Measurements of the skeletons above described are as follows:
Dimensions of four skeletons of Ziphius cavirostris.
Column headings: A: Barnegat City, New Jersey. 20971 U.S.N.M. female, adult. B: Newport, Rhode Island. 49599 U.S.N.M. male, adult. C: Charleston, South Carolina. 21975 U.S.N.M. female, young. D: Bering Island. (Vertebræ) young.
| Measurements. | A | B | C | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mm. | mm. | mm. | mm. | |
| Length of skull | 945 | 915 | 797 | ... |
| First to fourth cervicals (vert. 1-4): | ||||
| Length of combined centra | 81 | 79 | 66 | 55 |
| Greatest breadth of atlas | 283 | 259 | 210(?) | 146 |
| Greatest height of atlas | 215 | 218 | 170 | 148 |
| First thoracic vertebra (vert. 8): | ||||
| Greatest breadth | 211 | 220 | 174(?) | 122 |
| Greatest heighta | 267 | 321 | 163 | 133 |
| Length of centrum | 42 | 46 | 32 | 19 |
| Height of centrum | 70 | 67 | 48 | 49 |
| Seventh thoracic vertebra (vert. 14): | ||||
| Greatest breadth | 142 | 158 | 147 | 128 |
| Greatest height | 440 | 417 | 260 | 182 |
| Length of centrum | 102 | 103 | 74 | 51 |
| Height of centrum (ant.) | 68 | 69 | 49 | 44 |
| Eighth thoracic vertebra (vert. 15): | ||||
| Greatest breadth | 253 | 288 | 177 | 100 |
| Greatest height | 447 | 427 | 265 | 186 |
| Length of centrum | 110 | 109 | 78 | 54 |
| Height of centrum | 65 | 69 | 51 | 47 |
| Ninth thoracic vertebra (vert. 16): | ||||
| Greatest breadth | 329 | 366 | 248(?) | 122 |
| Greatest height | 418 | 431 | 277 | 192 |
| Length of centrum | 117 | 117 | 82 | 58 |
| Height of centrum | 69 | 75 | 53 | 49 |
| First lumbar vertebra (vert. 17): | ||||
| Greatest breadth | 385 | 393 | b275 | 142 |
| Greatest height | 464 | 451 | b293 | 200 |
| Length of centrum | 122 | 120 | b89 | 62 |
| Height of centrum | 74 | 81 | b55 | 50 |
| Tenth lumbar vertebra (vert. 26): | ||||
| Greatest breadth | 362 | 335 | c230 | 158 |
| Greatest height | 524 | 488 | c343 | 242 |
| Length of centrum | 172 | 162 | c129 | 85 |
| Height of centrum | 107 | 109 | c78 | 71 |
| First caudal vertebra (vert. 27): | ||||
| Greatest breadth | 336(?) | d313 | 223 | 166 |
| Greatest height | 483 | d458 | 307 | 235 |
| Length of centrum | 178 | d160 | 127 | 91 |
| Height of centrum | 113 | d109 | 81 | 75 |
| Seventh caudal vertebra (vert. 33): | ||||
| Greatest breadth | 164 | e161 | 113 | 110 |
| Greatest height | f255 | f250 | 155 | f135 |
| Length of centrum | 139 | 131 | 103 | 77 |
| Height of centrum (ant.) | f111 | f119 | f85 | f78 |
| Twelfth caudal vertebra (vert. 38): | ||||
| Greatest breadth | 90 | g88 | 61 | 62 |
| Greatest height | 83 | g78 | 53 | 61 |
| Length of centrum | 55 | g56 | 46 | 47 |
| Fifteenth caudal vertebra (vert. 41): | ||||
| Greatest breadth | 64 | h62 | 49 | 45 |
| Greatest height | 54 | h52 | 33 | 30 |
| Length of centrum | 42 | h39 | 30 | 28 |
| Eighteenth caudal vertebra (vert. 45): | ||||
| Greatest breadth | 37 | i38 | ... | ... |
| Greatest height | 20 | i19 | ... | ... |
| Length of centrum | 24 | i22 | ... | ... |
| Twentieth caudal vertebra (vert. 46): | ||||
| Greatest breadth | ... | j25 | ... | ... |
| Greatest height | ... | j13 | ... | ... |
| Length of centrum | ... | j19 | ... | ... |
| Chevrons: | ||||
