Breaking the Wilderness / The Story of the Conquest of the Far West, From the Wanderings of Cabeza de Vaca, to the First Descent of the Colorado by Powell, and the Completion of the Union Pacific Railway, With Particular Account of the Exploits of Trappers and Traders

by Frederick Samuel Dellenbaugh

INDEX

• A
• Acadia, [130]
• Acoma, [114]
• Acuco, [112]
• Adiazan stock, location of, [68]
• Adams River, [250]
• Adobe concrete, [68]
• Adopted men become chiefs, [84]
• Adoption, Amerind system of, [84]
• Agent cuts off native's ears, [269]
• Agriculture, early, in New Mexico, [267]
• Aguardiente, [268]
• Aguilar goes north of Mendocino to great river, [142]
• Alarçon, Hernando de, goes up the coast, [40];
  • discovers the Colorado, [111]
• Alaska boundary, [254]
• Alcaraz, Captain, meets Cabeza de Vaca, [101]
• Alcohol, [94];
  • sold to natives, [179]
• Algonquian stock, [63];
  • range of, [64]
• Allencaster, governor of New Mexico, [191]
• Alta California, [120];
  • Missions first planted there, [122]
• Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca, [2], [104], [106], [107], [108]-[111]
• Ameies, villages of, found by Espejo, [114]
• American Fur Company, organised, [197];
  • rendezvous in Green River Valley, [275];
  • comes near ruin in the whiskey-still matter, [286]
• American River, gold discovery on, [308]
• Americans attack Juan José, [265];
  • barred from Oregon, [289]
• American settlers in California, [308];
  • ships on the Pacific coast, [146]
• Amerind, [132];
  • adoption, [84];
  • attacks on Pacific Railway constructors, [330];
  • believed by the Mormons to be descended from some of those dispersed at the Tower of Babel, [304];
  • beverages, [70];
  • bread, [72];
  • ceremonials, [72];
  • character of, [12], [56];
  • colour of, [54];
  • cooking, how done, [72];
  • cruelty, [100];
  • destroy railway property, [330];
  • domestic animals of, [56];
  • dress, [88];
  • dwellings, [68];
  • eating of human flesh, [79];
  • explanation of term, [54];
  • fear of camera, [92];
  • hospitality, [82];
  • jargons, [63];
  • kindness of, [88];
  • knowledge of the Wilderness, [89], [168];
  • knowledge, [102];
  • languages, [61];
  • linguistic map, [62];
  • manufactures, [70];
  • map drawing, [89];
  • marriage, [82];
  • method of expressing astonishment, [292];
  • musical instruments of, [72];
  • of Louisiana, goes to the Columbia, [140];
  • of the Wilderness, [63];
  • sense of humour, [93];
  • sign language, [62];
  • shooters, [278];
  • women, place of, [77]
• Amerinds, classification by language, [60];
  • removed west of the Mississippi, [60];
  • shot for sport, [277], [278], [280];
  • subsistence of, [75];
  • three conditions of, [75];
  • titles to railway lands extinguished, [329];
  • tobacco, kinds of, [79];
  • traits, [57];
  • treatment of, by whites, [60], [243];
  • understanding of territorial limits of, [89];
  • unit of organisation, [82];
  • winter life of, [92];
  • words derived from languages of, [79]
• Ames monument, [334]
• Anian, Strait of, [142];
  • a myth, [147]
• Anza, Captain, journey of, [124];
  • to San Francisco Bay, [124]
• Apache, [266].
• Apache tribe, where classed, [61], [66];
  • like the Iroquois, [66];
  • punished by Spanish expeditions, [117]
• Apaches, kill one of Pattie advance party, [248];
  • become deadly enemies of Americans, [265]
• Arapaho tribe, where classed, [64];
  • visit Stuart's camp, [218];
  • hostility of, [243];
  • scalped by whites, [296]
• Arc tribe, [139]
• Area owned by United States after Mexican treaty of 1848, [301]
• Arikara tribe, where classed, [64]
• Arkansas River, [6];
  • Bell goes down it, [226];
  • boundary of Louisiana, [221];
  • proper spelling and pronunciation of the word, [225]
• Armijo, governor of New Mexico, [265];
  • imposes heavy tax on American goods, [238]
• Army sent to Utah, [310]
• Arroyo del Cibolo, named by Escalante, [36]
• Asa, at the mouth of the Virgin, helps Powell, [325]
• Ashley, [232], [271];
  • arrives at St. Louis, [242];
  • battle with Arikaras, [234];
  • becomes rich, [242];
  • boats used by, [238];
  • builds fort on the Yellowstone, [233];
  • canyons traversed by, [295];
  • comes out into Brown's Park, [240];
  • decade, the, [233];
  • descends Green River through Red Canyon, [238];
  • elected member of Congress, [232], [244];
  • Fall, [240];
  • first to navigate Green River, [238];
  • goes to Salt Lake, [240];
  • his methods, [259];
  • home in St. Louis, [244];
  • Lake, [242];
  • loses boats, [239];
  • made a brigadier-general, [232];
  • made lieutenant-governor, [232];
  • meets General Atkinson, [242];
  • meets Ogden at Salt Lake, [240];
  • meets Provost in Brown's Park, [240];
  • name record in Red Canyon, facsimile of, [240];
  • organisation, [258];
  • parts from his men, [244];
  • second trip to the mountains, [242];
  • sells out, [244];
  • takes cannon to Utah Lake, [272];
  • through Flaming Gorge, [294];
  • writes his name in Red Canyon, [240]
• Assiniboine, British trading posts on, [158]
• Assiniboine, steamboat, [285]
• Asuncion, Bahia de la, [142]
• Astor, John Jacob, his opinion of the sale of Astoria, [219];
  • organises American Fur Company, [197];
  • organises Pacific Fur Company, [198]
• Astoria, Irving's work, cited, [287]
• Astoria, Captain Biddle takes possession, [219];
  • enterprise ended, [219];
  • Hunt arrives, [214];
  • named, [200];
  • Prevost receives actual transfer back to United States, [219];
  • rebuilt, [283];
  • renamed Fort George, [218];
  • restored to United States, [219];
  • sold to Northwest Company, [218];
  • taken by British, [218]
• Astronomer of Ingolstadt, [124]
• Athabasca country, changes in, [34]
• Athapascan stock, range of, [64]
• Atkinson, General, [242]
• Atole, Mexican drink, [268]
• Attacapan stock, location of, [68]
• Austin leads in the colonisation of Texas, [298]
• B
• Bac, San Xavier del, Mission of, [124]
• Bahia de la Asuncion, [142]
• Baird to Santa Fé, 1812, [257]
• Balboa, cited by Frémont, [300]
• Baldwin, Doctor, with Long, [223]
• Bandelier, A. F., paper;
  • on Cabeza de Vaca, [106];
  • on Villazur, [134];
  • site for Tiguex, [114]
• Bar of the Columbia, [142]
• Baranof, Hunt visits, [215];
  • Castle, [215]
• Battle, first, between natives and Europeans in the Wilderness, [110];
  • between Comanches and Iotans, [247];
  • of Pierre's Hole, [273];
  • of San Jacinto, [298];
  • of Shiloh compared with Amerind warfare, [72];
  • with Comanches and Kiowas, [262]
• Battles of the Fur Companies, [240];
  • of the Wilderness compared with Amerind warfare, [72]
• Beadle, J. H., ferried over Colorado by Lee, [318]
• Beale, E. F., [316]
• Beale's Road, [316]
• Bear River, search for mouth of, [242]
• Beauharnois, [139]
• Beaver, anatomy, [16];
  • as a pet, [31];
  • bait, [29];
  • bank burrows, [17];
  • Bradbury's views on their tree felling, [27];
  • capture of, in bank burrows, [31];
  • castoreum, [27];
  • chips, [25];
  • colour of, [13];
  • cry of, [31];
  • dams, [18], [21];
  • disappearance, [28], [244], [273], [294], [302], [304];
  • education of the young, [28];
  • explanation of half-cut trees, [28];
  • family, members of, [31];
  • food, [16];
  • for an emblem, [31];
  • form of dams, [21];
  • fur of, [13];
  • genus of, [16];
  • incentive to exploration, [12];
  • in the water, [24];
  • intellectuality, [17];
  • intelligence, [13];
  • kind of trees chosen, [27];
  • lodges, construction of, [21];
  • lodges chopped open in winter, [31];
  • meadows, [24];
  • meat, [25];
  • mental qualities, [16];
  • methods, [16];
  • method of building, [18];
  • methods of capture other than with traps, [29]-[31];
  • method of cutting, [25];
  • musk, muskbogs, [27];
  • nature of, [31];
  • never found in deep canyons, [17];
  • never steps backwards, [31];
  • numbers of, [12];
  • number trapped in a single night, [15], [18];
  • on Green River in 1871, [24];
  • on upper Missouri, Lewis and Clark Expedition, [164];
  • order to which it belongs, [13];
  • outcast, [31];
  • ponds, [21];
  • reduction of numbers, [26];
  • sample of tree-gnawing, [26];
  • search for beaver grounds, [29];
  • signal of alarm, [24];
  • size of, [13];
  • size of trees felled, [27];
  • spillways, [20];
  • tail, description of, [24];
  • tail soup, [25];
  • taming of, [31];
  • testing for traps, [28];
  • time able to remain under water, [27];
  • time required to fell tree, [27];
  • trappers' stories, [21];
  • trapping, profits of, [15];
  • trapping responsible for breaking trails, [304];
  • traps, [28];
  • weight of, [13];
  • winter food, [21];
  • works executed by, [16]
• Beaver, Astoria supply ship, [215]
• Beaver Dam Mountains, [309]
• Becknell, William, goes to Santa Fé, 1821, [257];
  • goes west of Santa Fé, [249];
  • used waggons to Santa Fé, [272]
• Beckwourth, James P., [263];
  • a chief of the Crows, [238];
  • age of, [238];
  • character of, [238];
  • with Ashley, [237]
• Beckwourth and Smith make a raid, [264]
• Bell, J. R., Captain, with Long, [223]
• Beltran, Friar, goes to New Mexico, [114]
• Benavides, route of, [116]
• Benton, Senator, meets Frémont, [300]
• Bering explores from Kamtchatka east across the sea, [140]
• Berkeley, Hon. Grantley F., his description of marrow-bones, [41];
  • his love for marrow, [41]
• Bernalillo as the site of Tiguex, [114]
• Berthoud, E. L., explores road from Denver to Salt Lake, [315];
  • tries to explore Green River, [314]
• Beverages of Amerinds, [70]
• Bible, the Mormon view of it, [304]
• Biddle, Captain, takes formal possession of Astoria, [219]
• Bidwell, Captain, cited, [278]
• Bienville founds New Orleans, [138]
• Bierstadt, picture of buffalo hunting referred to, [40]
• Big Medicine Canoe, [285]
• Big Thunder Canoe, [285]
• Big trees, [8], [9]
