[91] Hist. Eng. Law, ii. 457.
[92] See the Bath manumissions, Kemble, Saxons, i. 507 ff. Sometimes a pound or a half-pound is paid.
[93] D. B. i. 26.
[94] Chron. Petrob. 163.
[95] D. B. i. 105 b, Devon: ‘Rolf tenet de B[alduino Boslie ... Terra est 8 carucis. In dominio est 1 caruca et dimidia et 7 servi cum 1 caruca.’ D. B. iv. 265: ‘Balduinus habet 1 mansionem quae vocatur Bosleia ... hanc possunt arare 8 carrucae et modo tenet eam Roffus de Balduino. Inde habet R. 1 ferdinum et 1 carrucam et dimidiam in dominio et villani tenent aliam terram et habent ibi 1 carrucam. Ibi habet R. 7 servos.’ In the Exeter record these seven serfs seem to get reckoned as being both servi and villani. So in the account of Rentis, D. B. iv. 204–5, the lord is said to have one quarter of the arable in demesne and two oxen, while the villani are said to have the rest of the arable and one team; but the only villani are 8 coliberti and 4 servi.
[96] See last note.
[97] Ellis, Introduction, ii. 504–6.
[98] See, for example, the following Herefordshire entry, D. B. i. 180 b: ‘In dominio sunt 2 carucae et 4 villani et 8 bordarii et prepositus et bedellus. Inter omnes habent 4 carucas. Ibi 8 inter servos et ancillas et vaccarius et daia.’
[99] Mr Round has drawn attention to the great increase of bordarii: Antiquary (1882) vi. 9. In the second of our two experiments the cases were taken from the royal demesne and the lands of the churches. The surveys of Norfolk and Suffolk profess to enumerate the various classes of peasants T. R. E.; but commonly each entry reports that there has been no change. Without saying that we disbelieve these reports, we nevertheless may say that a verdict which asserts that things have always (semper) been as they now are may easily be the outcome of nescience.
[100] Hist. Eng. Law, i. 53–4.