Illustrated History of Furniture, fifth ed. / From the Earliest to the Present Time

by Frederick Litchfield

NOTE.—The Names of several Designers and Makers, omitted from the Index, will be found in the list in the Appendix, with references.

• PAGE
• Academy (French) of the Arts founded, [146]
• Adam, Robert and James, [174], [175], [195], [227], [236]
• Æstheticism, [239], [240]
• Ahasuerus, Palace of, [2]
• Alcock, Sir Rutherford, Collection of, [131]
• "American Sketches", [246]
• Angelo, Michael, [48], [49], [169]
• Anglo-Saxon Furniture, [24], [28]
• Arabesque Ornament, origin of, [138]
• Arabian Woodwork, [141]-[143]
• Ark, reference to the, [1]
• Armoires, mention of, [61], [62], [147], [221]
• Art Journal, the, [104], [111], [219], [222], [223], [224], [225], [231]
• Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society, [241], [258]
• Aspinwall, of Grosvenor Street, [212]
• Assyrian Furniture, [2], [3]
• Aubusson Tapestry, [166], [264]
• Audley End, [77], [87]
• Austrian Work, [227]
• Barbers' Company, Hall of the, [96], [98], [181]
• Baroque, the style, [216]
• Barry, Sir Charles, R.A., [217]
• Beauvais Tapestry, [151], [154], [155], [159], [166], [264]
• Bedroom Furniture, [226]
• Bedstead of Jeanne d'Albret, [60]
• Bedstead in the Cluny Museum, [61]
• Bellows, Italian, [52]
• Benjamin, Mr., referred to, [136], [138]
• Berain, Charles, French artist, [146]
• "Bergére (Chaise)", [159]
• Bethnal Green Museum, [108], [133], [168]
• Biblical references, [1], [2]
• Birch, Dr., reference to, [8]
• Birdwood, Sir George, referred to, [135], [263]
• Black, Mr. Adam, reference to, [198]
• Bloomfield, Mr. Reginald T., [242]
• Boards and Trestles, [104], [105]
• Boleyn, Anna, Chair to, [76]
• Bombay Furniture, [133]
• Bonuaffé, referred to, [48], [55], [59], [70]
• Boucher, artist, [154], [161]
• Boudoir, [150], [153]
• Boole, André Charles, [146], [149]
• Brackets, Wall, [52]
• British Museum, reference to specimens in the, [1], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [11], [23], [26], [28]
• Brittany Furniture, [62], [63]
• Broadwood, Messrs, [231], [266], [267]
• Bronze Mountings, [146], [158], [159], [162], [163], [179], [232], [265]
• Bruges, Chimney-piece at, [63]
• Bryan, Michael, referred to, [48]
• Buffet, The, [43], [44], [50], [60]
• Buffet, [199]
• Buffet, Old English, [44]
• Buffet, Old French, [43]
• Buffet, Old Flemish, [43]
• Bureau du Roi, [159], [160]
• Burges, Mr. W., [246]
• Burleigh House, [77]
• Byzantine-Gothic, Discarded, [48]
• Byzantine style, [18], [42]
• "Cabinet Maker and Art Furnisher", [246]
• Caffieri, work of, [158], [159], [179], [265]
• Cairo Woodwork, [139]
• Canopied Seats, [37], [38]
• Canterbury Cathedral, [32], [102]
• Carpenters' Company, [84], [86], [95], [96]
• Cashmere Work, [135]
• Cauner, French carver, [179]
• Cellaret, The, [200]
• Cellini, B, [49]
• Chambers, Sir William, R.A., [125], [173], [176], [179]
• Chair of Dagobert, [21]
• Chairs of St. Peter, [19], [20]
• Chairs, Canopied, [37], [38]