| Antero-posterior length of first chevron | ... | 74 | ... | ... |
| Depth of same | ... | 66 | 44 | ... |
| Length of second chevron | 83 | 107 | 55 | 38 |
| Depth of same | 87 | 85 | 74 | 63 |
| Length of third chevron | 114 | 91 | 61 | 46 |
| Depth of same | 135 | 206 | 123 | 90 |
| Length of fourth chevron | 125 | 122 | 67 | 51 |
| Depth of same | 213 | 206 | 111 | 67 |
| Length of eighth chevron | 80 | 86 | 43 | 35 |
| Depth of same | 108 | 115 | 41 | 33 |
| Length of ninth chevron | 84 | 74 | ... | 27 |
| Depth of same | 83 | 88 | ... | 19 |
| Scapula: | ||||
| Greatest length | 385 | 415 | k224 | 159 |
| Greatest height | 275 | 300 | 175 | 132 |
| Length of acromion | l115 | 159 | ... | 48 |
| Length of coracoid from edge of glenoid | 127 | 148 | 60 | 38 |
| Pectoral limb: | ||||
| Total length | 588 | 652 | ... | ... |
| Humerus: | ||||
| Length | 168 | 177 | 130 | 95 |
| Breadth at distal end | 69 | 69 | 52 | 42 |
| Radius: | ||||
| Length | m178 | m175 | m135 | ... |
| Breadth at distal end | 55 | 65 | 41 | ... |
| Ulna: | ||||
| Length without olecranon | 165 | 171 | 118 | ... |
| Length including olecranon | 220 | 225 | 150 | ... |
| Breadth at distal end | 44 | 42 | 30 | ... |
| Metacarpals: | ||||
| Length of first | 31 | 28 | ||
| Length of second | 52 | 55 | ||
| Length of third | 52 | 58 | ||
| Length of fourth | 44 | 51 | ||
| Length of fifth | 37 | 39 | ||
| Phalanges: | ||||
| Length of first phalange of first digit | 27 | 44 | ||
| Sternum: | ||||
| Total length | n803 | 821 | o550 | o395 |
| Length of manubrium | 259 | 306 | o203 | 105 |
| Breadth of manubrium | 286 | 333 | 193 | 128 |
| Length of fifth segment | o170 | p184 | o128 | p92 |
| Breadth of fifth segment | 133 | 168 | 86 | 82 |
| Ribs: | ||||
| Length of first rib (straight) | 405 | 410 | 277 | 191 |
| Breadth of first rib at proximal end | 88 | 110 | 65 | 46 |
| Breadth of first rib at distal end | 63 | 80 | 40 | 30 |
| Length of fifth rib (straight) | 785 | 770 | 545 | 415 |
| Length of ninth rib (straight) | 620 | 620 | ||
a The measurements of height of vertebræ are from center of inf. margin of centrum to center of tip of spine, unless otherwise specified. b Last thoracic. c Ninth lumbar. d Second caudal = vert. 28. e Eighth caudal = vert. 34. f Without chevron facet. g Thirteenth caudal = vert. 39. h Sixteenth caudal = vert. 42. i Nineteenth caudal = vert. 45. j Vert. 46. k Edges abraded. l A little broken. m In median line. n Without cartilages. o With cartilages. p Left side.
PHALANGEAL FORMULA.
The formulas for the ossified phalanges in two American[39] and three Old World specimens are as follows:
Phalangeal formula of five specimens of Ziphius cavirostris.
| Locality. | I. | II. | III. | IV. | V. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Newport, Rhode Island | 1 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 |
| Barnegat City, New Jersey | 1 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 |
| Villefranche, France (Haeckel) | 1 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 2 |
| Pisa Museum, Italy (Van Beneden) | 1 | 3(?) | 5 | 4 | 1 |
| Warrington, New Zealand (Scott and Parker) | 1 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 |