Nagasaki, [i. 129]
Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, [i. 168]
Napoleon I. at St. Helena, [i. 212]
Napoleon III.: introduction of ironclad war ships, [i. 18]
“Napoleon,” steam screw, constructed by Dupuy Delorme, [i. 226]
Nares, Sir George S.: cruise of the Challenger, [i. 29]; cairns erected by him, [iii. 97], [99]; expedition of the Alert and Discovery, [99–114]; portrait, [iii. 85]
cairns erected by him, [iii. 97], [99];
expedition of the Alert and Discovery, [99–114];
portrait, [iii. 85]
Natal, [i. 211]
Naukum, a native of Plover Bay, [i. 138]
Nautilus, [iv. 143], [149]
Naval architecture, History of, [i. 258]
Naval cadets, Training of, [i. 47]
Naval flags of the world, [ii. 1]
Naval service: officer’s life on board, [i. 214]
Navigation Act passed by Cromwell, [ii. 30]
Navy office established by Henry VIII., [i. 282]
Negrelli, M. de: his co-operation with M. de Lesseps in the Suez Canal, [i. 111]
Negroes in the West Indies, [i. 183], [185], [188]
Nelson, Lord: his glorious career, [i. 7], [9], [10]; as a model commander; Trafalgar, [227]; career and anecdotes of, [ii. 71]; his encounter with the bear, [73]; Calvi and Bastia, loss of his eye, ib.; Battle of the Nile, burning of “L’Orient,” [74]; coffin presented to him, ib.; rewards, [75], [77]; Battle of Copenhagen, [65], [75]; portrait, [76]; his body taken to Gibraltar, [i. 96]
as a model commander; Trafalgar, [227];
career and anecdotes of, [ii. 71];
his encounter with the bear, [73];
Calvi and Bastia, loss of his eye, ib.;
Battle of the Nile, burning of “L’Orient,” [74];
coffin presented to him, ib.;
rewards, [75], [77];
Battle of Copenhagen, [65], [75];
portrait, [76];
his body taken to Gibraltar, [i. 96]
Nelson’s bridge at the battle of St. Vincent, [i. 8]
Nevada, Silver mines at, [iv. 26]
“New Albion,” California so named by Drake, [i. 312]
Newfoundland: possession taken by Sir Humphrey Gilbert, [i. 318]; Captain Roberts the pirate at, [iii. 63]
Captain Roberts the pirate at, [iii. 63]
Newhaven, [iv. 231]
“New Holland,” early name for West Australia, [i. 151]
New South Wales, so named by Captain Cook, [i. 152]
Newspapers in America, [iv. 27]; in Arctic ships, [iii. 170]
in Arctic ships, [iii. 170]
New York, [i. 195–198]; map of the harbour, [195]; Brooklyn Bridge, [196]; the Broadway, [197]; ferry-boats, ib.; climate, [198]; view of New York Bay, [iv. 12]
map of the harbour, [195];
Brooklyn Bridge, [196];
the Broadway, [197];
ferry-boats, ib.;
climate, [198];
view of New York Bay, [iv. 12]
New York to Chicago by rail, [iv. 14]
New Zealand: Auckland, North, Middle, and Stewart’s Islands, [iv. 48]; gold-fields, [50]; war with the Maories, [51]
gold-fields, [50];
war with the Maories, [51]
Niagara, [iv. 14]; the first submarine Atlantic telegraph cable, [101], [102]
the first submarine Atlantic telegraph cable, [101], [102]
Nicaragua: Lolonois the pirate at, [iii. 28]
Nicuesa, Diego de: his expedition to America, [iii. 307]; his release from his creditors, [309]; quarrel with Ojeda, [311]; fight with Indians, [ib.]
his release from his creditors, [309];
quarrel with Ojeda, [311];
fight with Indians, [ib.]
Nino’s voyage to America, [iii. 303]
Noah’s ark, [i. 258]; [iv. 56]
Noddies and boobies taken by Bligh: mutiny of the Bounty, [i. 243], [244]
Noel, Commander R.N.: on torpedoes, [ii. 152]
Nombre de Dios, attacked by Drake, [i. 302]
Nordenskjöld, Professor: discovery of the north-east passage, [iii. 159]; his Swedish Arctic expeditions, [257]; his six Arctic voyages, [274]; accomplishment of the north-east passage, [ib.]; the “Vega,” [ib.]
his Swedish Arctic expeditions, [257];
his six Arctic voyages, [274];
accomplishment of the north-east passage, [ib.];
the “Vega,” [ib.]