• Bighorn Mountains, [207]
• Bijeau, Joseph, guide to Long, [226]
• Bill Williams Fork, [117]
• Bison Americanus, [32]
• Bisonte, Spanish word for buffalo, [34]
• Bitter Root Range, Lewis and Clark traverse it, [169]
• Bitter Root River, [169]
• Black Canyon, Ives goes to head of, [317];
  • Johnson takes steamer to head of, [317]
• Black Hills, [207];
  • Parker goes that way, [287]
• Blackfeet a scourge, [244];
  • attacked by whites, [273];
  • hostility of, [243];
  • likened to Iroquois, [244];
  • tribe, where classed, [63]
• Blankets of buffalo wool woven by Osages, [50]
• Blossom, British war ship, carries Prevost to Astoria, [219]
• Blue Mountains, [281];
  • Hunt crosses them, [213];
  • Wyeth crosses them, [275]
• Boats used by Ashley, [238]
• Bodies destroyed by wolves and dogs, [99]
• Boiling Spring Creek, [225]
• Bold, The, Crow chief, captures Meek, [291];
  • his opinion of the whites, [291]
• Bonneville, Captain, birth, education, etc., [270], [272];
  • as a manager, [271];
  • portrait of, [271];
  • granted leave of absence, [272];
  • starts, [272];
  • outfit, [272];
  • his waggons not the first to cross the plains, [272];
  • did not lose a man, [272];
  • route of, [272];
  • takes first waggons as far as Green River, [272];
  • builds fort at Green River, [272];
  • fails to trade with natives, [273];
  • goes to Salmon River, [274];
  • goes to Snake River, [274];
  • rendezvous in Green River Valley, [275];
  • sends furs to St. Louis, [275];
  • ignores orders, [276];
  • dropped from the army, [276];
  • claims discovery that Buenaventura River was a myth, [280];
  • crosses Blue Mountains, [281];
  • at Nez Perce camp, [281];
  • goes to the Columbia, [281];
  • cures chief's daughter, [281];
  • at Fort Walla Walla, [281];
  • goes again to the Columbia, [282];
  • recrosses Blue Mountains, [282], [283];
  • refused provisions by Hudson Bay Company, [282];
  • declines guidance of Hudson Bay men, [282];
  • back at Portneuf, [282];
  • fails to get a footing on the Columbia, [283];
  • refused provisions a second time at Walla Walla, [284];
  • applies his name to Salt Lake, [284];
  • his name given to an ancient sea, [284];
  • adjusts his affairs and leaves the Wilderness, [284];
  • his failure, [284];
  • his maps copied, [284];
  • reinstated, [284];
  • serves in Seminole and Mexican wars, [284];
  • made brevet brigadier-general, [284];
  • dies, [284];
  • Irving's work cited, [287]
• Bonneville Lake, an ancient sea, [284]
• Book of Mormon, [304];
  • of Doctrine and Covenants, [305]
• Boone, Daniel, age of, [193];
  • at La Charette, [193]
• Boundary, British desire to make Columbia River the, [290];
  • ill-defined United States and Mexican, [315];
  • of Louisiana, [220];
  • of Oregon, [289], [290]
• Brackenridge, Henry, with Lisa, [206];
  • his opinion of Lisa, [221]
• Bradbury, goes with Hunt, [204];
  • leaves Hunt party, [207];
  • meets Colter, [196];
  • views on beaver tree-felling, [27]
• Bridger, James, [232];
  • age of, [234];
  • with Ashley, [234];
  • goes to Salt Lake, [242];
  • has arrow removed by Whitman, [288];
  • extricates Meek, [293];
  • portrait of, [293];
  • makes a war compact with The Bold, [294];
  • Fort, [309];
  • attempts to explore Green River, [314];
  • with Berthoud explores road from Denver to Salt Lake, [315]
• British-American agreement as to Oregon renewed, [253]
• British, on Hudson Bay, [136];
  • settlement on James River, [131];
  • take Astoria, [218]
• Broughton goes up the Columbia, [170]
• Brown bear, fight with, [164]
• Brown's Hole, [238]
• Brown's Park, [238];
  • position of, [295]
• Browne, P. T., killed by natives, [330]
• Buenaventura, Escalante crosses it, [124];
  • Escalante's name for Green River, [124];
  • the mythical outlet of Salt Lake, [280]
• Buffalo, [32];
  • numbers of, [10], [32];
  • range of, [10], [34];
  • disappearing, [32], [302];
  • in Montezuma's menagerie, [32];
  • word for, in Isleta dialect, [34];
  • oscillation of whole mass of buffalo, [34];
  • when first in Athabasca country, [34];
  • not migratory, [34];
  • Coronado sees immense herds, [34];
  • on Pecos River, [34];
  • sees robes at first villages, [34];
  • city of, named after, [35];
  • bones above mastodon bones, [35];
  • bones at salt licks of Ohio valley, and at Big Bone Lick, Kentucky, [35];
  • in Saskatchewan country, [35];
  • eastern limit of, [35];
  • Albert Gallatin lives on buffalo meat, [35];
  • remains not found in mounds of Mississippi valley, [35];
  • not found on Moundbuilder pipes, [35];
  • probability that it would have gone to Alaska, [35];
  • in Arizona, [36];
  • limit on west, [36];
  • no mention of it by Lewis and Clark west of Rocky Mountains, [36];
  • rock picture of, [36];
  • seen by Escalante on White River, [36];
  • skull found at Gunnison, [37];
  • no mention of, by Espejo or Oñate west of the Rio Grande, [37];
  • south-western limit, [37];
  • did not cross Rocky Mountains north of 57 degrees, [37];
  • crosses to Green and Columbia,37;
  • in Missouri, [37];
  • earliest published drawing of, [38];
  • fossil remains, [38];
  • painted by Catlin, [38];
  • prairie buffalo, [38];
  • wood buffalo, [38];
  • western range, [38];
  • by Bierstadt, [40];
  • wanton killing, [42];
  • herd, advance of, [44];
  • herds dashed to death, [44];
  • drowned in river, [44];
  • shooting from railway trains, [44];
  • methods of hunting the, [45];
  • corral, [46];
  • dashed over cliff, [46];
  • hides, process of tanning, [48];
  • hides, value of, [48];
  • hunting by Washington Irving, [48];
  • number of robes sent to market, [48];
  • stampede, [49];
  • wallows, [50];
  • wool woven into blankets by Osages, [50];
  • dance, [51];
  • easily domesticated, [51];
  • white cow skin held sacred, [51];
  • calf dangerous, [52];
  • method of forcing to follow horse, [52];
  • as an emblem, [53];
  • followed by wolves, [53];
  • Amerind failure to domesticate, [56];
  • blood for drinking water, [79];
  • seen by Espejo, [116];
  • on upper Missouri, Lewis and Clark, [164]
• Buildings at railway terminals, [332]
• Burr, Aaron, [184]
• Butler, description of northland, [40];
  • quoted, [146]
• C
• Cabeza de Vaca, [2];
  • arrives in Mexico, [108];
  • crosses the Sierra Madre, [107];
  • cures the people, [106];
  • duration of his wanderings, [108];
  • route of, [108];
  • starts west, [106];
  • wrecked, [104]
• Cabrillo coasts north along California, and dies, [119]
• Cache, definition of, [81]
• Cactus, blossoms of, [10]
• Caddo tribe, where classed, [64]
• Caddoan stock, location of, [63]
• Caldron Linn, [210], [216]
• California, Gulf of, [4];
  • aid to railways, [329];
  • location of, [8];
  • missions, names of, number of, and when founded, [122];
  • routes to, [309];
  • settlement, [120];
  • towns of, captured by American ships, [300]
• Californian stocks, [68]
• Callville, Rodgers takes steamer to Callville, [317]
• Campbell, Robert (name also given by some, Richard), [242];
  • awards discovery of Salt Lake to Bridger, [242];
  • from Santa Fé to San Diego, [257];
  • knew the Crossing of the Fathers, [314];
  • meets Wyeth, [273];
  • starts with Sublette for St. Louis, [274]
• Canadian voyageur, [129], [147]
• Canyon, Split Mountain, Whirlpool, [294];
  • Desolation, Gray, Labyrinth, Stillwater, [322];
  • Cataract, Grand, Glen, Marble, Narrow, [324];
  • Marble-Grand, [324], [325], [326]
• Canyons of the Colorado, barrier of, [316], [322];
  • the final problem, [320]
• Cape Disappointment, [148]
• Caravans of the Santa Fé Trail, [258], [259];
  • methods of forming camp, [260]
• Cardenas, goes to Tusayan, [110];
  • first to see the Grand Canyon, [110];
  • time between first sight of the Grand Canyon and Powell's exploration of it, [325]
• Carretas, Mexican carts, [267]
• Carson, Alexander, killed Sioux for fun, [58];
  • with W. P. Hunt, [204]
• Carson, Kit (Christopher), [232], [249], [254];
  • character, [255];
  • fights duel, [288];
  • hunter for Fort Davy Crockett, [255];
  • traps down the Gila and on the Sacramento, [255]
• Carthage Jail, Joseph Smith murdered there, [305]
• Cartier, discovers Newfoundland, [128];
  • up the St. Lawrence, [128];
  • to site of Montreal, [130]
• Carver, Jonathan, [180];
  • tells of the river Oregon, [140]
• Casa Grande, ruins of, [68];
  • Kino first to see, [120]
• Cascade range, [6]
• Casement, J. S., chief contractor Union Pacific Railway, [330], [337];
  • Dan, [337]
• Castoreum, musky secretion of beaver, [27];
  • used as bait, [27];
  • in medicine, [27]
• Cataract Canyon on the Colorado River, [324];
  • name carved there, [296]
• Catholics in the northern Wilderness, [308]
• Catlin, painted buffalo, etc., [38];
  • on steamer Yellowstone, [285]
• Cavelier, Robert, Sieur de la Salle, [133]
• Central Pacific Railway, [328]
• Cerré, with Bonneville, [272]
• Chaboillez, Charles, [158];
  • sent note to Lewis, [163]
• Chaboneau, interpreter to Lewis and Clark, [163];
  • Creek, [163]
• Chambers to Santa Fé in 1812, [257]
• Chamita, site of Oñate's first settlement, [130]
• Champlain, founds Quebec, [130];
  • goes westward, [130]
• Chamuscado enters New Mexico, [114]
• Charles, Fort, [151]
• Chepewyan, Fort, founded, [147]
• Cheyenne, tribe, where classed, [64];
  • town of, [334]
• Chichilticalli, [110]
• Chihuahua, Pike taken to Salcedo's headquarters there, [192]
• Chittimachan, stock, location of, [67]
• Chittenden, H. M., on Bonneville, [270];
  • reference to his book, [270];
  • quoted, [270], [271], [277], [280];
  • opinion of Bonneville, [271];
  • opinion of the Salt Lake exploring project, [277];
  • on Bonneville's breach of discipline, [284]
• Children, treatment of, by Amerinds, [85]
• Chinook jargon, [63]
• Chippewa tribe, where classed, [63]
• Chouteau, Auguste, [174], [194]
• Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, [304]
• Cibola, Seven Cities of, [110], [113]
• Cibola, cows of, [34];
  • why so called, [34]
• Cicuye, [112]
• Cimarron River, [257]
• Claims of the various Powers in North America, [144]
• Clan, [82];
  • life, [82];
  • names, [86];
  • property, [82]
• Clappine drowned, [210]
• Clark, Chaboneau, and Sacajawea nearly lost, [166]
• Clark, George Rogers, [153], [157]
• Clark, William, to go with Lewis, [157];
  • commissioned lieutenant, [158];
  • explores Salmon River, [169];
  • made agent for the western tribes, [174];
  • made general of militia, [174];
  • ordered to suppress whiskey still, [286]
• Clarke hangs a Nez Perce, [243]
• Clatsop, Fort, [170], [196]
• Clyburn, his dash for life, [245];
  • walks to Council Bluffs, [245]
• Coahuiltecan stock, location of, [67]
• Coast range, [8]
• Color of buffalo, [38]
• Colorado, City, [224];
  • first American structure in State of, [186];
  • Plateau, [270]
• Colorado River, canyons, [4];
  • canyons a barrier, [316];
  • canyons avoided, [17];
  • crossed with difficulty, [314];
  • Derby explores to Yuma, [315];
  • final problem, [320];
  • first steamer on, [315];
  • headwaters of, [4];
  • length of, [4];
  • map showing Marble-Grand Canyon, [326];
  • Oñate arrived at it, [116];
  • only one way to explore it, [314];
  • point where Powell's men left him, [326];
  • Powell desires to explore it, [320];
  • remained unknown till Powell, [18];
  • Sumner and Hawkins the only men to go all the way from Green River Valley to tidewater, [325];
  • the close canyons, [322];
  • tidal bore, [249];
  • unbroken, [250], [314];
  • valley, [6];
  • verticality of walls, [324]
• Colorado River, Little, [116]
• Colorado, steamboat, [315]
• Colter, his race for life, [194];
  • through the geyser region of the Yellowstone, [196];
  • trapper, [194]
• Columbia River, Aguilar at mouth of, [142];
  • bar, [142];
  • discovery by Heceta, [142];
  • first at mouth of, [4];
  • first news of, [133];
  • Fishing and Trading Company, [283];
  • Great Britain claims mouth of, [219];
  • rumours of, [138];
  • visited by a native of Louisiana, [140]
• Columbia, ship, [4], [150]
• Comanche, tribe, where classed, [63];
  • and Kiowa intimately associated, [64];
  • house, [68]
• Comal (comalli), [267]
• Compagnie d'Orient, [138]
• Conception River, name applied to the Mississippi, [133]
• Concrete made with clay and gravel, [68]
• Conejos, Rio, Pike builds fort there, [189]
• Conflicting territorial claims, [155]
• Congress, generosity of, [303];
  • passes railway bill, [328]
• Constitution, ship, sent to convoy the Tonquin, [199]
• Continental divide, [2]
• Contractor, chief, of Union Pacific Railway, [330]
• Cook, Captain, doubts existence of North-west Passage, [148]
• Cooper goes to Santa Fé in 1822, [257]
• Copper mines in New Mexico, [267]
• Corazones, Valle de los (Valley of the Hearts), [107]
• Coronado, Francis Vasquez de, [109];
  • arrived near Kansas City, [126];
  • expedition projected, [108];
  • expedition, [110];
  • finds buffalo robes at Cibola, [34];
  • goes east, [112];
  • goes with Marcos to see Mendoza, [109];
  • injured, [113];
  • referred to, [183];
  • returns to Mexico, [113];
  • returns to Tiguex, [113]
• Corralling buffalo, [46]
• Cotton cultivated, [93]
• Coues, discovers Fowler's journal, [235];
  • suggestion as to Pike's real intentions, [184]
• Council Bluffs, [222];
  • Clyburn walks there, [245]
• Coureurs de bois, [136]
• Cree tribe, where classed, [63]
• Creek tribe receive white refugees, [262]
• Crook, General, [266]
• Crooks, Ramsay, with Wilson Price Hunt, [205]
• Crooks, rejoins Hunt, [212];
  • starts back, [210]
• Crossing of the Fathers (El Vado de los Padres), [125];
  • early known to Robert Campbell, [314];
  • Jacob Hamblin goes that way, [317];
  • map showing position of, [326]
• Crow chief's opinion of the whites, [291]
• Crow method of truce conference, [293]
• Crow tribe, where classed, [61]
• Crozat, Antoine, grant to, [138]
• Cruelty of Amerinds, [100]
• Cruz, Friar Juan de la, [114]
• Cruzatte accidentally shoots Lewis, [174]
• Cruzatte's post, [160]
• Cunames, town found by Espejo on the Puerco, [114]
• Currant Creek, Pike camps at mouth of, [188]
• D
• Dakota, tribe, where classed, [61];
  • tipi, [68]
• Davis in the Far North, [131]
• Dawson killed by a white bear, [235]
• Day, John, reduced to a skeleton, [212];
  • dies, [216]
• Dead Sea of America, [304], [305]
• Deception Bay, [148]
• Dellenbaugh, Mount, [324]
• Denver to Salt Lake, road explored, [315]
• Derby, Lieutenant, explores Colorado up to Yuma, [315]
• Deseret, State of, [305], [308]
• De Smet, Father, [308]
• Desolation, Canyon of, [322]
• De Soto. See Soto.
• Diamond Creek, [317]
• Diaz, Melchior, sent to reconnoitre, [109];
  • explores from Corazones to the Colorado River, [111];
  • finds, letters from Alarçon, [111];
  • goes back with Marcos, [111];
  • dies, [111];
• Dickson met by Lewis and Clark, [174]
• Dillon, Sidney, [333]
• Disappointment, Cape, [148]
• Diseases, ravages of, [97]
• Disorder at railway terminals, [336]
• Dixon, [148]
• Dixon and Hancock, [194]
• Dodge, General, [336];
  • chief engineer Union Pacific Railway, [330]
• Dog, the only domestic animal of the Amerind of North America, [56];
  • used as food, [77]
• Dolores Mission, Sonora, Mexico, [120]
• Domesticating buffalo, [51]
• Dorantes, Andreas, [106]
• Dorion, [161];
  • lived early with the Sioux, [151];
  • Pierre, with Hunt, [206];
  • his squaw and children, [210];
  • squaw has a child on the road, [213]
• Dougherty, one of Pike's men, freezes his feet, [190]
• Drake on California coast, [119]
• Drake's Bay, [119]
• Drewyer, interpreter for Lewis and Clark, [163]
• Drouillard, interpreter for Lewis and Clark, [163]
• Drunkenness at railway terminals, [332]
• Duff, John, [333]
• Dugout house, [332]
• Dunbar, [181]
• Dupratz, story of great western river heard by him, [140]
• Durant, Doctor, [336]
• Dutch at New York, [132]
• E
• Echo Park, [294]
• El Real de Dolores, gold mine in New Mexico, [267]
• El Vado de los Padres (the Crossing of the Fathers), [125]
• Engineer Cantonment, [222]
• Entrails of animals eaten raw, [79]
• Escalante, buffalo seen by him on White River near Green River, [36];
  • names Arroyo del Cibolo, [36];
  • journey of, [124];
  • abandons attempt to reach San Gabriel, [125];
  • crosses the Colorado, [125];
  • route, [168];
  • mentioned, [317]
• Escalona, Luis de, remains in New Mexico, [113]
• Eskimauan stock, [66]
• Esmeralda, steamboat, goes up the Colorado, [317]
• Espejo, Antonio de, goes to New Mexico, [114];
  • direction of his route from Tiguex, [114];
  • goes to Zuñi, [116];
  • to San Francisco Mountains, [116];
  • route, [116];
  • sees buffalo on the Rio Pecos, [116]
• Espiritu Santo, Rio de, [104]
• Estevan, companion of Cabeza de Vaca, [106];
  • guides Friar Marcos, [108];
  • killed, [108];
  • Diaz meets some of the natives who were with Estevan when he went to Cibola, [110]
• Evangeline, Longfellow's poem, cited, [130]
• Expedition of Lewis and Clark, [157], [158]
• Expedition of Villazur toward the Missouri in 1720, [117]
• Exploration of the Colorado by Ives, [317]
• Explorations of the Californian coast, [119]
• Explorer, The, Ives's steamboat, [317];
  • picture of, [316]
• F
• Falls of the Missouri, [166]
• Faith Promoting Series, Books of the Mormon Church, [313]
• Farnham cited, [295]
• Father de Smet, [308]
• Ferrelo explores coast of Oregon, [119]
• Fidler, Peter, [160];
  • goes south-west from Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains, [151]
• Fields, Reuben, with Lewis and Clark, kills a Blackfoot, [172]
• First, highway to the Wilderness, [130];
  • European settlement in the United States, [130];
  • traverse of the continent north of Mexico, [148];
  • American to go to California overland, [250];
  • American to see the Grand Canyon, [250]
• Fitzpatrick, with Ashley, [234];
  • guides Parker, [287]
• Flaming Gorge, [238];
  • first of the canyons below Green River Valley, on Green River, [234]
• Florida, [127];
  • conquest of, [103];
  • ceded to the United States, [220]
• Floyd, Sergeant, death of, [162]
• Fontaine qui Bouille, Boiling Spring Creek, [186];
  • Long camps on it, [224];
  • Frémont's name for it, [224]
• Fontenelle guides Parker, [287]
• Forsyth, Thomas, opinion of methods of treating natives, [269];
  • tells of abuse of natives, [269]
• Fort, Chepewyan, [147];
  • Charles, [151];
  • Mandan, [162];
  • Clatsop, [170];
  • Smith, Long arrives there, [227];
  • Nonsense, [272];
  • Walla Walla, [281];
  • Hall, [283];
  • Vancouver, [283];
  • Tecumseh, [285];
  • Union, whiskey still at, [286];
  • Davy Crockett, Meek at, [294];
  • Yuma, position of, [315]
• Fort Yuma, Derby explores river to, [325];
  • Sumner and Hawkins go there, [325]
• Forty-ninth parallel boundary, [219]
• Forty-second parallel boundary, [220]
• Fossil remains of buffalo, [38]
• Fowler, Jacob, builds first house by an American at Pueblo, [235];
  • goes to Santa Fé, [235];
  • journal of, [235];
  • his description of Dawson's condition after the bear fight, [237]
• Fowler and Glenn, go to Taos, [235];
  • meet McKnight, Chambers, and Baird, who were imprisoned in Mexico, [257]
• Foy killed by Blackfeet, [274]
• Fraeb hunts through the Rocky Mountains, [280]
• France loses footing on the continent, [141]
• Franciscan Order supersedes the Jesuit in California, [122]
• Francis La Flesche, quoted, [89]
• Franklin, Missouri, starting-point of Santa Fé Trail, [257]
• Fraser's fort, [197], [198]
• Fraser River, [148]
• Frémont, John C., [225], [271], [298], [303], [304], [308]
• French, advance by the St. Lawrence route, [129];
  • settlement on the St. John's River, [130];
  • on the Saskatchewan, [134];
