LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Transcriber’s Note: Some illustrations have been moved to where they fit best with the surrounding text. Links lead to the illustration, not to the page number.
| FIG. | PAGE |
| A. Cornelius Celsus (“Father of Plastic Surgery”). | [Frontispiece] |
| Historical | |
| 1.—Celsus incision for restoration of defect | [2] |
| 2.—Celsus incision to relieve tension | [2] |
| Requirements for Operating | |
| 3.—Formaldehyd disinfecting apparatus | [11] |
| 4.—Instrument cabinet | [12] |
| 5.—Operating table | [13] |
| 6.—Instrument table | [14] |
| 7.—Irrigator | [15] |
| 8.—Instrument sterilizer | [16] |
| 9.—Aseptic washstand | [17] |
| 10.—Von Bergman operating gown | [19] |
| 11.—Triffe rubber apron | [19] |
| Requirements during Operation | |
| 12.—Basins and rack | [23] |
| 13.—Willy Meyer sterilizer | [25] |
| 14.—Wallace sterilizer | [25] |
| 15.—Sprague type of sterilizer | [26] |
| 16.—Sterilizing plant | [28] |
| 17.—Dressing case | [29] |
| 18.—Combination dressing case and table | [29] |
| 19.—Waste pail | [30] |
| 20.—Clark Kumol apparatus | [32] |
| Wound Dressing | |
| 21, 22.—Plaster sutures | [46] |
| 23, 24.—Angular plaster sutures | [46] |
| Secondary Antisepsis | |
| 25.—Walcher dressing forceps | [55] |
| 26.—Toothed seizing forceps | [55] |
| Anesthetics | |
| 27.—Schimmelbusch dropping bottle | [60] |
| 28.—Esmarch dropping bottle | [60] |
| 29.—Schimmelbusch folding mask | [61] |
| 30.—Esmarch inhaler | [61] |
| 31.—Allis inhaler | [65] |
| 32.—Fowler inhaler | [65] |
| 33.—Juillard mask | [66] |
| 34.—Simplex syringe | [72] |
| 35.—Kolle improved Pravaz syringe | [72] |
| 36.—“Sub-Q” syringe | [72] |
| Principles of Plastic Surgery | |
| 37.—⅝ circle Haagedorn needles | [77] |
| 38.—Crescent curve Haagedorn needles | [77] |
| 39.—Kersten-Mathieu needle holder | [78] |
| 40.—Haagedorn needle holder | [78] |
| 41.—Pozzi-Haagedorn needle holder | [78] |
| 42.—Weber-Haagedorn needle holder | [78] |
| 43.—Needleholder with suture carrier | [78] |
| 44.—Celsus skin incisions | [80] |
| 44 a.—Celsus relieving incisions | [80] |
| 45.—Rhomboid excision | [80] |
| 46.—Union of rhomboid excision | [80] |
| 47.—Oblong excision | [81] |
| 48.—Coaptation of wound | [81] |
| 49.—Bitriangular excision | [81] |
| 50.—Linear coaptation | [81] |
| 51.—Triangular excision | [81] |
| 52.—Coaptation of wound | [81] |
| 53.—Triangular excision with relieving incisions | [82] |
| 54.—Coaptation of wound | [82] |
| 55.—Square excision | [82] |
| 56.—Coaptation of wound | [82] |
| 57.—Square excision | [82] |
| 58.—Coaptation of flaps | [82] |
| 59.—Triangular excision | [83] |
| 60.—Coaptation of flap | [83] |
| 61.—Triangular excision | [83] |
| 62.—Coaptation of flaps | [83] |
| 63.—Triangular excision | [83] |
| 64.—Arrangement of flaps | [83] |
| 65.—Double triangular excision | [84] |
| 66.—Coaptation of wound | [84] |
| 67.—Tri-triangular excision | [84] |
| 68.—Coaptation of wound | [84] |
| 69.—Rectangular-bitriangular excision | [84] |
| 70.—Coaptation of wound | [84] |
| 71.—Weber excision method | [85] |
| 72.—Coaptation of flaps | [85] |
| 73.—Elliptical excision | [85] |
| 74.—Coaptation of flaps | [85] |
| 75.—Triangular excision | [86] |
| 76.—Coaptation of flaps | [86] |
| 77.—Triangular excision | [86] |
| 78.—Coaptation of flaps | [86] |
| 79.—Lentenner method of excision | [86] |
| 80.—Coaptation of flap | [86] |
| 81.—Burns method of excision | [87] |
| 82.—Coaptation of flaps | [87] |
| 83.—Tagliacozza harness | [87] |
| 84.—Smith skin-grafting scissors | [89] |