Nore, mutiny of the, [i. 249], [251–256]
Norfolk: sketches of the sea coast, [iv. 247–251]
Norman ships, [i. 266], [268]
North American naval station, [i. 108]
North Cape, [iii. 169]
North-east passage: early voyages for discovering the, [iii. 115–123], [129], [151]; the passage made by Professor Nordenskjöld, [274]; north-eastern voyages of the Dutch, [129]
the passage made by Professor Nordenskjöld, [274];
north-eastern voyages of the Dutch, [129]
“Northfleet,” wreck of the, [ii. 260], [263–267]
North polar regions, map, [iii. 89]
North Pole: expeditions to approach it, [iii. 87]; projected passage over the Pole, [144], [151]
projected passage over the Pole, [144], [151]
North Star, search for Franklin, [iii. 213]
North-west passage, [iii. 142], [143]; reward offered by Government for its discovery, [154], [155]; Sir John Ross’s expedition, [163], [205]; discovered by Sir John Franklin, [206]; found by Maclure, [212]
reward offered by Government for its discovery, [154], [155];
Sir John Ross’s expedition, [163], [205];
discovered by Sir John Franklin, [206];
found by Maclure, [212]
Northumberland, Duke of: his interest in the Lifeboat, [ii. 211]; his prizes, [213]
his prizes, [213]
Northumberland, Napoleon I. on board the, [i. 213]
Norwegians, Arctic voyages of the Vikings, [iii. 115], [116]
Norwegian ships, ancient, [i. 90]
Norwegian ships, sanitary arrangements, [ii. 120]
“Novara” (Austrian frigate), deep-sea soundings, [i. 28]
Nova Zembla, Gerrit de Veer’s Map, [iii. 131]; Barents at, [133], [137]; Henry Hudson at, [146]
Barents at, [133], [137];
Henry Hudson at, [146]
Oar-weed, [iv. 200]
Ocean, the, its Living Wonders, [iv. 111–158]. (See [Atlantic] and [Pacific].)
(See [Atlantic] and [Pacific].)
Ocean, Lord Collingwood’s ship, in a storm, [i. 105]
Octopus, [iv. 148]
Officer’s life on board a man-of-war, [i. 214]
Officers of East Indiamen, their privileges, [ii. 14]
Ojeda, Alonzo de, a follower of Columbus: voyages to America, [iii. 301], [304]; imprisoned by Ocampo, [306]; his escape, [305], [306]; another voyage, [309]; fight with Indians, [310], [311]; quarrel with Nicuesa, [ib.]; wounded by Indians, [312]; his strange adventures and death, [312], [313], [314]
imprisoned by Ocampo, [306];
his escape, [305], [306];
another voyage, [309];
fight with Indians, [310], [311];
quarrel with Nicuesa, [ib.];
wounded by Indians, [312];
his strange adventures and death, [312], [313], [314]
Old and young ice. (See [Ice].)
Ommaney, Capt., search for Franklin in the Assistance, [iii. 207]
Onions in Bermuda, [i. 190]
Opium-eating and smoking, [iv. 38]
Orellana, Don Josef Pizarro attacked by him, [ii. 48]
“Orient,” steam-ship, [iv. 3]
Osborn, Admiral Sherard, on the loss of the Captain, [i. 58]; his advocacy of Polar Exploration, [iii. 92]; his biography of Franklin, [206]; search for Franklin in the Pioneer, [207], [208], [210]
his advocacy of Polar Exploration, [iii. 92];
his biography of Franklin, [206];
search for Franklin in the Pioneer, [207], [208], [210]
Ostrich farming in South Africa, [i. 210]
Otaheite, the crew of the Bounty at, [i. 236], [238]
Ounimak Pass, Aleutian Islands, [i. 171]
Owen, Professor R., F.R.S., on the Sea-serpent, [iv. 187], [188]
Oxenham, John, his connection with Drake, [i. 303]; his embarkation on the Pacific Ocean, [304]; executed at Lima, [305]
his embarkation on the Pacific Ocean, [304];
executed at Lima, [305]
Oysters, British, mentioned by Juvenal, [i. 262]; natural history and cultivation, [iv. 130–138]; dredging for oysters, [137]. (See [Pearl Oysters].)
natural history and cultivation, [iv. 130–138];
dredging for oysters, [137].