• Chair, The Coronation, [30], [31]
• Chair of Charles I., [108], [109]
• Chair, The Glastonbury, [78]
• Chair, Jacobean style, [109]
• Chair of Cromwell's Family, [109], [110]
• Chairs become common, [104]
• Chairs, German Gothic, [42]
• "Chaise Bergére", [159]
• Chardin, reference to, [161]
• Charlemagne, reference to, [17], [21]
• Charles I., reference to, [103], [104], [105], [107], [109]
• Charles II., reference to, [110], [111], [112]
• Charlton, Little, [87]
• Charterhouse, The, [81], [82]
• Chaucer quoted, [105]
• Chimney-pieces, [88]
• Chippendale's Work, [125], [168], [173], [177], [178], [179], [180], [181], [182], [183], [200]
• Chippendale's "Gentleman and Cabinetmaker's Director", [177]-[180]
• Christianity, Influence of, [18]
• Christie, Manson & Wood, Messrs, [147], [151]
• " " " reference to old catalogues of, [220], [221]
• Cicero's Tables, [13]
• Cipriani, [174], [192]
• Clapton, Dr, Edward, reference to, [13]
• Cleyn Francesco, [103], [104], [123]
• Club Houses of London, [221], [222]
• Cluny Museum, reference to, [61]
• Colbert, Finance Minister, [146]
• Collard's predecessors, [267]
• Collinson & Lock, [220]
• Collman, L. W., Work of, [220]
• Constantinople, Capture of, [17]
• Cope, Sir Walter, [103]
• Cope Castle, [103]
• Coronation Chair, The, [30]-[32]
• Correggio, [49]
• Couch, introduction of, [107]
• Crace, Work of, [212]
• Crane, Mr. Walter, [241], [242], [246]
• Cromwell referred to, [110], [111]
• Crusades, Influence of the, [17]
• Cutler, Mr. T., [246]
• Cypselus of Corinth, Chest of, [11]
• Dado, the, described, [216]
• Dagobert Chair, [21], [22]
• Dalburgia or Blackwood, [133]
• Damascus, Room from a house in, [139]-[141]
• Davillier, Baron, [69]
• Dickens, Charles, referred to, [238]
• "Dining Room," the, various definitions, [200]
• Divan, derivation of, [143]
• Douthwaite, Mr. W. R., referred to, [83]
• Dowbiggin (Gillow's apprentice), [194], [212]
• Dryden quoted, [199]
• Dürer, A., referred to, [70]
• D'Urbino Bramante, [48]
• Du Sommerard referred to, [20]
• Dutch Furniture, [61], [63]-[66], [170], [206]
• Eagle House, Wimbledon, [104]
• Eastlake, Mr. C., reference to, [99], [100], [102], [245]
• Edis, Col. Robert, referred to, [245], [267]
• Elgin and Kincardine, Earl of, Collection of, [131]
• Elizabethan Work, [67], [77], [102]
• Empire Furniture, [203]-[215]
• English Work, [71]
• Evelyn's Diary, [112]
• Exhibition, The Colonial, [133]
• " The Great (1851), [228], [229], [230], [231], [242], [246]
• " of, 1862, [235]
• " Retrospective of Lyons, [61]
• " Inventions, [267]
• " The Stuart, [109]
• Exhibitions, Local, [223]
• Falké, Dr., reference to, [11], [79], [204]
• Faydherbe, Lucas, [65]
• Fitzcook, H., designer, [225]
• Flaxman's Work, [176]
• Flemish Renaissance, [63], [66]
• Flemish Work, [226]
• Florentine Mosaic Work, [50]
• Folding Stool, [29]
• Fontainebleau, Chateau of, [58]
• Fourdinois, Work of, [227], [236]
• Fragonard, French artist, reference to, [161]
• Frames for pictures and mirrors, [79]
• Franks, Mr. A. W., [24]
• Fretwork Ornament, [181]
