Origin of opera—Melody in music—The first opera, Dafne—Monteverde's advances—Early opera orchestration—Gluck's reformed style in Orfeo and Alceste—A complete structure—Verdi's starting-point—Wagner's methods—Verdi's early operas—Don Carlos and an altered style—Its reception—A third or matured period method—Its characteristics—Aïda, Otello, and Falstaff—Verdi's disciples—Opera as a social need, past and present—Its reasonable decline—Verdi's ultimate position—His lasting works Page 273

[CHAPTER XII]

VERDI LITERATURE

Its scantiness—Restricted scope for the writer and historian—English ideas of Italian opera—English books on Verdi—German historian's measure—Recent English press notices—Foreign journalistic criticism—Italian writings Page 293


ILLUSTRATIONS

[Giuseppe Verdi] Frontispiece
[Antonio Barezzi] Facing Page 14
[Margherita Barezzi] Facing Page 40
[Giovanni Provesi] Facing Page 160
[Giulio Ricordi] Facing Page 216

[PREFACE]