The best results are obtained when the lip is sufficiently detached from the jaw by deep incisions beginning at the duplicature of the mucous membrane. This insures the necessary mobility, and is considered by him the most important step in the operation.
Fig. 186. Fig. 187.
Von Esmarch Method.
Maas and von Langenbeck Methods.—Maas and von Langenbeck vivify the median peninsula in square fashion, as shown in [Fig. 188], and suture the fresh margins of the flaps, as shown in [Fig. 189], according to [Fig. 190].
Fig. 188. Fig. 189. Fig. 190.
Maas Method.
Haagedorn Method.—Haagedorn’s method is very similar to the above except that in cutting square the inferior border of the median portion he fashions it into a triangular form, with the object of giving to the prolabium the tiplike prominence found in the normal lip, and also avoiding the cicatricial notch obtained with the direct suturing of the vermilion border on a line with its inferior limitation. The various steps of his method are shown in [Figs. 191, 192, 193].