(See [Pearl Oysters].)
Pacific Ocean, its depth and other characteristics, [i. 28]; Map of Islands, [245]; discovered by Balboa, [303]; Drake’s first view of it, [289], [302]; seen by the pirate Morgan, [iii. 47]; storm in 1865, [i. 139]; “patent smoke-stack,” ib.
Map of Islands, [245];
discovered by Balboa, [303];
Drake’s first view of it, [289], [302];
seen by the pirate Morgan, [iii. 47];
storm in 1865, [i. 139];
“patent smoke-stack,” ib.
Pacific Ferry, The: San Francisco to Japan and China, [iv. 31–40]; to New Zealand and Australia, [45–55]
to New Zealand and Australia, [45–55]
Pacific Naval Station, [i. 156]
Pacific Railway, Life on the, [iv. 19]; scene in the Sierra Nevada mountains, [20]; snow-shed, [29]
scene in the Sierra Nevada mountains, [20];
snow-shed, [29]
“Pacific” steamer lost, [ii. 108]
Paddle-boats, History of, [ii. 77], [78]
Padstow, Wreck at, [iv. 221]
Paléocapa, M.: his co-operation with M. de Lesseps in the Suez Canal, [i. 111]
Palos: departure of Columbus on his first voyage, [iii. 293]
Panama, [i. 171]; taken and burnt by the pirate Morgan, [iii. 47–49]; Spanish ships taken by the pirate Sawkins, [iii. 51–54]; view of the town, [52]
taken and burnt by the pirate Morgan, [iii. 47–49];
Spanish ships taken by the pirate Sawkins, [iii. 51–54];
view of the town, [52]
Panama, Isthmus of, Drake at the, [i. 303]
Pandora sent to find the mutineers of the Bounty, [i. 244]; the ship wrecked, [246]
the ship wrecked, [246]
“Pandora,” Cruise of the, [iii. 91–99]
Papin: propulsion of ships, [ii. 80]
Paraguayan torpedo blowing up a Brazilian ironclad, [ii. 154]
Parahelia, or mock suns, [iii. 132]
Parker, Richard, ringleader of the mutiny of the Nore, [i. 252–256]; hanged, [256]
hanged, [256]
Parker, Sir Peter: mutiny at Spithead, [i. 250]
Parma, Prince of, in the Spanish Armada, [i. 284], [286], [290]
Parr, Lieutenant, his arrival on board the Alert, [iii. 113]
Parry, Sir. W. E.: Arctic expedition, [iii. 163], [168], [170]; boat and sledge expedition, [178]; career after his Arctic voyages, [184]; his death, [185]
boat and sledge expedition, [178];
career after his Arctic voyages, [184];
his death, [185]
Parsees, [i. 118]
Pasley, Colonel: raising of the Royal George, [i. 62]
Patagonia, Drake in, [i. 308]
Payer, Lieutenant Julius, Arctic expedition of the “Germania” and “Hansa,” [iii. 259]; his discovery of coal in the Arctic regions, [267]; Austro-Hungarian Arctic expedition in the “Tegethoff,” [271]; two years on an ice-floe, [ib.]; sledge expedition, [272]; discovery of Franz Josef Land, [ib.]; fall of sledge into a crevasse, [273]
his discovery of coal in the Arctic regions, [267];
Austro-Hungarian Arctic expedition in the “Tegethoff,” [271];
two years on an ice-floe, [ib.];
sledge expedition, [272];
discovery of Franz Josef Land, [ib.];
fall of sledge into a crevasse, [273]
Payerne’s “Submarine Hydrostats,” [iv. 86]
Peace, Men of: naval life in peace times; the cruise of the Challenger, [i. 28]
Pearls from America taken to Spain, [iii. 303]
Pearl, Commodore Anson’s ship, [ii. 46], [50]
Pearl oysters: pearls, real and artificial, [iv. 67], [68], [69]; history and practice of the pearl fishery, [70]
history and practice of the pearl fishery, [70]
Pearson, Captain, his ship taken by Paul Jones, [iii. 77]
Peat-bogs, Falkland islands, [i. 177]
Pemmican: an Arctic dinner, [iii. 210]; mode of preparing, [216]
mode of preparing, [216]
