| King of Scotland | 1000 | cows | = | 3000 | ores |
| King’s son and comes (earl) | 140 | cows | = | 420 | ” |
| Comes’ son and thane | 100 | cows | = | 300 | ” |
| Thane’s son | 66⅔ | cows | = | 200 | ” |
| Thane’s grandson or ogthiern | 44 | cows & 21d. and ⅔d. | |||
| All lower in parentela or kin and rustics | 16 | cows | |||
Thane’s wergeld 100 cows.
The cro and galnes seem to be substantially the same thing as the wergeld. The word ‘cro’ is of uncertain meaning. The ‘cro’ of the Brehon laws is translated ‘property.’ It seems also to have had the meaning of ‘death.’ The word ‘galnes’ can hardly be other than the Welsh galanas or wergeld. Whether the phrase ‘cro and galnes’ means two things or one thing, and if two things, what the distinction between them was, it is not easy to see. But evidently the two together made a single payment for each grade of rank. The payments, moreover, are expressed in cows as well as in ores and pence, and the payment of 100 cows seems to mark the thane as the typical and complete tribesman.
The two explanatory clauses introduce a third element, the ‘enach.’
The Cro of a woman having a husband is one third less than the husband’s cro, and if no husband she has the same cro as her brother.
The Cro and the galnys and the enach of every man are alike, that is to say in respect of the enach of their wives [i.e. one third less than the husband’s].
The enach, as already said, seems to be the honour-price of the Brehon law. We have seen that, according to the Scotch addition and Glanville’s clause, if a slave was injured by his master, he was to be set free and his freedom was to be in the place of any other ‘enach.’ This accords well with the Irish enec-lann and the Welsh saraad and the Norse rett, all of which referred to insult rather than bodily injury.
Payments for breach of peace of various persons.
The next clause relates to homicide ‘in pace regis’ or of other lords. We have already seen that in the laws of King David the manbote or payment to the king for breach of his peace, or for crime committed in his grith or precinct, was a thing distinct from the satisfaction to be made to the kin of the person slain ‘according to the assize of the Kynrik.’ In these early laws the payment for slaying a man in the king’s peace was, according to the corrected text, 180 cows. In the following clauses 180 cows are again the payment for breach of the king’s peace, but there are payments also for breach of the peace of other classes.
De occisis in pace regis.