 1880, [99].
Timber Culture Laws, [155].
Tobacco Trust, [330], [331].
Transportation, a fundamental factor, [162];
creates new standards of living, [162], [163];
relation to the trusts, [164], [165];
vital to frontier life, [180].
Treves, Sir Frederick, praises work in Canal Zone, [317].
Trusts, formation of, [163], [164];
logical outcome of, [164];
influence of transportation, [164], [165];
whiskey and sugar, [166];
evils of, social or political, [167];
difficulty of regulating, [168];
investigation ordered, [169];
the aim of, [297];
Chicago conference on, [298];
and strikes, [299], [300];
not all "bad," [302];
tariff the mother of, [303];
the menace of, [309];
prosecution of, [320], [321].
Tweed, William M., [50], [60].
Underwood, Oscar W., [329], [330], [336].
Union League, of freedmen, [45].
Union Pacific Railroad, building of, [22], [25];
celebration of completion, [25];
scandals of, [61];
extended to Denver, [74];
a national project, [142], [143];
extended to the Gulf and into Oregon, [145];
reconstructed by Harriman, [294].
United Mine Workers of America, [300].
United States Steel Corporation, [297], [298].
Utah, polygamy in, [154];
admitted to the Union, [240], [290].
Vallandigham, Clement L., [4].
Venezuela, boundary dispute with Great Britain, [230]-32;
before the Hague Court, [284].
Villard, Henry, [144], [145].
Virginia, readmitted to Union, [47].
Waite, Gov. Davis H., [222], [228].
Wanamaker, John, [172], [253].
Washington, becomes a State, [152].
Washington, Booker T., [202], [290].
Watson, Thomas E., [193], [238].
Watterson, Henry, [56].
Weaver, James B., Greenback-Labor candidate for the Presidency, [101];
leader in the People's Party, [209];
Presidential candidate, [211], [216].
Wells, David A., [116].
Western Federation of Miners, in Cripple Creek strike, [301].
Weyler, Gen. Valeriano, [260], [261], [263].
Wheeler, William A., Vice-President with Hayes, [83].
Whiskey Ring, the, [62], [81].
Whiskey and Sugar Trusts, [166].
Wiley, Dr. Harvey, [314], [328].
Wilson, Henry, Vice-President in Grant's second term, [57].
Wilson, James, [314], [328].
Wilson, William L., [215];
leader in tariff revision, [139], [220], [221];
on free silver, [229].
Wilson, Woodrow, career of, [336], [337];
nominated by Democrats for Presidency, [337];
elected, [338];
delivers message to Congress in person, [339];
a coercive leader, [339];
attitude toward Mexico, [340];
neutrality in European war, [341], [342].
Windom, William L., [102], [172].
Woman suffrage, adopted by several States, [250], [334].
Wood, Gen. Leonard, [270], [282].
Woodford, Gen. Stewart L., Minister to Spain, [262], [263].
Wright, Carroll D., Commissioner of Labor, [122].
Wyoming, made a Territory, [149];
a State, [152], [250].
Yellow fever, suppressed in Cuba, [282].