  • first to Hudson Bay, [136];
  • supremacy, [138]
• Frontenac, [132]
• Fuca, Juan de, [119];
  • Strait of, supposed to go through to Atlantic, [142]
• Fulton, [222]
• Fur business still great, [304]
• Fur companies, battles of, [240]
• Furs confiscated, [253]
• Fur trade, [145];
  • rivalry, [286]
• G
• Gadsden purchase, [315]
• Gallatin, Albert, his classification of Amerinds by language, [60];
  • cited, [284]
• Gallatin River, [168]
• Garces, at the Colorado, [124];
  • reaches Bac, [124];
  • journeys of, [124];
  • Sitgreaves follows trail of, [316]
• Gate of Lodore, [294]
• General Jesup, steamboat, [315]
• George, Point, [200]
• Geronimo, [266]
• Gila, trapping on the, [248], [255], [269]
• Glen, Robert, [226]
• Glenn and Fowler, go to Taos, [235];
  • their party fight a white bear, [235];
  • meet McKnight, Chambers, and Baird, [257]
• Glenn, Hugh, to Santa Fé, [235];
  • builds first American house at Pueblo, first in Colorado, [235]
• Golden Gate, [119]
• Gold, mines in New Mexico, [267];
  • found at San Fernando Mission, California, [308];
  • at Sutter's Mill, [308]
• Goodman leaves the Powell party, [322]
• Government, aid to science, [303];
  • sanctions Mormonism, [308];
  • aid to railways, [328];
  • to Union Pacific Railway, [329]
• Governor and Company of Adventurers of England Trading into Hudson's Bay, or the Hudson Bay Company, [136]
• Grafton, Mormons settle there, [313]
• Graham, Lieutenant, takes Long's steamer down, [222]
• Grande Ronde, the valley of, Bonneville arrives there, [281]
• Grand Fork of the Arkansas, [185]
• Grand Island, town of, [334]
• Grand Pawnee war party, [185]
• Grand Peak, the, of Pike, or Pike's Peak, [186]
• Grand River, Powell arrives at its mouth, [322]
• Grand Wash, Hamblin crosses Colorado there, [317];
  • Powell arrives there, [324]
• Grave of Soto, [127]
• Gray Canyon, [322]
• Gray, Captain Robert, [4];
  • discoverer of the Columbia, [142];
  • exchanges ships with Kendrick, [150];
  • enters mouth of the Columbia, [150]
• Great Basin, location of, [6];
  • southern rim of, [6]
• Great Britain acquires Canada, [141]
• Great Britain and the United States agree temporarily as to North-west Territory, [219]
• Great Salt Lake, [304]
• Great Slave Lake discovered by Hearne, [147]
• Greeley, Lewis, accompanies Hamblin to Moki Towns, [318]
• Greenhow, Robert, cited, [119]
• Green River, [4], [208];
  • named after trapper, [234];
  • descended by Ashley, [238];
  • first use of name, [249];
  • Kit Carson becomes familiar with, [255];
  • Meek goes down, [295];
  • map, [295];
  • Bridger's attempt to explore, [314]
• Green River Station, Wyoming, [320];
  • adobe ruins of, [332], [334];
  • terminal, [334]
• Green River Valley, [208], [234], [256]
• Green, trapper with Ashley, [234]
• Gregg, asserts buffalo herd is easily turned, [45];
  • book on Santa Fé Trail, [257];
  • crosses to Santa Fé, [258]
• Grinnell, Henry, rescues Oatman girl, [310]
• Gulf of California receives Colorado River, [4]
• Gun, Amerind acquisition of, a boon, [72]
• Guns of Lewis and Clark, flintlocks, [164]
• Gunnison Valley, [322]
• Gypsiferous clay, [68]
• H
• Halberd, Spanish, found on Reid's farm, [126]
• Hall, [303]
• Hamblin, Jacob, [313], [324];
  • journeys of, [317];
  • explores a road by the Ute Ford to the Moki Towns, [317];
  • goes to Moki Towns via Grand Wash, [317];
  • circumtours the Grand Canyon, [318];
  • first to cross Colorado by Lee Ferry route, [318];
  • Grand Wash to Callville by boat, [324]
• Hammer of silver for driving last spike of Union Pacific, [336]
• Ham's Fork, Green River Valley, [309]
• Hancock meets Lewis and Clark, [174]
• Haney, British trapper, [163];
  • visits Lewis and Clark, [180]
• Harmon, Daniel, [158];
  • his description of the Canadian voyageur, [147]
• Hawkins, of Powell's party, [325]
• Heceta, Inlet of, [142]
• Heceta, Bruno, at mouth of the Columbia, [142]
• Helay River. See [Gila].
• Hennepin, [133]
• Henry, Andrew, [196], [208];
  • discoverer of South Pass, [234];
  • crosses Continental Divide in 1809, [234];
  • with Ashley, [234]
• Henry's Fork, [238]
• Hernando de Soto, expedition of, [126]
• Hidatsa tribe, where classed, [61]
• Hind, description of a buffalo pound,46
• Hoback, trapper, [206];
  • on headwaters of the Snake, [208]
• Hochelaga, original name for site of Montreal, [130]
• Holy Cross, Mountain of the, [8]
• Horse, coming of the, to America, [72]
• Horse Prairie Creek, [168]
• Horses and cattle numerous early in New Mexico, [267]
• Hospitality, [82]
• Hostile Ground, [100], [185]
• House building, nature of, due to surroundings, [70]
• House-building tribes, [66]
• House, of the Shoshones, [68];
  • of the Dakotas, [68];
  • of tribes of New Mexico, [68];
  • of California, [68]
• Houses of the Amerinds, [68]
• Houston wins battle of San Jacinto, [298]
• Hubates, [116]
• Huddart, William, goes from Taos to Green River, [249]
• Hudson Bay Company, or Governor and Company of Adventurers of England Trading into Hudson's Bay, treats Amerinds well, [82];
  • formed, [136];
  • battles with North-west Company, [240];
  • merged with North-west Company, [240];
  • controls Columbia River, [281];
  • in control of Oregon, [281], [283], [289];
  • buys Wyeth out, [283];
  • opposition to, [290];
  • taxes McLoughlin, [290];
  • its governor of Oregon affairs in 1847, [290]
• Hudson Bay discovered, [132]
• Hudson River, [132]
• Human flesh eaten by Amerinds, [79]
• Humboldt River, [277];
  • course of, [6];
  • rise of, [6]
• Hunchback cows of Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca, [2], [32], [106]
• Hunt, Wilson Price, [198];
  • to go overland, [198];
  • organises expedition, [203];
  • leaves St. Louis for Astoria, [204];
  • outfit, [204];
  • leaves the Missouri, [206];
  • route from the Missouri, [207];
  • builds boats, [210];
  • has a canoe wrecked, [210];
  • party splits up, [210];
  • caches goods at Caldron Linn, [211];
  • starving, [212];
  • loses a voyageur, [212];
  • crosses Blue Mountains, [213];
  • arrives at the Columbia, [214];
  • arrives at Astoria, [214];
  • goes to Russian America, [215]
• Hunting buffalo, methods of, [45]
• I
• Iberville starts French settlement at the mouth of the Mississippi, [134]
• Independence, eastern end of Santa Fé Trail, [257]
• Indian. See [Amerind].
• Inlet of Heceta, [142]
• Iowa tribe, where classed, [61]
• Iron Trail, the, best route for, [327]
• Irrigation, by Amerinds, [70];
  • Rio Grande Valley, [175];
  • Mexican, [267];
  • at Salt Lake, [306]
• Irving, Washington, a buffalo hunter, [48];
  • kills a buffalo, [49];
  • on Bonneville, [271];
  • travels over the plains, [287]
• Island Park, [294]
• Iturbide, [257];
  • proclaims Mexican independence, [228]
• Ives, Lieutenant, [317]
• J
• Jackson, President, reinstates Bonneville, [262], [284]
• Jackson's Hole, Wyeth's men killed there, [274]
• James, Dr. Edwin, with Long, [223];
  • climbs Pike's Peak, [224];
  • Peak, first name of Pike's Peak, [225]
• Jamestown, [132]
• Jefferson River, [168]
• Jefferson, Thomas, plans an expedition, [155];
  • proposes sending party to the Pacific overland, [156];
  • instructions to Lewis and Clark, [161]
• Jesuit Order superseded in California, [122]
• Johnson, George A., contracts for transporting supplies on Colorado River from the Gulf to Yuma, [315];
  • takes steamer to head of navigation before Lieutenant Ives, [317]
• Johnston, Colonel Albert Sydney, moves army against the Mormons, [310]
• Joliet, [132]
• Jones, Ben, [216]
• Jonquire plans expedition, [140]
• José, Juan, the Apache chief, [265]
• Julesburg, [334]
• Julien, 1836, name cut on the wall of Labyrinth Canyon and the wall of Cataract Canyon, Colorado River, [296]
• Juniper tree, [10]
• K
• Kanab, [318]
• Kansas City, [309]
• Karankawan stock, location of, [67]
• Karoskiou River, [139]
• Kaskaias tribe met by Long, [226]
• Kearney, General, [300]
• Kendrick, Captain, goes into Strait of Fuca, [150]
• Keresan stock, location of, [67]
• Kichai tribe, where classed, [64]
• Killbuck with La Bonté, [296]
• Kino, Friar, [120];
  • first to see Casa Grande ruins, [120];
  • map of head of Gulf of California, made by, [120];
  • astronomer of Ingolstadt, [124]
• Kiowa tribe, [64]
• Kiowan stock, range of, [64]
• Kiva, [93]
• Knisteneau tribe, [63]
• Kooskooskie River of Lewis and Clark, [170]
• L
• La Bonté, [213];
  • battle with Arapahos, [296];
  • remains at a Ute camp to recuperate, [298]
• Labyrinth Canyon, name carved there, [296];
  • Green River, [322]
• La Charette, Lewis and Clark plan to winter there, [160], [161]
• La Clede founds St. Louis, [141]
• Lake Bonneville, situation and character of, [6], [284]
• Lake Timpanogos, or Utah Lake, [124]
• La Lande, goes to Santa Fé, 1804, [176];
  • Morrison's claim against him, [190];
  • Pike meets him on the way to Santa Fé, [191]
• Lamanite, the Mormon name for the Amerind, [317]
• Land grant, specified, [329];
  • aggregate to Pacific railways, [330]
• Languages, Amerind, number of, in North America, [61]
• Lapage, [164]
• La Paz, missionaries go from there to San Diego, [122]
• La Perouse, explorer, [148]
• La Purisima Concepcion, Mission of, when founded, [122]
• L'Archeveque, the decoy in the assassination of La Salle, [134]
• La Reine, Fort de, of Verendrye, [139]
• Lark, the Astoria supply-ship, wrecked, [218]
• Laroche, British trader, [162];
  • same as La Roque, [162];
  • planned expedition to the Rocky Mountains, [163]
• La Salle, to the mouth of the Mississippi, [133];
  • his dream of colonisation, [134];
  • murdered, [134];
  • expedition, remnant of, found by Leon, [134]
• Lasso, throwing the, in New Mexico, [267]
• Last spike on the trans-continental railway, driving the, [333];
  • last tie, [336]
• Latrobe, Charles, companion of Washington Irving, [287]
• Laut, Miss A. C., Preface, [vii.]
