Shortly following this, and in the same year, cases of similar nature are described in the Gentlemen’s Magazine (England), and Pennant’s “Views of Hindoostan.”
In 1811 Lynn successfully accomplished the operation in a case in England, and in 1814 Carpue published his results in two cases successfully operated by him by the so-called Hindoo method.
France now took up the art of rhinoplasty. Delpech introduced a modification of the method of the Koomas in 1820, while Lisfranc performed the first operation of this nature in Paris in 1826.
In 1816 Graefe, of Germany, took up the work of Tagliacozzi but modified his method by diminishing the number of operations.
Bünger, of Marburg, thereupon, in 1823, successfully made a man’s nose by taking the necessary tegument from the patient’s thigh.
A still later modification in the art of rhinoplasty was that of Larrey, who in 1830 overcame a large loss about the lobule of the nose by taking the flaps to restore the same from the cheeks.
Among the better advocates of reparative chirurgery were Dieffenbach, v. Langenbeck, Ricard, v. Graefe (1816), Alliot, Blandin, Zeis, Serre, and Joberi, while Thomas D. Mutter, in 1831, published the results he obtained in America—his co-workers being Warren and Pancoast.
Although Le Monier, a French dentist, as early as 1764 originally proposed closure of the cleft in the soft palate, no one attempted to carry out his suggestion until in 1819 the elder Roux, of Paris, performed the operation. The following year Warren, of Boston, independently decided upon and successfully did an improved operation to the same end.
During the years 1865-70 Joseph Lister distinguished himself in the discovery and meritorious employment of carbolic acid as a means of destroying, or at least arresting, infectious germ life, the principle of which, now so fully developed, has advanced the obtainable surgical possibilities inestimably.
The credit of first collecting data of plastic operations belongs to Szymanowski, of Russia. In his magnificent volume of surgery (1867), he embodies a somewhat thorough treatise on restorative surgery, leaving the subject to be treated more fully and independently, as it should be, to some other enthusiastic surgeon specialist. His work is the result of careful study of such operations on the cadaver, a method much to be recommended to the prospective or operating plastic surgeon.