Drawing 1.
The brakes are used for the purpose of controlling the tow-ropes; they can be fixed by screws into the deck at the most convenient place for command, and, in a properly-constructed vessel, would be worked below the water-line to prevent exposure of the men. They are so arranged as to admit of the tow-rope being quickly veered, and at the same time powerful in bringing the torpedo to the surface when required. Success greatly depends on the skilful handling of these brakes, for in conjunction with the cork buoys they give the operator command of the depth at which the enemy is to be struck. The handles on the leather straps are for the purpose of lifting the strap off the drum when veering suddenly, that there may be no friction to interfere. The handles for winding up would rarely be used in real action, and never should be on when veering. Unless a very high rate of speed is required, one handspike will control the tow-rope; the other strap can be thrown off the drum, and the handspike allowed to lie on the deck ready to be thrown into gear, if necessary. The surface of the drum in contact with the strap should be powdered with rosin to increase the friction. The tow-rope should be so reeled up, that in veering the reel may revolve towards the men at the handspike (see [Plate 2]). The spindle will contain several tow-ropes, that, in the event of one torpedo being cut away, another can be immediately bent.
The brake for small torpedo requires only one drum and handspike. It can be fitted to a steam-launch by placing an extra thwart across near one of the others.
Drawing 2.
The drawing shows a small brake fitted for the electric torpedo, having a hollow central spindle, through which the end of the tow-rope carrying the insulated wire is rove, after passing out at the axle; a swivel connection is made with the battery. The brakes, both large and small, are so made as to ensure durability, they being considered a part of the ship’s furniture.
Brake for safety-key line is a small reel on the same principle. When going a slow speed, it may not be necessary, as the safety-key line can be attended by hand; but when going ten or eleven knots, it will be found of considerable advantage, both in keeping the light of the safety-key line from dragging astern, thereby lessening the divergence of the torpedo, and also in drawing the safety key when a strong stop is used. The ordinary deep-sea lead line can be used for a safety-key line, or any hemp-rope from three-quarters to an inch circumference. It should be new and of good quality; for in the event of its carrying away before the stop, it would necessitate the recovery of the torpedo.
Drawing 3.