Pleistocene and Holocene.—Von Haast, J. Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. IV., 1872, pp. 192-196; and vol. VI. 1874, pp. 62-75 (Harpagornis). Owen, R. Memoirs on the Extinct Wingless Birds of New Zealand, London, 1879, 2 vols. De Vis, C. W. Proc. R. Soc. Queensland, vol. VI. pt. I. 1889, pp. 6-8. Id., Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. III. ser. 2, 1888, pp. 1277-1292, pls. XXXIII.-XXXVI. (Carinatae). Etheridge, R. jnr. Rec. Geol. Surv. New South Wales, vol. I. pt. 2, 1889, pp. 126-136, pls. XI.-XIII. (Dromornis). Id., Geol. and Pal. Queensland, 1892, pp. 653-663. Hutton, F. W. Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. XXIV. 1892, pp. 93-172 (Moas). Id., ibid., vol. XXV. 1893, pp. 14-16, 1 pl. (Anomalopteryx). Id., ibid., vol. XXIX. 1897, pp. 441-557, figs. (Moas). Id., ibid., vol. XXXVIII. 1906, pp. 66 and 67 (Emeus crassus). Hamilton, A. Ibid, vol. XXVI. 1894, pp. 227-257 (Bibliography of Moas). Ibid, vol. XXX. 1898, pp. 445 and 446 (Euryapteryx). Stirling, E. C. and Zietz, A. H. C. Mem. R. Soc. S. Austr., vol. I. pt. II. 1900, pp. 41-80, pls. XIX.-XXIV. (Genyornis). Spencer, W. B. Vict. Nat. vol. XXIII. 1906, pp. 139 and 140; also Spencer, W. B. and Kershaw, J. A. Mem. Nat. Mus. Melbourne No. 3, 1910, pp. 5-35, pls. I.-VII. (Dromaeus minor).
MAMMALS.
Huxley, T. H. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. XV. 1859, pp. 676-677 (Phocaenopsis). McCoy, F. Prod. Pal. Vict., Dec. I. 1874, pp. 21, 22, pls. III.-V. (Phascolomys). Ibid, Dec. II. 1875, pp. 7-8, pl. XI. and Dec. VI. 1879, pp. 20 and 21, pl. LV. (Squalodon). Ibid, Dec. III. 1876, pp. 7-12, pl. XXI. (Thylacoleo). Ibid, Dec. IV. 1876, pp. 7-11, pl. XXXI.-XXXIII. (Diprotodon). Ibid, Dec. V. 1877, pp. 7-9, pl. XLI. and XLII. (Arctocephalus). Ibid, Dec. VI. 1879, pp. 5-7, pl. LI. (Macropus): pp. 9-11, pl. LI.-LIII. (Procoptodon): pp. 13-17, pl. LIV. (Cetotolithes); pp. 19 and 20, pl. LV. (Physetodon). Ibid, Dec. VII. 1882, pp. 7-10, pl. LX. (Canis dingo): pp. 11-13, pl. LXXII. and LXII. (Sarcophilus): pp. 23-26, pl. LIX. (Ziphius). Owen, R. Extinct Mammals of Australia, London 1877, 2 vols. Hector, J. Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. XIII. 1881, pp. 434-436, 1 pl. (Kekenodon). Lydekker, R. Cat. Foss. Mammalia, Brit. Mus. part V. 1887. Id., Handbook to the Marsupialia, and Monotremata. Allen’s Nat. Library, 1894, pt. III. pp. 249-286. De Vis, C. W. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. VIII. pt. 3, 1883, p. 395 (Sirenian). Id., ibid, vol. X. 1895, pp. 75-133, pls. XIV.-XVIII. (Macropodidae). Id., Proc. R. Soc. Vict., vol. XII. (N.S.), pt. I, 1899, pp. 107-11 (Marsupials). Etheridge, R. jnr. Geol. and Pal. Queensland, 1892, pp. 663-683 (Pleistocene Mammals). Dun, W. S. Rec. Geol. Surv. New South Wales, vol. III. pt. 4, 1893, pp. 120-124, pl. XVI. (Palorchestes). Ibid., vol. IV. pt. 3, 1895, pp. 118-126, pls. XI. and XII. (Monotremes). Stirling, E. C. and Zietz, A. H. C. Mem. Roy. Soc. S. Australia, vol. I. pt. I. 1899 (Descr. of Diprotodon, Manus and Pes.). Spencer, W. B. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, pp. 776-794, pls. XLIX. and L. (Wynyardia). Hall, T. S. Proc. R. Soc. Vict. vol. XXIII. (N.S.), pt. II. 1911, pp. 257-265, pl. XXXVI. (Rev. of Squalodontidae). Spencer, W. B. and Walcott, R. H. Proc. R. Soc. Vict., vol. XXIV. (N.S.), pt. I. 1912, pp. 92-123, pls. XXXVI.-XXIX. (Thylacoleo). Chapman, F. Rec. Geol. Surv. Vict., vol. III. pt. 2, 1912, pp. 236-238, pl. XL. (Scaldicetus). Woods, J. E. T. Geol. Observations in S. Australia, 1862, pp. 329 and 330 (Human Remains): also Krefft, G. Australian Vertebrata, Recent and Fossil, 1867, p. 91; Etheridge, R. jnr. Rec. Geol. Surv. New South Wales, vol. III. pt. 4, 1893, pp. 128-132; Etheridge, R. jnr. and Trickett, O. Ibid., vol. VII. pt. 4, 1904, pp. 325-328.
[APPENDIX.—ON THE COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION OF FOSSILS.]
The tools and other paraphernalia necessary for fossil collecting are fortunately within the reach of all. The principal of these is a geological hammer, preferably with a pick at one end of the head and the opposite end square-faced. The pick end is useful for digging out fossils from soft clays, or for extracting a block of fossils entire. The square end is employed for breaking up the slabs or masses containing fossils. To get good results, much will of course depend upon one’s skill in striking the right face of a block. If bedding planes are present on the lump from which we wish to extract our fossils, it will be well to strike at right angles to these layers in order to split them asunder, thus exposing a shell-layer corresponding to the original surface of the ancient sea-bed upon which the organisms accumulated. In some cases the splitting of fossiliferous rocks may be best carried out with the pick end, provided it be not too sharply curved. The hammer should be faced with steel, for many fossiliferous rocks, especially compact limestones, are apt to severely try the temper of an ill-made tool.
A chisel, of chilled steel, should accompany the hammer, since this is often of the greatest use in working out large fossils, more particularly those that are buried in a cliff or quarry face. The process of extracting difficult specimens should never be hurried, for one often gets surprisingly good results with a little extra care.
A strong pocket knife may be used in trimming specimens and partially cleaning shells that can be safely manipulated on the spot, but the final cleaning should be left until the return home. The knife is also useful for cleaning slates and shales, since the chisel-edge is frequently a trifle too thick for this kind of work.