| 85.—Thiersch skin-grafting razor | [93] |
| 86.—Thiersch folding razor | [93] |
| 87.—Method of cutting Thiersch graft | [94] |
| 88.—Method of placing Thiersch graft | [95] |
| Blepharoplasty | |
| 89.—Correction of ectropion, Dieffenbach method | [104] |
| 90 a and b.—Correction of partial ectropion (author’s case) | [104] |
| 91, 92.—Complete ectropion, Dieffenbach method | [106] |
| 93, 94.—Complete ectropion, Wolfe method | [107] |
| 95, 96.—Complete ectropion, Fricke method | [108] |
| 97, 98.—Complete ectropion, Ammon-Von Langenbeck method | [109] |
| 99, 100.—Complete ectropion, Dieffenbach-Serre method | [110] |
| 101, 102, 103.—Complete ectropion, Tripier method | [111] |
| 104, 105.—Complete ectropion, Von Artha method | [112] |
| 106, 107.—Epicanthus, Bull method | [113] |
| 108.—Probe-pointer angular scissors | [114] |
| 109, 110, 111.—External canthoplasty | [115] |
| 112, 113.—Blepharoplastics, author’s method | [116] |
| 114.—Curved eye scissors | [117] |
| Otoplasty | |
| 115.—Partial restoration of the auricle | [124] |
| 116.—Correction of lobular defect | [126] |
| 117.—Coaptation of wound | [126] |
| 118, 119.—Greene method correcting coloboma | [126] |
| 120.—Noyes’s clamp | [127] |
| 121, 122.—Correction of attached lobe | [128] |
| 123.—Restoration of auricle, Szymanowski method | [129] |
| 124.—Auricular stump for attachment of artificial ear | [130] |
| 125.—Auricular prothesis | [130] |
| 126.—Auricular prothesis applied to stump | [131] |
| 127.—Anterior view of auricular prothesis | [131] |
| 128.—Posterior view of auricular prothesis | [131] |
| 129, 130, 131.—Schwartze method of correction of macrotia | [134] |
| 132, 133.—Parkhill method of correction of macrotia | [135] |
| 134, 135.—Author’s method of correction of macrotia | [137] |
| 136, 137.—Author’s method of correction of macrotia | [137] |
| 138.—Monks’ method of correction of malposed ear | [139] |
| 139, 140.—Author’s method of correction of malposed ear | [140] |
| 141, 142.—Correction of malposed auricles, author’s case (anterior view) | [142] |
| 143, 144.—Posterior view of replaced auricles | [143] |
| Cheiloplasty | |
| 145.—Burchardt compression forceps | [145] |
| 146.—Beinl harelip clamp | [145] |
| 147.—Median cleft, Siegel’s case | [147] |
| 148.—Median cleft with rhinophyma, Trendelenburg’s case | [147] |
| 149, 150, 151.—Types of unilateral labial cleft | [148] |
| 152.—Unilateral facial cleft, Hasselmann | [149] |
| 153.—Bilateral facial cleft, Guersant | [149] |
| 154.—Buccal fissure with macrostoma | [150] |
| 155, 156, 157.—Harelip correction, Nélaton method | [152] |
| 158, 159.—Harelip correction, Fillebrown method | [153] |
| 160, 161, 162.—Harelip correction, Von Langenbeck-Wolff-Sedillot method | [153] |
| 163, 164, 165.—Harelip correction, Malgaigne method | [154] |
| 166, 167.—Harelip correction, Gräfe method | [154] |
| 168, 169, 170.—Harelip correction, Mirault method | [155] |
| 171, 172, 173.—Harelip correction, Giralde method | [155] |
| 174, 175, 176.—Harelip correction, König method | [156] |
| 177, 178, 179.—Harelip correction, Maas method | [156] |
| 180, 181, 182.—Harelip correction, Haagedorn method | [157] |
| 183, 184, 185.—Harelip correction, Dieffenbach method | [157] |
| 186, 187.—Correction bilateral cleft, Von Esmarch method | [159] |
| 188, 189, 190.—Correction bilateral cleft, Maas method | [159] |
| 191, 192, 193.—Correction bilateral cleft, Haagedorn method | [160] |
| 194, 195, 196.—Correction bilateral cleft, Simon method | [160] |
