[54] i. p. 271.

[55] i. p. 565.

[56] English Village Community, c. ix.

[57] For details and references to the Codes I must refer the reader to Chap. V. of The Tribal System in Wales.

[58] [See infra, p. 319.]

[59] In the quotation of passages from Beowulf I have mostly followed Professor Earle’s translations.

[60] See Structure of Greek Tribal Society, by H. E. Seebohm, chap. ii.

[61] Nefan cannot mean son or grandson, for Hygelac was his father and his grandfather was Hrethel.

[62] The references in this chapter are to the four volumes of The Ancient Laws of Ireland. I regret very much not to have had the advantage of vol. v. edited by Dr. Atkinson and not yet published, but I am greatly indebted to him for his kind help and advice on many difficult points.

[63] iv. p. 259. This passage is abridged.