To them, and to the silent companions of my voyages and excursions, drawn from the musty shelves of the library, and frequently exposed to peril “by flood and field,” I would herewith express my heartfelt thanks.
F. A. O.
Washington, D. C., February, 1899.
CONTENTS.
| CHAPTER | PAGE | |
| I. | —Ancient Iberia | [1] |
| II. | —Phœnicians and Carthaginians | [6] |
| III. | —Spain a Roman province | [13] |
| IV. | —A kingdom of the Goths | [25] |
| V. | —The invasion from Africa | [36] |
| VI. | —The Western Califate | [45] |
| VII. | —Spain’s heroic age | [54] |
| VIII. | —Decline of the Moors | [63] |
| IX. | —Kings of Castile and Aragon | [72] |
| X. | —Ferdinand and Isabella | [82] |
| XI. | —How the Moors were subjugated | [92] |
| XII. | —The fall of Granada | [106] |
| XIII. | —A memorable reign | [113] |
| XIV. | —When Spain was great | [123] |
| XV. | —Charles I and Philip II | [133] |
| XVI. | —Spain’s religious wars | [142] |
| XVII. | —The seventeenth century | [154] |
| XVIII. | —The house of Bourbon | [165] |
| XIX. | —Charles IV and Bonaparte | [176] |
| XX. | —The reign of Ferdinand VII | [187] |
| XXI. | —Isabella II and the Carlists | [194] |
| XXII. | —From Isabella II to Alfonso XIII | [203] |
| XXIII. | —Spain and her colonies | [212] |
| XXIV. | —Cuba’s fight for freedom | [222] |
| XXV. | —War with the United States | [234] |
| XXVI. | —Spain at the close of the war | [255] |
| XXVII. | —The treaty of peace | [266] |
| Index | [279] |