| 197.—Hainsley cheek compressor | [161] |
| 198, 199.—Superior cheiloplasty, Bruns method | [164] |
| 200, 201.—Superior cheiloplasty, Sedillot method | [165] |
| 202.—Superior cheiloplasty, Buck method | [165] |
| 203, 204, 205.—Superior cheiloplasty, Estlander method | [166] |
| 206, 207.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Richerand method | [169] |
| 208, 209.—Extirpation of vermilion border | [169] |
| 210, 211.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Celsus method with additional incisions | [170] |
| 212, 213.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Estlander method | [171] |
| 214, 215.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Bruns method | [172] |
| 216, 217.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Buck method | [172] |
| 218, 219.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Dieffenbach method | [173] |
| 220, 221.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Jäsche method | [174] |
| 222, 223.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Trendelenburg method | [174] |
| 224, 225.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Bruns method | [175] |
| 226, 227.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Bruns bilateral method | [175] |
| 228, 229, 230.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Buchanan method | [176] |
| 231, 232.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Syme method | [177] |
| 233, 234.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Blasius method | [178] |
| 235, 236.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Bürow method | [178] |
| 237, 238.—Inferior cheiloplasty, von Langenbeck | [179] |
| 239, 240.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Morgan method | [180] |
| 241, 242.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Zeis method | [181] |
| 243, 244.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Delpech method | [182] |
| 245, 246.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Teale method | [185] |
| 247, 248.—Labial ectropion, author’s method | [187] |
| 249, 250.—Labial ectropion, author’s method | [188] |
| Stomatoplasty | |
| 251, 252.—Correction of Macrostoma, Dieffenbach-Von Langenbeck method | [193] |
| 253, 254.—Correction of Macrostoma, author’s method | [195] |
| 255, 256.—Correction of Microstoma, Dieffenbach method | [196] |
| 257.—Artificial mouth, Heuter | [196] |
| Meloplasty | |
| 258, 259.—Meloplasty, Serre method | [199] |
| 260, 261.—Correction of angle of mouth | [200] |
| 262, 263.—Correction of extensive angle of mouth | [200] |
| 264, 265.—Meloplasty, Kraske method | [201] |
| 266, 267, 268.—Meloplasty, Israel method | [202] |
| 269, 270.—Meloplasty, Bardenheuer | [202] |
| 271, 272, 273, 274.—Meloplasty, Bardenheuer | [203] |
| 275, 276, 277, 278.—Meloplasty, Bardenheuer | [204] |
| 279, 280.—Meloplasty, Staffel | [205] |
| 281.—Cheek prothesis after removal of sarcoma, Martin | [206] |
| 282.—Prothesis applied to face | [207] |
| Subcutaneous Hydrocarbon Protheses | |
| 283.—Circulation of the head (author) | [Facing 210] |
| 284.—Eckstein insulated syringe | [232] |
| 285.—Quinlan paraffin heater | [232] |
| 286.—Author’s electrothermic paraffin heater | [244] |
| 287.—Smith paraffin heater | [246] |
| 288 a, 288 b.—Microphotograph, showing fibromatosis | [Facing 258] |
| 289.—Author’s drop syringe | [265] |
| 290.—Author’s all-metal syringe | [266] |
| 291.—Smith’s all-metal syringe | [267] |
| 292, 293.—Anterior superior third nasal deficiency and correction thereof | [289] |