Penguins and their eggs, [i. 40], [41], [177]; [iii. 280]
Penny, Captain W., search for Franklin in the “Lady Franklin,” [iii. 207], [210]
Pensioners, Greenwich, [iv. 286]
Penzance, [iv. 219]
Perez, Father, his support of the plans of Columbus, [iii. 286]
Perils of the Sailor’s Life, [i. 54], [67]
Perim Island, in the Red Sea, [i. 117]
Perrault, the Canadian voyageur, dividing his store with Richardson and his crew, [iii. 192]
Peru, [i. 172]
Peter the Great: at Amsterdam, [ii. 33–38]; portrait, [33]; in England, [38–41]; receiving a deputation, [36]; Saye’s Court, [39]; rise of St. Petersburg, [41]
portrait, [33];
in England, [38–41];
receiving a deputation, [36];
Saye’s Court, [39];
rise of St. Petersburg, [41]
Petersen, Christian, with Captain Nares in the Alert; his illness and death, [iii. 105]; the “Fox” Arctic expedition, [216], [218], [220], [227], [236], [241], [252]
his illness and death, [iii. 105];
the “Fox” Arctic expedition, [216], [218], [220], [227], [236], [241], [252]
Petropaulovski, [i. 131], [132]; Avatcha Bay, [131]; scenery, [131], [134], [137]; town attacked by the allied fleets, [132]; double wedding, [135]
Avatcha Bay, [131];
scenery, [131], [134], [137];
town attacked by the allied fleets, [132];
double wedding, [135]
Pett, Phineas: his improvements in war ships, [i. 232]; the Prince Royal, [ii. 22]; Royal Sovereign, [29]
the Prince Royal, [ii. 22];
Royal Sovereign, [29]
Phillip, Captain, his voyage to Botany Bay, [i. 152]
Phipps, Captain, his Arctic voyage, [iii. 154]
Phipps, William, a fortunate diver, [iv. 80]
Phœnician fleets, [i. 259]
Phœnician remains in Malta, [i. 103]
Pholades, rock-borers, [iv. 203]
Phosphorescence of the sea, [iv. 96], [97]
Physalia, [iv. 119], [120], [121]
Pierre le Grand, the pirate, [iii. 7]; Spanish admiral’s ship taken by him, [8], [9], [12]
Spanish admiral’s ship taken by him, [8], [9], [12]
Pigeons: pigeon despatched by Sir John Ross, [iii. 211]
“Pigeon English” in China, [i. 126]; “Chinook jargon,” [167]
“Chinook jargon,” [167]
Pilchards: the pilchard fishery, [iv. 173], [216]
Pillars of Hercules, [i. 87]
Pim, Lieut., of the Resolute, his meeting with Captain Maclure, [iii. 213]
Pindar, his reference to the sea, [i. 2]
Pinto, Fernando Mendez, shipwrecked in Japan, [i. 129]
Pinzon, Vincente Yanez, his voyage to America, [iii. 303]
Pioneer, the search for Franklin, [iii. 207], [210]
Pipe-fish, [iv. 162], [164]
Pipon, Capt., his discovery of the survivors of the Bounty, [i. 247], [248]
Piracy, [ii. 235]; pirates at Singapore, [i. 146]; Scotch pirates in the 15th century, [279]; Barbary pirates, [ii. 42]; Drake as a pirate, [i. 309]; the Earl of Cumberland, [291–295]; Captains Quelch and Bellamy, and others, [ii. 63]; “Black Beard” the pirate, ib.; “The Pirates and Bucaniers,” [iii. 1–59]; their early history, [2]; Captain Jennings, [3]; Esquemeling’s account of the bucaniers, [ib.]; pirate vessels, 17th century, [4]; their mode of dividing spoils, [11], [45]; “Pirates of the 18th century,” [59–71]; female pirates, Mary Read and Anne Bonney, [iii. 69]; Shakespeare’s allusions to pirates, [iv. 294], [295]
pirates at Singapore, [i. 146];
Scotch pirates in the 15th century, [279];
Barbary pirates, [ii. 42];
Drake as a pirate, [i. 309];
the Earl of Cumberland, [291–295];
Captains Quelch and Bellamy, and others, [ii. 63];
“Black Beard” the pirate, ib.;
“The Pirates and Bucaniers,” [iii. 1–59];
their early history, [2];