• Lawlessness at the terminals of the trans-continental railway, [332]
• Law's Mississippi Company, [138]
• Le Clerc, Francis, [216]
• Ledyard, John, suggests trans-continental exploration, [153]
• Lee Ferry, first crossing there by white men, [318];
  • map showing location of, [326]
• Lee, Jason and Daniel, [283], [308]
• Lee, John D., leader of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, [312];
  • hides at the mouth of the Paria, [318];
  • begins Lee's Ferry, [318]
• Leithead, Mormon bishop, brings supplies for Powell, [325]
• Lemhi Pass, [168]
• Leon, Alonzo de, finds remnant of La Salle party, [134]
• Leon, Ponce de, [103]
• Lewis and Clark, antedated on the Missouri, [139];
  • Dorion with, [151];
  • their expedition, [158];
  • ready to start, [160];
  • start for winter quarters, [161];
  • men and boats, [161], [162], [163];
  • first sight of Rocky Mountains, [164];
  • in the untrodden Wilderness, [166];
  • pass over the Great Divide, [168];
  • down Snake River and the Columbia, [170];
  • at Fort Clatsop, [171];
  • leave Fort Clatsop, [172];
  • reach St. Louis, [174]
• Lewis, clerk of the Tonquin, blows up the ship, [202]
• Lewis, Meriwether, desires to explore to the Pacific with Michaux, [156];
  • secretary to Jefferson, [156];
  • character and age of, [157];
  • leaves for La Charette, [161];
  • writes to Chaboillez, [162];
  • accidentally shot, [163];
  • on the Divide, [168];
  • shoots a Blackfoot, [172]
• Linguistic map of the Amerinds, [62]
• Linn, Story of the Mormons, [306]
• Lisa, Fort, [222]
• Lisa, Manuel, [151];
  • character and age of, [194];
  • opposes Hunt, [203];
  • goes up the Missouri, [203];
  • quarrels with Hunt, [206];
  • activity of, [221];
  • made sub-agent for the tribes of the Missouri, [221];
  • last voyage and death of, [221];
  • closes an epoch, [232]
• Little Colorado River, [116]
• Little Gun, Crow chief, [293]
• Locations of early Pueblo villages, [115]
• Lodges, construction of beaver, [21]
• Lodore, canyon of Green River, [240];
  • described, [294];
  • descent of river in, [295];
  • trappers wrecked in, [295];
  • Powell wrecked in, [322]
• Lolo Creek, [169];
  • Pass, [169]
• Lonely Dell, [318]
• Long, expedition of, [221];
  • outfit, [222];
  • steamboat of, [222];
  • takes to horses, [222];
  • route, [223];
  • reaches the Arkansas, [226];
  • party divides, [226];
  • searches for Red River, [226];
  • pessimistic on the value of the Wilderness, [304]
• Longfellow's Evangeline, [130]
• Long's Peak, Pattie goes there, [249]
• Lopez enters New Mexico, [114]
• Loreto, Mission of, [120]
• Los Angeles, Spanish trail to, [270]
• Louisiana, [219];
  • La Salle's claim to, [133];
  • becomes a French province, [138];
  • ceded by France to Spain, [141];
  • undefined area of, [145];
  • transferred by Spain to France, [152];
  • bought by the United States, [152];
  • transferred to the United States, [152];
  • undefined, [153];
  • map of, [154];
  • western limit claimed by the United States, [155];
  • defined by Spain, [161];
  • purchase ratified by Congress, [161];
  • cession consummated to United States, [161];
  • bounds of, [181];
  • claims as to boundaries, [181];
  • boundary between it and British territory, [219];
  • bearing of Pacific Fur Company on boundary of, [219];
  • boundary, [220];
  • Purchase limits, [220]
• Lussat, [152]
• M
• McClellan, [174], [205], [216]
• McCracken, [162]
• McDougall, next in command to Hunt, [199];
  • in charge of Fort George, Astoria, [218];
  • denounced, [219]
• McKay goes on the Tonquin, [200]
• Mackenzie, Alexander, [146], [163];
  • to the Arctic, [147];
  • Mackenzie River, [147];
  • to the Pacific, [148];
  • reaches tidewater at King Island, [160]
• McKenzie, Donald, [202];
  • Kenneth, [284]
• McKnight, Chambers, and Baird imprisoned, [257];
  • meet Glenn and Fowler, [257]
• McLoughlin, Hudson Bay Company governor, [290]
• McTavish reaches Astoria, [218]
• Mad River, [208]
• Madison River, [168]
• Maize, a staple before the whites arrived, [76], [77]
• Maldonado, Alonso del Castillo, companion of Cabeza de Vaca, [106]
• Malgares, character of, [182];
  • expedition of, [182];
  • Robinson's opinion of, [192];
  • escorts Pike and Robinson to Chihuahua, [192]
• Malhado Island, [104]
• Mallet brothers, [176]
• Mandan, tribe, where classed, [61];
  • house, [68];
  • country, [158];
  • go every spring to Rocky Mountains, [158];
  • Lewis and Clark leave Fort, and start west, [163];
  • burned, [174]
• Map of Louisiana and of the Wilderness, [154]
• Maple sugar, [72]
• Marble Canyon, [324]
• Marble-Grand Canyon, length of, [324]
• Marcos of Niza, Friar, [108];
  • sees the Seven Cities, [109];
  • sent back, [110];
  • repeats his story, [110]
• Maria's River, [166]
• Marquette, [132];
  • down the Mississippi, [133]
• Mary's River, [277]
• Massacre, of Villazur's party, [119];
  • of the Whitman family, [290];
  • at Mountain Meadows, by Mormons, [310];
  • at Plum Creek, Union Pacific Railway, [330]
• Mastodon bones beneath those of buffalo, [35]
• Maxent (or Maxan), La Clede and Company, [194]
• Maximilian, Prince of Wied, goes up the Missouri, [284]
• Mayflower, the, [132]
• Meadows, beaver, [24]
• Meares fails to find the Rio de San Roque, [148]
• Meek, Joe, appears in the Wilderness, [278];
  • shoots a Digger, [278];
  • in Oregon, [290];
  • quoted, [292];
  • at Fort Davy Crockett, [294];
  • goes through the canyon of Lodore on the ice, [294]
• Mendoza, Viceroy of Mexico, sends Marcos of Niza to the north country, [108];
  • sends Coronado to search for the Seven Cities, [110];
  • his attitude toward Coronado on the latter's return, [113]
• Mesquite tree, [10]
• Metate, [267]
• Methodist missionaries into the Wilderness, [308]
• Mexican, natives with Coronado remain behind, [113];
  • found at Zuñi, [116];
  • mountains seen by Pike, [185];
  • independence, [228];
  • permission for trapping, [253];
  • Gregg's opinion of people and government, [264], [268];
  • not respected by trappers, [264];
  • amusements, [265];
  • trade with Apaches, [265];
  • agriculture, etc., [267];
  • irrigation, [267];
  • tariff on American goods, [268];
  • belief that the Neuces bounded Texas, [298];
  • companions of Walker lasso Amerinds, [280];
  • war with the United States, [300];
  • cession of 1848, [300]
• Michaux, Andre, [156]
• Middle Park, Denver, to Salt Lake, road through, [315]
• Minitarees, country of, [166]
• Mission of San Fernando, discovery of gold there, [308]
• Missionaries, at San Francisco Bay, [122];
  • from La Paz to San Diego, [122];
  • go to Oregon, [287];
  • looked upon with suspicion by natives, [290];
  • Protestant, hold themselves above the trappers, [290];
  • Catholic, try to descend Colorado, [295]
• Missions, in New Mexico, [117];
  • in Lower California, [120];
  • arrangement of, [122];
  • list of California missions and dates of founding, [122]
• Mississippi, Radisson's discovery, Preface, [vii.];
  • Soto's crossing, [127];
  • upper, discovered, [132]
• Missouri, River, main highway to the Wilderness, [4];
  • Todd goes up it, [151];
  • Falls of, [166];
  • Fur Company founded, [197]
• Mohaves buy Oatman girls, [309]
• Moki, tribe, where classed, [63];
  • villages, [67];
  • corn planting, [70];
  • Towns, Hamblin goes there, [317];
  • Ives goes there, [317]
• Montagne à la Basse, British trading post, [158], [163]
• Monterey Bay, missionaries fail to reach it, [122]
• Monterey, Walker passes the winter there, [280]
• Montreal, former native name for its site, [130]
• Monts, Sieur de, founds Port Royal, [130]
• Monument built by Verendrye, [139]
• More, one of Wyeth's men, killed in Jackson's Hole, [274]
• Mormon, Book of, [304]
• Mormons, The Story of the, Linn cited, [306]
• Mormons, [304];
  • origin of, [304];
  • opposition to, [304];
  • books of the, [305];
  • migrations, [305];
  • arrive at Salt Lake, [305];
  • privations of, [306];
  • order, [307];
  • claim to be invincible, [310];
  • condemn the Mountain Meadows Massacre, [312];
  • settle on the Santa Clara, [313];
  • desirous of opening road across the Colorado for the benefit of the Lamanites, [317]
• Morrison's claim against La Lande, [190]
• Mosca Pass, Pike goes through it, [189]
• Moscoso de Alvarado, [127]
• Mother of Floods, the, [181]
• Mountain Meadows, trail through, [270], [309];
  • Massacre, [310]
• Mountain, Wilderness, character of, [6];
  • of the Holy Cross, [8]
• Mount Dellenbaugh, Powell's three men killed near it, [324]
• Mules, cars cut off to obtain blood for drinking, [257];
  • on the Santa Fé Trail, [258];
  • detect approach of natives, [260]
• Mush, [79]
• Muskbogs, [27]
• N
• Nachitoches, [182]
• Napoleon plans for Louisiana, [152];
  • sells it, [152]
• Narrow Canyon, [324]
• Narvaez, Panfilo de, [2], [103], [104]
• Natchezan stock, location of, [67]
• National Yellowstone Park, [8]
• Nauvoo, Illinois, Mormon town of, [305]
• Navajo, tribe, where classed, [61], [66];
  • Puebloan mixture with, [66];
  • house, [93]
• Navigation on Colorado, Johnson first to reach head of, [317]
• Nephi, Mormon town, [309]
• Nevada, first trapper to traverse, [269]
• New Archangel, or Sitka, [215]
• New Jerusalem of the Mormons, [305]
• New Mexico, trapping in, [253];
  • gold mines of, [267];
  • ceded to the United States, [300]
• New Orleans, a port of deposit for the United States, [152];
  • privilege revoked by Spain, [152]
• Nez Perces, one hung by Clark, [243];
  • friendly to Bonneville, [274]
• Nidiver, shoots two natives on suspicion, [278]
• Night attacks seldom made, [72]
• Nixon, O. W., his book cited, [289]
• Niza. See [Marcos of Niza].