| 294, 295.—Anterior median third nasal deficiency and correction thereof | [292] |
| 296, 297.—Anterior inferior third nasal deficiency and correction thereof | [294] |
| 298 a, 298 b.—Anterior superior and inferior third nasal deficiency and correction thereof | [301] |
| 299, 300.—Anterior total nasal deficiency and corrections thereof | [303] |
| 301.—Untoward effect of paraffin injection about lobule and anterior nasal line | [311] |
| 302, 303.—Profile view, showing correction of antero-lateral deficiency about chin | [330] |
| 304, 305.—Frontal view, showing correction of antero-lateral deficiency about chin; also correction of deficiency of cheeks | [332] |
| Rhinoplasty | |
| 306.—Deficiency of superior and middle third of nose | [342] |
| 307.—Post-ulcerative deformity of superior third of nose | [342] |
| 308.—Loss of right ala, lobule and columna | [342] |
| 309.—Loss of lobule, inferior septum and columna | [342] |
| 310.—Ulcerative loss of right median lateral skin of nose | [343] |
| 311.—Loss of nasal bones, partial dorsum, lobule and septum | [343] |
| 312.—Destruction of nasal bones with dorsum and lobule intact | [343] |
| 313.—Total loss of nose | [343] |
| 314, 315, 316.—Koomas method of rhinoplasty | [353] |
| 317.—Graefe method of rhinoplasty | [353] |
| 318, 319, 320, 321.—Delpech method of rhinoplasty | [354] |
| 322, 323.—Lisfranc method of rhinoplasty | [355] |
| 324.—Labat method of rhinoplasty | [356] |
| 325.—Keegan method of rhinoplasty | [356] |
| 326.—Duberwitsky method of rhinoplasty | [357] |
| 327.—Dieffenbach method of rhinoplasty | [357] |
| 328.—Von Ammon method of rhinoplasty | [358] |
| 329.—Auvert method of rhinoplasty | [358] |
| 330.—Von Langenbeck method of rhinoplasty | [359] |
| 331, 332.—Petrali method of rhinoplasty | [360] |
| 333.—Forque method of rhinoplasty | [361] |
| 334.—D’Alguie method of rhinoplasty | [361] |
| 335.—Landreau method of rhinoplasty | [361] |
| 336.—Von Langenbeck method of rhinoplasty | [361] |
| 337.—Von Langenbeck method of rhinoplasty | [362] |
| 338.—Szymanowski method of rhinoplasty | [362] |
| 339.—Nélaton method of rhinoplasty | [365] |
| 340.—Heuter method of rhinoplasty | [365] |
| 341.—Bürow method of rhinoplasty | [365] |
| 342.—Szymanowski method of rhinoplasty | [366] |
| 343, 344.—Serre method of rhinoplasty | [367] |
| 345, 346.—Maisonneuve method of rhinoplasty | [369] |
| 347, 348, 349.—Dieffenbach arm-flap method | [373] |
| 350.—Szymanowski arm-flap method | [375] |
| 351.—Fabrizi arm-flap method | [376] |
| 352, 353.—Steinthal thoracic flap method | [377] |
| 354, 355.—Volkman method of rhinoplasty | [379] |
| 356.—Keegan method of rhinoplasty | [380] |
| 357, 358.—Verneuil method of rhinoplasty | [380] |
| 359, 360.—Thiersch method of rhinoplasty | [381] |
| 361, 362.—Helferich method of rhinoplasty | [382] |
| 363, 364.—Sedillot method of rhinoplasty | [383] |
| 365.—Berger arm-flap method | [385] |
| 366.—Berger retention apparatus | [385] |
| 367, 368.—Szymanowski rhinoplasty method | [386] |
| 369.—König rhinoplasty method | [391] |
| 370.—Von Hacker rhinoplasty method, arrangement of frontal flap to allow chiseling | [392] |
| 371.—Von Hacker rhinoplasty method, making osteo-periostic support | [392] |
| 372.—Von Hacker rhinoplasty method, bone-lined flap in position | [392] |
| 373, 374.—Rotter rhinoplastic method | [394] |
| 375, 376.—Schimmelbusch frontal flap method | [395] |
| 377, 378.—Helferich rhinoplasty method | [397] |
| 379, 380, 381.—Krause rhinoplasty method | [399] |
| 382.—Nélaton rhinoplasty method | [400] |
