Auvert Method.—Like the method of Keegan, the frontal flap is made at an angle of forty-five degrees instead of the perpendicular, the flap being cut to the left of the median line. Its outline is shown in [Fig. 329], and differs little at its superior extremity from that of Labat, except that it is made longer and narrower. The left lateral incision runs into the superior border of the old nose at the median line.
Fig. 329.—Auvert Method.
Von Langenbeck Method.—The flap is fashioned like that of Duberwitsky, but the left lateral incision enters the remains of the old nose, as Dieffenbach advised. The superior border was shaped, as shown in [Fig. 330], to form the alæ and columna.
Fig. 330.—Von Langenbeck Method.
Petrali Method.—The shape of the flap is cut in ovate form with its rounded base near the hair line of the forehead. Petrali likens it to the form of the mulberry leaf. The left lateral incision dips down into the median line of the old deformity at its upper border.
The flap, after having been cut free, is folded upon itself along the median line, bringing the raw surfaces together along the dorsum of the new nose, thus giving body to the whole anterior nasal line. Presumably he introduces several sutures through the side of the flap to facilitate union along this line.
The method is illustrated in [Figs. 331 and 332].