• Nonsense, Fort, [272]
• North America divided between three Powers, [141]
• Northern Mystery, [104], [108]
• North Platte, Browne killed near, [330]
• North-west Company, formed, [146];
  • acquires Astoria, [218];
  • active, [221];
  • fights the Hudson Bay Company, [240];
  • merged into Hudson Bay Company, [240]
• North-west Passage disproved, [147]
• Nova Scotia, Acadia, [130]
• Nueces River, considered by Mexico the boundary of Texas, [298];
  • General Taylor ordered to occupy territory west of, [300]
• Nuttall, Thomas, [204], [206];
  • leaves Hunt party, [207];
  • with Wyeth, [283]
• O
• Oatman, massacre, [309];
  • girl rescued by Henry Grinnell, [310]
• Ogden, Peter Skeen, meets Ashley, [240]
• Ogden, River, [227]
• Oldest town in the United States, [116]
• Old Jacob, [313]
• Old Spanish Trail, route of, [270], [309]
• Oñate, Juan de, reaches New Mexico, [116];
  • crosses New Mexico and Arizona via Zuñi, [116];
  • first settlement, [116];
  • goes eastward on the Plains, [117];
  • goes to the mouth of the Colorado, [117]
• Ontario, United States ship of war, at Astoria, [219]
• Ordway brings down boats, [172]
• Oregon, region, [8];
  • first mention of river, [140];
  • river, [151];
  • agreement between United States and Great Britain as to temporary joint occupation of, [219];
  • left free to British and Americans for ten years, [219];
  • rights of Spain in, ceded to the United States, [220];
  • United States claims to, [221];
  • agreement renewed for a second term of ten years, [253];
  • Saviour of, [289];
  • not free to Americans, [289];
  • boundary settled, [290]
• Oregon Trail, beginnings of, [214], [281];
  • becomes popular, [283];
  • Parker and Whitman travel it, [287];
  • start at Westport, [309]
• Orleans, Fort, established, [138]
• Ortiz, Juan, interpreter to Soto, [127]
• Overland stage company, road from Salt Lake to Denver explored for, [315]
• Oviedo, Lope de, [106]
• Oxen on the Santa Fé Trail, [258]
• P
• Pacific, Fur Company, organised, [198];
  • voyageurs, for 198;
  • ended, [218];
  • bearing on boundary questions, [219];
  • railways, right of way, [328];
  • land grant to, [329];
  • cash bonus to, [329];
  • aggregate land grant to, [330];
  • miles built per day, [330];
  • supply train wrecked, by Amerinds, [331];
  • railway completed, [336]
• Padilla, Friar Juan de, [113]
• Pai Utes begin to cultivate maize, [76]
• Palmyra, New York, Mormonism originates near, [304]
• Pambrune, Hudson Bay Company agent, refuses to sell food to Bonneville, [281]
• Paria River, [314];
  • Hamblin crosses Colorado at mouth of, [318];
  • John D. Lee settles at mouth of, [318]
• Parker, Samuel, missionary of the Presbyterian Church, goes to Oregon, [287];
  • his opinion of the trappers, [288];
  • description of a trapper duel, [288]
• Parkman, Francis, description of Beckwourth, [238];
  • goes to the Wilderness, [287]
• Parks of the Rocky Mountains, [6];
  • location of, [6];
  • names of, [6];
  • San Luis, [235]
• Pathfinder, the, [298], [303]
• Pattie, James O., encounter with a buffalo calf, [52];
  • explores the valley of the Colorado, [248];
  • crosses the Continental Divide, [249];
  • book by, [249];
  • returns east, [249]
• Pattie, Sylvester, [246]-[248]
• Pawnee house, [151]
• Pawnee tribe, where classed, [64]
• Peace River, [148]
• Pearl of Great Price, Mormon book, [305]
• Pecos River, natives hunted buffalo there in 1540, [34];
  • Espejo follows it down on his exit from New Mexico, [116]
• Pemmican, how made, [40];
  • accumulated, [80]
• Penn, William, [132]
• Piccolo, Friar, [120]
• Pierre, town of, how named, [285]
• Pierre's Hole, Smith meets Sublette's party there, [252];
  • battle of, [273]
• Pike, Zebulon Montgomery, [178];
  • his Mississippi expedition, [178], [179];
  • returns to St. Louis from the north, [180];
  • goes west, [180];
  • escorts natives to their home, [181];
  • watched by Spaniards, [181];
  • comes to trail left by Malgares, [183];
  • and the Pawnee war party, [185];
  • sees the Rocky Mountains, [185];
  • lack of foresight, [186];
  • reaches foot of Rocky Mountains, [186];
  • his Grand Peak, [186];
  • sufferings of his men, [186];
  • his wanderings, [188];
  • builds fort on Rio Conejos, [189];
  • trapped by the Spaniards, [190];
  • discovers he is not on Red River, [190];
  • meets La Lande, [191];
  • before Governor Allencaster, [191];
  • treatment at Santa Fé, [192];
  • meets Pursley (Purcell), [192];
  • taken to General Salcedo, [192];
  • sent back to the United States, [192];
  • his opinion of the Plains region, [221];
  • pessimistic on the value of the Wilderness, [304]
• Pike's Peak, Long sees it, [224];
  • James first man to climb to its summit, [225]
• Pilot Knobs, name Hunt gave the Three Tetons, [208]
• Pima ruins called Casa Grande, [120]
• Piman stock, range of, [66]
• Pineda, discovers the mouth of the Mississippi, [104]
• Piñon tree, and nut, [10]
• Pitahaya, [10]
• Plains, extent of, [5];
  • character of, [5];
  • rivers of, [6]
• Platte River, [6]
• Plum Creek massacre, [330]
• Plymouth Rock, [132]
• Poala, one of the Tiguex villages, [114]
• Point George, [200]
• Polk, on Rio Grande boundary, [300]
• Ponce de Leon, [103]
• Pone, cornbread, [79]
• Population, [99];
  • estimate of Amerindian, [95]
• Porcupine Bear's protest against whiskey, [94]
• Portneuf River, [281];
  • Wyeth builds his Fort Hall there, [283]
• Potts, trapper, [194]
• Powell, John Wesley, Major, the only explorer who went where modern Amerinds did not go, [90];
  • conceives the idea of exploring the canyons of the Colorado, [320];
  • expedition, [320];
  • loses a boat in Lodore, [322];
  • has a difference with the wrecked men, [322];
  • three of his men leave the canyon and are killed, [324];
  • emerges from the Grand Canyon, [324];
  • leaves the Colorado, [325];
  • helped by Brigham Young, [325];
  • thought to be dead, [325];
  • at St. George tries to get his mail, [325]
• Powell, Walter, [325]
• Prairie buffalo, [38]
• Prairies, extent of, [5]
• Presidio of Tubac, [124]
• Presidios, [122]
• Presbyterians in Oregon, [308]
• Promontory Point, Utah, [336]
• Provost, Etienne, famous trapper, [233];
  • in Brown's Park, 1825, [240]
• Pueblo, Pike at site of, [185];
  • Pike's structure near, [225];
  • first house built there by Americans, [235]
• Pueblo, villages, character of, for defence, [76];
  • storerooms, [80]
• Puebloan, explanation of term, [66];
  • Navajos mixed with, [66];
  • location of, [66];
  • provision against famine, [80];
  • rebellion of, [117]
• Purchase, Gadsden, [325];
  • Louisiana, [152]-[155], [161], [181], [219], [220]
• Purgatoire River, Long follows it, [226]
• Pursley (or Purcell), James, [176];
  • goes to Santa Fé, [177];
  • at Santa Fé, [178];
  • makes gunpowder, [178];
  • finds gold on head of Platte River, [192];
  • meets Pike, [192]
• Q
• Quires, Pueblo village, [114]
• Quivira, [112], [113], [126]
• R
• Raccoon, British man-of-war, arrives at Astoria and renames it Fort George, [218]
• Race variation, [54]
• Radisson, first discoverer of the Mississippi, Preface, [vi.], [132].