| 383.—Nélaton rhinoplasty method, making bony support | [400] |
| 384.—Nélaton rhinoplasty method, cutting through bony plate | [401] |
| 385.—Nélaton rhinoplasty method, disposition of frontal flap | [401] |
| 386.—Israel method, forearm flap | [402] |
| 387.—Israel method, position of forearm to place flap | [403] |
| 388.—Nélaton method, outlining frontal flap | [407] |
| 389.—Nélaton method, locating cartilage strip | [408] |
| 390.—Nélaton method, excision of cartilage strip | [409] |
| 391.—Nélaton method, placing of cartilage strip | [410] |
| 392.—Nélaton method, bringing down frontal flap | [411] |
| 393.—Nélaton method, placing frontal flap | [411] |
| 394, 395.—Steinhausen partial rhinoplasty method | [412] |
| 396, 397.—Neumann partial rhinoplasty method | [413] |
| 398, 399, 400.—Later Neumann partial rhinoplasty method | [415] |
| 401.—Bardenheuer method, shape of flap | [416] |
| 402.—Bardenheuer method, disposition of flap | [416] |
| 403.—Ollier method first step | [417] |
| 404.—Ollier method, second step | [418] |
| 405.—Ollier method, position nasal bone occupies | [418] |
| 406.—Von Langenbeck method, first step | [419] |
| 407.—Von Langenbeck method, showing separation and elevation of nose flaps | [419] |
| 408.—Nélaton method, first step | [421] |
| 409.—Nélaton method, making lower nasal flap | [421] |
| 410.—Nélaton method, forming base of nose | [422] |
| 411.—Nélaton method, ultimate disposition of flap | [422] |
| 412.—Bayer-Payr restoration of lobule, first step | [425] |
| 413.—Bayer-Payr restoration of lobule, disposition of flaps | [425] |
| 414.—Bayer-Payr restoration of lobule, placing of pedicles after division | [425] |
| 415.—Ch. Nélaton method, attachment of forearm flap | [426] |
| 416.—Ch. Nélaton method, forearm flap in position, lateral flaps | [426] |
| 417.—Ch. Nélaton method, disposition lateral flaps | [426] |
| 418.—Denonvillier method, making of flap for ala | [428] |
| 419.—Denonvillier method, disposition of flap for anterior pedicle ala | [428] |
| 420.—Denonvillier method, making of flap for ala, posterior pedicle | [428] |
| 421.—Denonvillier method, disposition of flap for ala, posterior pedicle | [428] |
| 422, 423.—Mutter method of restoration of ala | [429] |
| 424, 425.—Von Langenbeck method of restoration of ala | [430] |
| 426.—Busch method of restoration of ala | [430] |
| 427.—Dieffenbach method of restoration of ala | [431] |
| 428.—Dupuytren method of restoration of ala | [431] |
| 429.—Fritz-Reich method of restoration of ala | [431] |
| 430, 431, 432, 433.—Sedillot method of restoration of ala | [432] |
| 434, 435.—Nélaton method of restoration of ala | [433] |
| 436, 437.—Bonnet method of restoration of ala | [434] |
| 438, 439.—Weber method of restoration of ala | [434] |
| 440.—Thompson mucosa flap | [435] |
| 441, 442.—Thompson method of restoration of ala | [435] |
| 443, 444.—Blandin method of restoration of ala | [436] |
| 445, 446.—Von Hacker method of restoration of ala | [436] |
| 447, 448.—Kolle method of restoration of ala | [437] |
| 449.—Denonvillier method of restoration of ala | [438] |
| 450, 451, 452.—Von Hacker method of restoration of ala | [439] |
| 453.—König method of restoration of ala | [440] |
| 454, 455.—Kolle method of restoration of ala | [441] |
| 456, 457.—Kolle method of restoration of lobule | [442] |
| 458, 459.—Blandin method of restoration of subseptum | [444] |
| 460, 461.—Dupuytren method of restoration of subseptum | [445] |
| 462.—Serre method of restoration of subseptum | [445] |
| 463, 464.—Dieffenbach method of restoration of subseptum | [446] |