• "Furniture and Decoration", [246]
• Gavard's, C., Work on Versailles, [145]
• German Work, [70], [71]
• Gesso Work, [50]
• Ghiberti, L., [49]
• Gibbon, Dr., Story of, [195]
• Gilding, Methods of, [50], [265]
• Gillow, Richard, extending table patented by, [193]
• " " Work of, [208], [210]
• Gillow's Records, [194]
• Gillow's Work, [174], [237]
• Giraud, M., Work by, [61]
• Glastonbury Chair, [78]
• Gobelins Tapestry, [146], [151], [154], [159], [166], [264]
• Godwin, Mr. E. W., [246]
• Godwin, Mr. G., referred to, [74], [76]
• Goodrich Court, [78]
• Gore House, Exhibition at, [221]
• Gothic Architecture, [30]
• Gothic Work, French, [44], [46]
• " " German, [42]
• " " Chippendale's, [180]
• Gough, Viscount, collection of, [131]
• Gouthière, Pierre, [159], [164], [165]
• "Grandfather" Clocks, [121]-[2]
• Gray's Inn, Hall, [83]
• Greek Furniture, [9], [10], [11]
• Greuze, reference to, [161]
• Hall, Mr. S. C., referred to, [111]
• Hamilton Palace Collection, [146], [147], [157], [158], [160], [163], [164], [165], [166]
• Hampton Court Palace, [72], [73], [79], [112], [113], [168]
• Hardwick Hall, [77], [86], [181]
• Harpsichord, the, [172], [231], [266], [267]
• Harrison quoted, [73]
• Hatfield House, [77], [78]
• Heaton, J. Aldham, Mr., referred to, [202]
• Hebrew Furniture, [2]
• Henri II., time of, [61]
• Henri IV., style of Art in France, [61]
• Henry VIII., [72], [73], [79]
• Hepplewhite, Work of, [184], [186], [191], [200]
• Herculaneum and Pompeii, Discovery of, [161]
• Herbert's "Antiquities", [84]
• Hertford House Collection, [247]
• Holbein, [72], [76], [79]
• Hook, Theodore, [107], [108]
• Holland House, [102], [103], [104], [123]
• Holland, Lord, [102], [103]
• Holland & Sons, [194], [212]
• Holmes, W., designer, [225]
• Home Arts and Industries Association, [242]
• Hope, Thomas, design by, [210]
• Hopkinson's Pianos, [267]
• Hotel de Bohéme, [36]
• Howard & Sons, firm of, founded, [212]
• Ilchester, Lady, referred to, [103]
• Ince, W., contemporary of Chippendale (Ince and Mayhew's Work), [183], [184], [187], [188]
• Indian Furniture, [132], [136]
• Indian Museum, The, [134], [135], [136]
• Indo-Portuguese Furniture, [111], [112]
• Intarsia Work, or Tarsia, [53], [70]
• Inventories, Old, [77]
• Ireton, General, House of, [111]
• Italian Carved Furniture, [226], [227], [246]
• Italian Renaissance, [48]-[57]
• Jackson, Mr. T. G., A.R.A., referred to, [53], [104], [242], [246]
• Jackson & Graham, [220]
• Jacobean Furniture, [91], [240]
• Jacquemart, M., reference to, [46]
• Japan, The Revolution in, [130]
• Japanese Joiner, The, [131]
• Japanned Furniture, [192]
• Jeanne d'Albret, Bedstead of, [60]
• Jones, Inigo, [92], [93]
• Jones Collection, The, [133], [146], [147], [148], [151], [156], [158], [162], [165], [167], [170], [171], [172]
• Kauffmann, Angelica, [174], [192]
• Kensington, South, Museum, foundation of, [237]