• Railway, transcontinental, [327];
  • military importance of, [328];
  • Union and Central Pacific companies formed, [328];
  • Amerind titles extinguished, [329];
  • cash bonus, [329];
  • amount built per day, [330]
• Railways, Government practically paid for them, [330]
• Raleigh in North Carolina, [131]
• Ratafia, [268]
• Rebellion of the Puebloans, [117]
• Red Canyon of Green River, [238];
  • Ashley's name in, [240]
• Red River, [6], [181];
  • Pike's plan concerning, [184];
  • not on it, [190];
  • boundary of Louisiana, [221];
  • Long searches for it, [226];
  • elusive, [227];
  • Sparks attempts to explore it, [227]
• Redwood forests, [8]
• Ree, tribe, where classed, [64]
• Reid, halberd found on his farm in Missouri, [126]
• Rendezvous in Green River Valley, described, [234], [256]
• Ribera, Don Juan Maria de, [139]
• Rigdon, Sidney, real founder of Mormonism, [305]
• Rio, Colorado Grande, same as Seedskedee, [4];
  • Grande del Norte, [5];
  • Grande, head of, [6];
  • de Espiritu Santo, [104];
  • de Buena Guia, the Colorado, [111];
  • de Tiguex, [112];
  • del Norte, [114];
  • Grande Towns, map of, [115];
  • de las Vacas, [116];
  • de Esperanza, [117];
  • de San Roque, [142];
  • Grande Settlements, [175];
  • Conejos, [189];
  • Grande, Pike on, [189];
  • Grande, trapping on, [269]
• River of Palms, the Rio Grande, [127]
• River of the West, [4], [140], [151];
  • rumors of, [138];
  • discovery of mouth by Heceta, [142]
• Rivers of the Plains, [6]
• Rivers, of the Wilderness, [4], [327];
  • of the Rocky Mountains, character of, [204]
• Rizner, trapper, [206]
• Robideau, [255]
• Robinson, Doctor, with Pike, [132], [190];
  • escorted to Chihuahua, [192]
• Robinson, trapper, [206], [208]
• Roche Jaune River, [160], [164]
• Rock picture of buffalo in southern Utah, [36]
• Rocky Mountain Fur Company, [244];
  • rendezvous in Green River Valley, [275];
  • repudiates contract with Wyeth, [283]
• Rocky Mountains, first view of, in the north, [139];
  • Long's first view of, [223];
  • Bijeau often there before, 1820, [226];
  • amount of Government aid to railways through the, [329]
• Rodgers, Captain, [317]
• Rodriguez enters New Mexico, [114]
• Rose, Edward, [237], [263];
  • with Hunt, [207]
• Ross's Hole, [169]
• Route of Lewis and Clark, [173]
• Routes to California, [309]
• Ruddock, Samuel Adams, [233]
• Ruins, [68];
  • of Casa Grande, [68]
• Ruiz, [114]
• Russia agrees on boundary, [254]
• Russian explorations, [140];
  • claims, [220]
• Ruxton quoted, [296];
  • cited, [296]
• S
• Sabine River, boundary of Louisiana, [221]
• Sacajawea, Chaboneau's wife, goes with Lewis and Clark expedition, [163];
  • ill, [166];
  • discovers a brother, chief of the Shoshones, [168]
• Sachem, office of, [85]
• Sacramento, trapping on the, [255];
  • city, aid to Pacific Railway, [330]
• Sacred tent of the Dakotas, [51]
• St. Augustine, date of founding, [116];
  • first settlement by Europeans within the borders of the United States, [130]
• St. Charles, [161]
• St. George, [317];
  • Lamanites to be endowed there, [317]
• St. Louis, founded, [141];
  • developing, [151];
  • point of departure for the Wilderness, [143];
  • in 1830, [244];
  • intercourse with Santa Fé, [257]
• Salcedo, General, [192]
• Salishan stock, range of, [68]
• Salleto, Don Ignacio, captures Pike, [190]
• Salt, lagoons of New Mexico, [8];
  • in California, [8];
  • where obtained by the Amerinds, [72]
• Salt Lake, early visitors, [233];
  • Ashley meets Ogden there, [240];
  • Bridger visits it, [242];
  • Ashley's men circumnavigate it, [242];
  • Provost there before Bridger, [243];
  • Bonneville's desire to explore it, [276];
  • Frémont sees it, [300];
  • Mormons attracted, [304]-[305];
  • American acquisition of, [308];
  • road to Denver from, explored by Berthoud and Bridger, [315];
  • wrecked trappers go there, [322]
• Salt Lake City, [306]
• Salt Lake Valley, visited 1776 by Escalante, [124]
• Salvatierra, Friar, [120]
• San Antonio de Padua, Mission, when founded, [122]
• San Antonio, settlement of, [134];
  • Texas, population of, in 1805, [176]
• San Carlos de Monterey, when founded, [122]
• San Diego, harbour, visited by Vizcaino and Cabrillo, [119];
  • Mission, when founded, [122]
• San Fernando Mission, when founded, [122];
  • gold found there, [308]
• San Francisco, Bay, missionaries go there, [122];
  • Anza founds mission there, [124];
  • aid to railway, [330]
• San Francisco de Solano de Sonoma Mission, when founded, [122]
• San Francisco mountains, [116]
• San Gabriel, settlement of, [116];
  • Mission, when founded, [122]
• Sangre de Cristo Pass, [189];
  • crossed by Fowler and Glenn, [235]
• San Jacinto, battle of, won by Texans, [298]
• San Joaquin Valley, Walker goes up it, [280]
• San José Mission, when founded, [122]
• San Juan, New Mexico, [130];
  • village of, Oñate's first settlement at, [116];
  • Bautista Mission, when founded, [122];
  • Capistrano Mission, when founded, [122]
• San Luis Obispo Mission, when founded, [122]
• San Luis Park, or Valley, [235]
• San Luis Rey de Francia Mission, when founded, [122]
• San Miguel Mission, when founded, [122]
• San Rafael Mission, when founded, [122]
• San Roque, Rio de, same as the Columbia, [142]
• San Xavier del Bac Mission, often called Bac, [124]
• Santa Aña, General, [228]
• Santa Barbara Mission, when founded, [122]
• Santa Clara, Mission, when founded, [122];
  • River, Mormons settle on the, [313]
• Santa Cruz Mission, when founded, [122]
• Santa Fé, error of date of founding sometimes given, [116];
  • founded by Oñate, [117];
  • population of, in 1805, [175];
  • routes to, [176];
  • Long crosses trails to, [226];
  • the Patties go there, [246], [248];
  • first waggons to, [272];
  • Walker and Cerré go there, [272];
  • Whitman goes there, [290];
  • captured by Americans, [300]
• Santa Fé Trail, [257], [309]
• Santa Inez Mission, when founded, [122]
• Santa Maria enters New Mexico, [114]
• Say, T., with Long, [223]
• Scalp, Thompson's, preserved, [332]
• Scalped alive, [330]
• Scalping by white men, [243], [296]
• Sciatoga tribe, or Tushepaws, [214]
• Scott, General, sent to Mexico, [300]
• Secret Town Trestle, [329]
• Seedskedee, same as Green River and Colorado, [4], [234], [250]
• Selkirk, Lord, Red River Colony of, [242]
• Sensitive rose, [10]
• Sequoia trees, [8]
• Seton, Alfred, [272]
• Settlements, in New Mexico, [117];
  • first, in California, [120];
  • first European, in the United States, [130]
• Seven Cities of Cibola, [108], [109];
  • identified with Zuñi, [113];
  • map showing probable direction of, from Tiguex, [115]
• Sevier, River, [6];
  • trapping on, [269]
• Sevier Lake, [6]
• Sherman, General, [328]
• Shiam Shaspusia, name given by Crows to Meek, [294]
• Shinumo group, [67]
• Shoshokoes, [277]
• Shoshone, stock, range of, [63], [64];
  • house, [68];
  • Lewis meets some, [168];
  • Falls, [205], [207], [209]
• Sierra Blanca, [189];
  • see also [frontispiece].
• Sierra Nevada range, [6];
  • Government aid to Pacific railways through, [329]
• Sign language of the Amerinds, [62]
• Sihasapa, Dakota sub-tribe, [63]
• Silver mines in New Mexico, early, [267]
• Simpson, Captain, location of Tiguex by, [113]
• Simpson, Sir George, in charge of Hudson Bay Company in Oregon, [252]
• Siouan stock, how title is formed, [61];
  • range of, [63]
• Sioux, hostility of, [243]
• Sitgreaves reconnoitres Arizona, [316]
• Sitka, [215]
• Smallpox, ravages of, and other diseases, [97];
  • among the Plains tribes, [99]
• Smith, Fort, Long arrives there, [227]
• Smith, George A., Jr., killed by Navajos, [317]
• Smith, Jedediah S., [232];
  • with Ashley, [234];
  • character, [234];
  • goes from Salt Lake to California, [250];
  • goes to San Gabriel Mission, [250];
  • crosses the Sierra, [251];
  • returns to Salt Lake, [251];
  • goes to California a second time, [251];
  • attacked by Mohaves, [251];
  • thrown into prison by the Spaniards in California, [251];
  • traps to the Columbia, [251];
  • circuits he made, [252];
  • party destroyed by Shastas, [252];
  • reaches Fort Vancouver, [252];
  • meets Sublette's search party, [252];
  • back at Salt Lake, [252];
  • killed by Comanches, [262];
  • Gregg's estimate of, [262];
  • first to traverse Nevada, [269];
  • Walker's journey compared to Smith's, [280]
• Smith, Joseph, Mormon prophet, [304];
  • murder of, [305]
• Smith, Pegleg, [263];
  • see [Thomas L. Smith].
• Smith, Thomas L., [263];
  • amputates his leg, [263];
  • called Pegleg, [263];
  • his business, [263];
  • gives up raiding, [264];
  • he and Beckwourth make a raid, [264]
• Snake River, [210];
  • plain, [211]
• Snow sheds in the Sierra, [331]
• Socorro, copper mines near, [267]
• Soledad Mission, when founded, [122]
• Song of the voyageur, [129]
• Sonora, Mission of Dolores in, [120];
  • Pass, Sierra Nevada range, [280]
• Sonoran government proclamation concerning booty taken from natives, [265]
• Soto, Hernando de, [126];
  • crosses the Mississippi, [127];
  • death and burial, [127];
  • forgotten, [133]
• Sounds, strange, heard by Lewis and Clark, [168]
• South Pass, discovered by Andrew Henry, [234];
  • Bonneville goes over it, [272];
  • Frémont selected to explore it, [300]
• South-west, little mention of the trapping that went on there, [269]
• Spain and the United States, relations of, in 1805, [181];
  • agree on Louisiana boundary, [220]
• Spalding, Reverend H. H., with Whitman, [289]
• Spaniards expelled by the Pueblos from New Mexico, [117]
• Spanish, term for buffalo, [34];
  • restrictions on exploration, [117];
  • Fork, [124];
  • destroy French in Florida, [130];
  • protest against the transfer of Louisiana to the United States, [152];
  • objection to Lewis and Clark's entering Louisiana before transfer, [160];
  • watch Pike, [181];
  • intention regarding Pike, [190];
  • claims, [220];
  • River, [208], [234];
  • women on Santa Fé Trail, [258];
  • Trail, [270], [322]
• Sparks, one of Pike's men, freezes his feet, [190];
  • Captain, attempts to explore Red River, [227]
• Spike, the last, [335], [337]
• Split Mountain Canyon, [294]
• Sportsmen go to the Wilderness, [287]
• Stampede, [260]
• Stanford, Governor, drives the last spike, [336]
• Steamboat, on Long's expedition, [222];
  • to mouth of Yellowstone, [285];
  • first above Council Bluffs, [285];
  • advantage of, on the Missouri, [286];
  • Colorado, Esmeralda, General Jesup, Uncle Sam, [315]
• Stephens, [274]
• Stillwater Canyon, Green River, [322]
• Stock, term as applied to Amerind tribal groups explained, [61];
  • languages of the Amerinds, [61]
• Stony Mountains, [156]
• Strait of Juan de Fuca, [119]
• Straits of Anian, a myth, [147]
• Stuart, James, monument, described by, [140]
• Stuart, Robert, [215], [216], [218], [252]
• Sublette, Milton, [264], [274]
• Sublette, William, with Ashley, [234];
  • with Fitzpatrick and Company buys out Ashley, [244];
  • takes waggons to Wind River, [272]
• Subsistence of the Amerind tribes, [70]
• Succotash, [79]
• Sulte, Benjamin, Preface, [vii.]