| 465.—Heuter method of restoration of subseptum | [446] |
| 466.—Szymanowski method of restoration of subseptum | [446] |
| 467, 468.—Szymanowski method of restoration of subseptum | [447] |
| Cosmetic Rhinoplasty | |
| 469 a, 469 b.—Monk method of correction of angular nose | [450] |
| 470, 471, 472.—Median nasal incision for angular nose | [451] |
| 473, 474.—Kolle method of lateral incision for angular nose | [452] |
| 475, 476.—Kolle chisel set | [453] |
| 477.—Kolle metal mallet | [453] |
| 478, 479.—Kolle method of correction of retroussé nose | [454] |
| 480, 481.—Kolle method of correction of broad lobule | [456] |
| 482, 483.—Kolle method of correction of elongated lobule | [458] |
| 484.—Kolle method of correction of elongated lobule and base of nose after excision | [460] |
| 485.—Kolle method of correction of elongated lobule base of alæ and lobule | [460] |
| 486, 487.—Kolle plaster cast of lobule operation | [461] |
| 488, 489.—Kolle plaster cast of lobule operation | [462] |
| 490, 491.—Kolle plaster cast of lobule operation | [463] |
| 492, 493.—Kolle plaster cast of lobule operation | [464] |
| 494, 495.—Gensoul method of correcting broad nasal base | [465] |
| 496, 497.—Kolle method of correction of broad nasal base | [465] |
| 498, 499.—Linhardt method of reduction of thickened alæ | [466] |
| 500, 501.—Dieffenbach method of reduction of thickened nose | [467] |
| Electrolysis in Dermatology | |
| 502.—Electric wet cell | [470] |
| 503.—Series connection of cells | [472] |
| 504.—Shunt rheostat connection | [473] |
| 505.—Cell selector | [474] |
| 506.—Cell selector and battery connection | [474] |
| 507.—Milliampèremeter | [475] |
| 508.—Direct current wall plate | [475] |
| 509.—Wall-plate connections | [475] |
| 510 a.—Portable wet cell apparatus | [476] |
| 510 b.—Portable dry cell apparatus | [477] |
| 511.—Sponge electrode | [478] |
| 512.—Arm electrode | [478] |
| 513, 514.—Electrolytic needle holders | [479] |
| 515.—Interrupting current needle holder | [479] |
| 516.—Needle holder with magnifying glass | [479] |
| 517.—Epilating forceps | [481] |
| 518.—Electrolysis method for destroying growths | [483] |
| 519.—Multiple needle electrode | [484] |
| 520.—Kolle electric apparatus for tattooing scars | [487] |
| Case Recording Methods | |
| 521.—Nose stencil | [492] |
| 522.—Method of making nose plaster cast | [494] |
PLASTIC AND COSMETIC SURGERY
CHAPTER I
HISTORICAL
It seems almost incredible that at this late day so little is generally known to the surgical profession of the beautiful and practical, not to say grateful, art of plastic or restorative surgery, successfully practiced even by the ancients.
The progress of the art has been much interrupted. It is only the later methods of antisepsis, which have so greatly added to general surgery, that have placed it firmly upon the basis of a distinct and separate art in surgical science.
To Aulus Cornelius Celsus, a Latin physician and philosopher, supposed to have lived in the time of Augustus, we owe the first authentic principles of the science. He was a most prolific writer and an urgent worker. After having introduced the Hippocratic system to the Romans he became known as the Roman Hippocrates. His best-known work handed down to us is the “De Medicina,” the first edition of which, divided into eight books, appeared in Florence in 1478. The seventh and eighth volumes, designated the “Surgical Bible,” contain much valuable data in reference to opinions and observations of the Alexandrian School of Medicine.