The Character and Influence of the Indian Trade in Wisconsin

by Frederick Jackson Turner

[242] Lawe to Vieau, in Wis. Fur Trade MSS. See also U.S. Indian Treaties, and Wis. Hist. Colls., V., 236.

[243] House Ex. Docs., 19th Cong., 2d Sess., II., No. 7.

[244] For example see the Vieau Narrative in Wis. Hist. Colls., XI., and the Wis. Fur Trade MSS.

[245] Butler, Wild North Land; Robinson, Great Fur Land, ch. xv.

[246] Notwithstanding Kulischer's assertion that there is no room for this in primitive society. Vide Der Handel auf den primitiven Culturstufen, in Zeitschrift für Völkerpsychologie und Sprachwissenschaft, X., No. 4, p. 378. Compare instances of inter-tribal trade given ante, pp. 11, 26.

[247] On the "metis," boís-brulés, or half-breeds, consult Smithsonian Reports, 1879, p. 309, and Robinson, Great Fur Land, ch. iii.

[248] Minn. Hist. Colls., V., 135; Biddle to Atkinson, 1819, in Ind. Pamphlets, Vol. I, No. 15 (Wis. Hist. Soc. Library).

[249] Parkman, Pioneers of France, 230; Carr, Mounds of the Mississippi, p. 8, n. 8; Smith's Generall Historie, I., 88, 90, 155 (Richmond, 1819).

[250] Jefferson, Works, II., 60, 250, 370.

[251] Allen's Lewis and Clarke Expedition, p. ix (edition of 1814. The introduction is by Jefferson).