• " " " reference to specimens in the, [21], [22], [41], [42], [44], [51], [52], [54], [56], [57], [61], [63], [64], [65], [66], [75], [79], [80], [81], [95], [96], [98], [110], [129], [131], [133], [136], [137], [139], [140], [141], [142], [146], [158], [161], [162], [165], [167], [170], [171], [172], [176], [199], [236], [237]
• Khorsabad, reference to, [3], [4], [5]
• King, H.M. the, Art Collection of, [136]
• Kirkman's Exhibit, [267]
• Knife Cases, [199]
• Knole, [79], [98], [102]
• Lacquer Work, Chinese and Japanese, [129], [130], [131], [155], [156]
• " " Indian, [135], [136]
• " " Persian, [138]
• Lacroix, Paul, reference to, [21], [22], [37], [38]
• Lancret, artist, [154], [161]
• Layard, Sir Austen, reference to, [3]
• Lebrun, artist, [146], [147], [149]
• Leighton, Sir F., referred to, [240]
• Leo X., Pope, [49]
• Lethaby, Mr. W. R., [242]
• Liechtenstein, Princess Marie, [103]
• Linger, Sir Henry, [44]
• Litchfield & Radclyffe, [235]
• Livery Cupboards, [73], [78]
• Longford Castle Collection, [70]
• Longman & Broderip, [267]
• Longleat, [77], [97]
• Louis XIII. Furniture, [61]
• Louis XIV., [147], [151], [167], [168]
• " death of, [161]
• Louis XV., [152], [159]
• " death of, [152]
• Louis XVI., [160]-[167]
• Louvre, The, [58]
• Lucas, Seymour, Mr., A.R.A., referred to, [44]
• Lyon, Dr., quoted, [121]-[2]
• Lytton, Lord, quoted, [28]
• Macaulay, Lord, quoted, [103], [112], [167]
• Machine-made Furniture, [222], [238]
• Madrid, French Furniture in, [168]
• Magniac Collection, [52]
• Mahogany, introduction of, [195]
• Mansion House, the Furniture of, [214]
• Manwaring, Robert, Work of, [183]
• Marie Antoinette, [146], [159], [160], [161], [163], [164], [172]
• Marie Louise, Cabinet designed for, [204]
• Marqueterie, [54], [61], [66], [150], [155], [237], [238]
• Maskell, Mr., reference to, [20], [53], [105]
• Mayhew, J., contemporary of Chippendale, [183], [190], [191]
• Medicis Family, Influence of the, [58]
• Meyrick, S., [79]
• Middle Temple Hall, [83], [84]
• Miles and Edwards, [212]
• Milton quoted, [199]
• Mirror Frame, Elizabethan, [78], [79]
• Mirror, Mosaic, [135]
• Mirrors, introduction of, [79], [150]
• "Mobilier National," Collection of, [60], [61], [159], [163]
• Modern fashion of Furnishing, [244], [245], [246]
• Mogul Empire, The, [132]
• Monbro, [232]
• Morant's Furniture, [212]
• Morris, Mr. W., [240], [246]
• Mounting of Furniture, [54]
• Munich, Work and Exhibition of, [248]
• Napoleon alluded to, [204], [206]
• Nilson, French carver, [179]
• Norman civilisation, influence of, [28]
• North Holland, Furniture of, [66]
• Notes and Queries, [107]
• Nineveh, Discoveries in, [3], [4], [5]
• Oak Panelling (see Panelling)
• Oriental Conservatism, [139], [143]
• Ottoman, derivation of, [142]
• Oxford Museum, [111]
• Panelling (oak), [79], [80], [81], [89], [216]
• Papier-Maché Work, [232]
• Passe, C. de, [65]
• Paxton, Sir Joseph, [230]
• Penshurst Place, [32], [34], [87], [106], [111], [112]
• Perkins, Mr. C., translator of "Kunst im Hause", [204]
• Persian Designs, [136]-[139]
• Pianoforte, the, [231], [266], [267]
• Picau, French carver, [179]
• Pietra-dura introduced, [54]