• Sumner, Jack, with Major Powell in the exploration of the Colorado, [320];
  • goes down Colorado from Green River Valley to tidewater, [325]
• Supawn, a dish made of cooked corn, [79]
• Sutter's ranch, gold found there, [308]
• Sweetwater River, named by Ashley, [234]
• Swindling by traders, [94]
• T
• Tabbaquena's map, [89]
• Tacoutche Tesse, not the Columbia, [148]
• Tamos villages seen by Espejo, [116]
• Tampa Bay, Soto lands there, [126]
• Tanning buffalo robes, [48]
• Taos, location of, [70];
  • Fowler and Glenn go there, [235];
  • San Fernandez de, Pattie arrives there, [248];
  • lightning, [268]
• Tariff put on American goods into New Mexico, [268]
• Taylor, General, ordered to occupy Rio Grande region, [300]
• Temples of the Virgin, location of, [8]
• Termini of Pacific railways, [332]
• Texas, Spanish settlements in, [119];
  • claim to, given up by the United States, [220];
  • status of, in the Mexican Republic, [298];
  • revolt, [298];
  • triumphs at San Jacinto, [298];
  • western boundary, [298];
  • admitted to the Union, [300]
• Thompson, David, to forestall Astor on the Columbia, [198];
  • arrives at Astoria, [202]
• Thompson, Almon Harris. See [dedication]
• Thompson, William, scalped alive, [330];
  • his scalp preserved, [332]
• Thorn, Captain Jonathan, to command the ship to establish Astoria, [198];
  • killed on the Tonquin, [200]
• Thousand Mile Tree, [328]
• Three Tetons called Pilot Knobs by Hunt, [208]
• Tidal bore, Colorado River, [249]
• Tiguex, [111];
  • rebellion, [112];
  • correct site of, [113];
  • Espejo arrives there, [114];
  • map showing correct location of, [115];
  • below the Puerco, [116]
• Timpanogos, Utah Lake, [124]
• Tobacco, use of, by Amerind tribes, [79]
• Todd, grant from Spain, [151];
  • goes up the Missouri, [151];
  • Reverend Doctor, gives a prayer at the completion of the trans-continental railway ceremony, [333], [336]
• Tonikan stock, [68]
• Tonkawan stock, [67]
• Tonty, [133]
• Tonquin, the doomed vessel, [198];
  • arrives at the Columbia, [199];
  • loses men in trying to cross the bar, [199];
  • goes on a trading voyage, [200];
  • crew massacred, [200]
• Torrey, [303]
• Tortillas, [267]
• Totem, [85]
• Tower of Babel, Amerinds supposed by the Mormons to be descendants of some who were dispersed at that time, [304]
• Townshend, naturalist, with Wyeth, [283]
• Traders, cupidity of, [94], [286]
• Trading-posts on Missouri, [151]
• Trail, of Escalante, [124];
  • from Zuñi to the Crossing of the Fathers, [314]
• Trail, Creek, [168]
• Trap, beaver, [28];
  • where set, [29];
  • bait, [29];
  • picture of, [29]
• Trappers, operations of, [221], [253];
  • qualities of, [231];
  • treatment of natives by, [232];
  • did their own surgery, [288];
  • wrecked in Lodore, [322]
• Traveller's Rest, camp of Lewis and Clark, [169]
• Travois, the, [89]
• Treaty, ending war of 1812, signed, [219];
  • of 1848, between Mexico and the United States relative to the boundary of Louisiana, [300];
  • of Gadsden with Mexico, [315]
• Tribal names, [86]
• Trinchera Valley, [235]
• Trudeau's House, [151]
• Tucson, [124]
• Turk, the, [112]
• Turnbull takes a small steamer to the Colorado, [315]
• Tusayan, [110]
• Tushepaws, or Sciatogas, [214]
• Tutahaco, group of Pueblos visited by Coronado, [114]
• U
• Ugarte, Friar, [120]
• Uinta, range, cut into by Green River, [234];
  • Agency, Goodman leaves the Powell party and goes out that way, [322]
• Umatilla, Hunt arrives in the valley of, [213]
• Uncle Sam, steamboat on the Colorado, [315]
• Union Express Company, [336]
• Union Pacific Railway formed, [328];
  • Government aid to, [329]
• United States, gains all east of the Mississippi, [144];
  • claims in 1818, [220];
  • treaty with Mexico, 1848, [300]
• Utah, Lake, [242];
  • called Timpanogos, [124];
  • territory established, [308]
• Ute, tribe, where classed, [63];
  • action of, on approach of Arapaho enemies, [297];
  • La Bonte goes to a camp, [297];
  • ford of the Colorado, [314];
  • Hamblin crosses by the ford, [317]
• V
• Vaca, Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de, wrecked with Narvaez, [103];
  • first white man to penetrate the Wilderness, [104];
  • starts west, [106];
  • meets Spaniards from the west coast, [107]
• Vacas, Rio de las, [116]
• Vallar, Andri, [216]
• Valley of the Colorado, [6]
• Vancouver, Point, [170]
• Vancouver, in Deception Bay before Gray, [150]
• Vanished race theories, [68]
• Vaquero, [129];
  • Mexican, [267];
  • skill of, [267]
• Vargas, General, reconquers New Mexico from the Pueblos, [117]
• Verendrye, Sieur de la, [138];
  • his expedition, [139];
  • his route, [158]
• Verrazano's cruise, [128]
• Veta Pass, [189]
• Villazur expedition, [117], [138], [182];
  • title of paper on, by Bandelier, [134]
• Virgin River, Jedediah Smith reaches it and calls it Adams River, [250];
  • trapping on it, [269];
  • difference in altitude between Green River Station, Wyoming, and the mouth of, [320]
• Virgin, Thomas, Virgin River perhaps named after him, [250]
• Vizcaino, explorations of, [119];
  • enters San Diego harbour, [119]
• Volunteers, California, march from Salt Lake to Denver over new road laid out by Captain Berthoud, [315]
• Voyageurs, songs of, [129];
  • character of, [147];
  • seasick, [199];
  • with Hunt, [204]
• W
• Waggons, on the Santa Fé Trail, [258];
  • to Wind River and to Green River, [272]
• Walker, [272], [276]-[278], [280]
• Walla Walla, Fort, [281]
• Wallows of Buffalo, [50]
• Wapatoo Island, [283]
• War party, return of an Amerind, [100]
• War Road, The, [100], [185]
• Wasatch Mountains, [5];
  • eastern limit of ancient sea, [6];
  • Escalante crosses them, [124]
• Watermelons preserved all winter, [81]
• Weaving by Amerinds, [93]
• Western Engineer, The, Long's steamboat, [222]
• West port, starting point of Santa Fé Trail, [309]
• Wet Mountain Valley, Pike goes through it, [188]
• Whipple, exploration of, [316]
• Whirlpool Canyon, [294]
• Whiskey, forced on natives, [286];
  • still, at Fort Union, [286];
  • prohibited by the Government, [286];
  • trade, dishonour of, [287]
• White bears (grizzlies), [53], [164];
  • Dawson killed by, [235];
  • one of Pattie's men killed by, [247];
  • number counted in one day by Pattie, [247]
• White blood, infusion of, in Amerind tribes, [72]
• White buffalo, skin sacred, [51]
• White Mountains, [189]
• Whitman, Dr. Marcus, [287]-[289], [290], [308]
• Wichita tribe, where classed, [64]
• Wickiup, [68]
• Wilderness, area, [1];
  • rivers, [4], [327];
  • first European settlements in the, [5];
  • climate and character, [10], [230];
  • relief map, [24];
  • great elevation of, [230];
  • crimes in, [232];
  • resources of, in the opinion of Pike, of Long, of Frémont, [304];
  • final great problem, [320];
  • broken, [324]
• Wilkinson, General, [164];
  • Lieutenant, [184]
• Willamet, [170]
• Willow Island, [332]
• Wind River, [207];
  • Mountains, highest peak climbed by Frémont, [300]
• Wolf, mad, [275]
• Wolfskill, William, opens route to California, [270];
  • at Los Angeles, [270];
  • trail, [309];
  • referred to, [322]
• Women, first European, to cross the plains, [258]
• Wonsits Valley, [294], [322]
• Wood buffalo, [38]
• Wyeth, Nathaniel J., goes to the Wilderness, [273];
  • first continuous trip across the continent, [275];
  • builds Fort Hall, [283];
  • sells out to Hudson Bay Company, [283];
  • reports whiskey still of Fort Union, [286]
• X
• Xavier del Bac, San, mission, [124]
• Y
• Yaqui River, Mexico, Cabeza de Vaca reaches it, [107]
• Yellowstone, [8], [164];
  • geysers and Great Falls, [8];
  • Verendrye passes, [139];
  • named before Lewis and Clark's time, [196];
  • Ashley descends with furs, [242]
• Yellowstone, steamboat, [285]
• Yosemite Valley, [8];
  • first whites there, [280]
• Young, Brigham, becomes head of the Mormon Church, [305];
  • character of, [305];
  • goes to Salt Lake, [306];
  • appointed Governor of Utah, [308];
  • has a difference with the Washington Government, [310];
  • directs Jacob Hamblin to explore a road across the Colorado, [317];
  • sends help to Powell, [325]
• Young, Ewing, [264]
• Yucca, [10]
• Z
• Zuñi, stock, location of, [67];
  • not the site of Cibola, [113];
  • Espejo goes there, [116];
  • trail from, to the Crossing of the Fathers, [314]

Canada Lynx.

From Wonderland, 1904. Northern Pacific Railway.

FOOTNOTES

[1] See also Sulte (Benjamin), Découverte du Mississippi en 1659. In Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Second Series, vol. ix., (1903), section i., pp. 3-44. Radisson's veracity is not unquestioned.

[2] For an admirable account of the fur trade see The American Fur Trade of the Far West, by H. M. Chittenden.

[3] See The American Beaver and his Works, by Lewis H. Morgan.