[23:3] Weston, "Documents connected with History of South Carolina," p. 61.
[25:1] See, for example, the speech of Clay, in the House of Representatives, January 30, 1824.
[25:2] See the admirable monograph by Prof. H. B. Adams, "Maryland's Influence on the Land Cessions"; and also President Welling, in Papers American Historical Association, iii, p. 411.
[26:1] Adams' Memoirs, ix, pp. 247, 248.
[28:1] Author's article in The Ægis (Madison, Wis.), November 4, 1892.
[29:1] Compare Roosevelt, "Thomas Benton," ch. i.
[30:1] Political Science Quarterly, ii, p. 457. Compare Sumner, "Alexander Hamilton," chs. ii-vii.
[31:1] Compare Wilson, "Division and Reunion," pp. 15, 24.
[32:1] On the relation of frontier conditions to Revolutionary taxation, see Sumner, Alexander Hamilton, ch. iii.
[32:2] I have refrained from dwelling on the lawless characteristics of the frontier, because they are sufficiently well known. The gambler and desperado, the regulators of the Carolinas and the vigilantes of California, are types of that line of scum that the waves of advancing civilization bore before them, and of the growth of spontaneous organs of authority where legal authority was absent. Compare Barrows, "United States of Yesterday and To-morrow"; Shinn, "Mining Camps"; and Bancroft, "Popular Tribunals." The humor, bravery, and rude strength, as well as the vices of the frontier in its worst aspect, have left traces on American character, language, and literature, not soon to be effaced.