• Pindar, Sir Paul, House of, [109]
• Pirdnesi, [174]
• Pollen, Mr. J. Hungerford, reference to, [12], [14], [18], [30], [31], [59], [76], [80], [95], [134], [161], [199], [242], [244], [249]
• Pompadour, Madame, [159]
• Portuguese Work, [69]
• Prie Dieu Chair, the, [35], [58]
• Prignot, Designs of, [220]
• Prior, Mr. Edwards, Essay on Furniture, [242], [244]
• Pugin, Mr. A. W., work of, [212], [217], [218]
• Queen Anne Furniture, [239], [240]
• Queen Victoria's Collection, [57], [68], [69], [133]
• Racinet's Work, "Le Costume Historique", [132]
• Radspieler of Munich (manufacturer), [247]
• Raffaelle, referred to, [48], [49], [169]
• Raleigh, Sir W., [92]
• Regency, Period of the, in France, [152], [153]
• Renaissance, [44], [48], [86], [87], [169]
• Renaissance in England, [72]-[89]
• " " France, [57]-[62]
• " " Germany, [70]-[71]
• " " Italy, [48]-[57]
• " " The Netherlands, [63]-[66]
• " " Spain, [67]-[70]
• Restoration, the, [111]
• Revolution, the French, [168], [203], [204]
• Revival of Art in France, [58]
• Ricardo, Mr. Halsey, [241], [242]
• Rich, Sir Henry, [103]
• Richardson's "Studies", [70]-[78]
• Riesener, Court Ebeniste, [159], [163], [164], [165], [167], [203]
• Robinson, Mr. G. T., quoted, [105], [108], [111]
• Rococo Style, the, [195], [216], [225], [226]
• Rogers, Harry, Work of, [223], [224]
• Roman Furniture, [12], [13], [14], [15], [16]
• Rowe, Miss, and School of Woodcarving, [242]
• Ruskin, Mr., quoted, [55], [239], [240], [241]
• Russian Woodwork, [23]
• St. Augustine's Chair, [32]
• St. Peter's Chairs, [18], [19], [20]
• St. Peter's Church, [48]
• St. Saviour's Chapel, [71]
• Sallust, House of, [14]
• Salting, Mr., Collection of, [131]
• Salzburg, Bishop's Palace at, [168]
• Sandringham House, referred to, [244]
• Saracenic Art, [69], [139]-[143]
• Sarto, Andrea del, [49]
• Satinwood, introduction of, [174]
• Saxe-Coburg, late Duke of, Art Collection of, [131]
• Scandinavian Woodwork, [22], [23], [169], [170]
• Science and Art Department, the, [96]
• Scott, Sir Walter, reference to, [24], [26]
• Screens, Louis XV. period, [154]
• Scrowled Chair, [107], [108]
• Secret Drawers, etc., in Furniture, [101]
• Sedan Chair, the, [154]
• Seddon, Thomas, and his Sons, Work of, [210]
• Serilly, Marquise de, Boudoir of, [161]
• Sêvres Porcelain, introduction of, [158], [167]
• Shakespeare's Chair, [87], [88]
• Shakespeare, quoted, [87], [103], [105], [107]
• Shaw, Mr. Norman, R.A., [246]
• Shaw's "Ancient Furniture", [78], [112]
• Sheraton, Thomas, [192], [195], [197], [198], [207], [208], [210]
• Shisham Wood, [135], [136]
• Sideboard, reference to the, [183], [192], [199], [200], [225]
• Skinners' Company, The, [215]
• Smith, Major-Gen. Murdoch, reference to, [136], [141]
• Smith, Mr. George, explorer, reference to, [3], [4]
• Smith, George, manufacturer, [212], [213], [214]
• Snell, Work of, [210]
• Soane Museum, The, [174]
• Society of Arts, The, [217]
• Society of Upholsterers and Cabinet Makers, [182], [183]
• Sofa, Derivation of, [142]
• South Kensington. See Kensington.
• Spanish Furniture, [67], [68], [69]
• Speke Hall, Liverpool, [78]
• Spitzer Collection, The, [61]
• Spoon Cases, [199]
• Stationers' Hall, [106], [192]
• Steam power applied to manufactures, [222]
• Stephens, Mr., referred to, [23]
• Stockton House, [87]
• Stone, Mr. Marcus, [100]
• "Strap Work", [104]
• Strawberry Hill Sale, [157], [219]
• Street, Mr., R.A., [246]
• Strudwick, J., designer, [225]
• Sydney, Sir Philip, [87]
• Tabernacle, The, [1]
• Table "Dormant", [105]
• " "Drawinge", [105]
• " Extending, [193]
• " Folding, [106]
• " Framed, [105]
• " Kneehole, [195]
• " Pier, [192], [194]
• " Side, [192]
• " Joined, [105]
• " Standing, [105]
• " , [201]
• Tables and Trestles, [104], [105]
• Tadema, Sir Alma, design by, [210], [240], [246], [267]
• Talbert's Designs, [237], [246]
• Tapestry, [151], [154], [159]
• Tarsia Work, or Intarsia, [53], [54], [70]
• Tea Caddies, [201]
• Tea-poys, [201]
• Thackeray, quoted, [53], [81]
• Theebaw, King, Bedstead of, [135]
• Thyine Wood, [13]
• "Times" Newspaper, The, quoted, [172]
• Titian, [49]
• Toms & Luscombe, [233]
• Town & Emanuel, [221], [233]
• Trades Unionism, [241]
• Traditions, Loss of old, [240], [241]
• Transition period, [43], [46]
• Trianon, The, [145], [146]
• Trollopes founded, [210]
• "Tunbridge Wells" Work, [238]
• Ulm, Cathedral of, [41], [42]
• Urn Stands, The, [187], [200], [201]
• Veneers, [237], [238]
• Venice, Importance of, [20]
• Venice, referred to, [98], [226]
• Verbruggens, The, [65]
• Vernis Martin, [156], [157]
• Versailles, Palace of, [145], [146]
• Victorian (early) Furniture, [216]
• Vinci, L. da, [48], [169]
• Viollet-le-Duc, [58]
• "Vitrine," The, [151]
• Vriesse, V. de, [65]
• Wallace, Sir Richard, Collection of, [247]
• Walpole, Horace, [219]
• Ware, Great Bed of, [87]
• Waterhouse, Mr., R.A., [246]
• Watteau, [146], [154]
• Watts, artist, referred to, [103]
• Webb, Mr. Stephen, [242], [246]
• Webb, manufacturer, [235]
• Wedgwood, Josiah, [176], [236]
• Wertheimer, S., [233]
• Westminster Abbey, [73], [97], [98]
• Wilkinson, of Ludgate Hill, [212]
• Williamson (Mobilier National), [60], [163]
• Woods used for Furniture, [263]
• Wotton, Sir Henry, quoted, [91], [92]
• Wren, Sir Christopher, referred to, [112]
• Wright, Mr., F.S.A., referred to, [26]
• Wyatt, Sir Digby, Paper read by, [20]
• York House, described in "The Art Journal", [219], [220]
• York Minster, Chair in, [32]

---

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Gopher is supposed to mean cypress wood. See Notes on Woods (Appendix).

[2] See also Notes on Woods (Appendix).

[3] Those who would read a very interesting account of the history of this stone are referred to the late Dean Stanley's "Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey."

[4] The sous, which was but nominal money, may be reckoned as representing 20 francs, the denier 1 franc, but allowance must be made for the enormous difference in the value of silver, which would make 20 francs in the thirteenth century represent upwards of 200 francs in the present century.

[5] The panels of the high screen or back to the stalls in "La Certosa di Pavia" (a Carthusian Monastery suppressed by Joseph II.) are famous examples of early intarsia. In an essay on the subject written by Mr. T. G. Jackson, A.R.A., they are said to be the work of one Bartolommeo, an Istrian artist, and to date from 1486. The same writer mentions still more elaborate examples of pictorial "intarsia" in the choir stalls of Sta. Maria, Maggiore, in Bergamo.

[6] Writers of authority on architecture have noticed that the chief characteristic in style of the French Renaissance, as contrasted with the Italian, is that in the latter the details and ornament of the new school were imposed on the old foundations of the Gothic character. The Chateau of Chambord is given as an instance of this combination.