Captain Jennings, [3];
Esquemeling’s account of the bucaniers, [ib.];
pirate vessels, 17th century, [4];
their mode of dividing spoils, [11], [45];
“Pirates of the 18th century,” [59–71];
female pirates, Mary Read and Anne Bonney, [iii. 69];
Shakespeare’s allusions to pirates, [iv. 294], [295]
Pitcairn Island: survivors and descendants of the mutiny of the Bounty, [i. 247–249]
Pitt, William, of Jamaica, his song on sailors, [i. 42]
Pittsburg, [iv. 14]
Pizarro, Francisco, voyage with Ojeda, [iii. 309]
Pizarro, Don Josef: disasters of his fleet, [ii. 47]
Plagues in the 14th and 15th centuries, [i. 91]
Plimsoll, Samuel: portrait, [ii. 112]; unseaworthy ships; his efforts, [ii. 113]
unseaworthy ships; his efforts, [ii. 113]
Plover: search for Sir John Franklin, Plover Bay, [i. 138]: [iii. 156], [207], [211]; village at Plover Bay, [156]
village at Plover Bay, [156]
Plymouth, [iv. 224]
Plymouth Adventurers, [ii. 11]
Plymouth Breakwater, [ii. 192]
Plymouth men lost in the Captain, [i. 55]
Pniel, South Africa, diamond fields, [i. 210]
Poe, Edgar Allan, his story of a descent into the Maelström, [iv. 94]
Poets on the Sea, the Sailor, and the Ship, [iv. 290–304]
Point-à-Pitre, Guadaloupe, [i. 186]
Polar bears. (See [Bears].)
Polar region: extent of our knowledge, [iii. 86]; a fabulous account, [87–91]; theory of a Polar Sea, [255], [257]
a fabulous account, [87–91];
theory of a Polar Sea, [255], [257]
“Polaris:” Capt. Hall’s Arctic expedition, [iii. 268]; the ship run ashore, [270]
the ship run ashore, [270]
Polaris Bay, [iii. 107]
Polynesia, Map of the islands of the Pacific, [i. 245]
Ponce de Leon, conqueror of Porto Rico and discoverer of Florida, [iii. 314]; search for a miraculous fountain, [315]; Tortugas discovered by him, [ib.]
search for a miraculous fountain, [315];
Tortugas discovered by him, [ib.]
Pontoppidan, Bishop: the sea-serpent, [iv. 184]
Porcupine, Scientific cruise of the, [i. 30]
Port Elizabeth, Cape of Good Hope, [i. 204]
Porter’s torpedo-boat, [ii. 153], [154]
Port Fleetwood lighthouse, [ii. 182]
Port Foulke, Dr. Hayes’ winter quarters, [iii. 256]
Port Jackson, Australia, [i. 152], [154]
Portland: fortifications, [ii. 195]; the Verne, [196]
the Verne, [196]
Portland Breakwater: convict labour, [ii. 191], [193], [195]
Port Philip, South Australia, [i. 155]
Port Royal, Jamaica, [i. 183]
Port Saïd, [i. 110], [113]
Portsmouth, Mutiny at, [i. 225], [251]
Port of Spain, Trinidad, [i. 179]
Port Stanley, Falkland Islands, [i. 176], [178]
Portuguese exploration: King John of Portugal and Bartholomew Diaz, [iii. 281], [284]; Columbus, [284]; Vasco da Gama, [298]
Columbus, [284];
Vasco da Gama, [298]
Portuguese man-of-war, [iv. 119]
Portuguez the pirate, [iii. 13]; his escape, [13], [14]
his escape, [13], [14]
Possession Island, Australia, [i. 152]; [iii. 280]
Prahus of the Malay Archipelago, [i. 149]
Prairie on fire, [iv. 22]
Prairie schooners, [iv. 18], [22]
Prawns, [iv. 157]
Praya diphyes, a Medusa, [iv. 117]
“President,” devoted to the Naval Artillery Volunteers, [i. 234]
Press-gangs, [i. 43]
Pricket, Abacuk: his account of the mutiny against and abandonment of Hudson, [iii. 147]
Primrose, Joseph, a minister on board the “Polly”: his trials, [i. 223]
Prince Royal, built for James II., [ii. 22]
“Princess Alice” lost in the Thames, [iv. 282]
“Princess Alice” on Goodwin Sands, [ii. 251]
Pringle, Admiral: mutiny at the Cape, [i. 256]
Printing presses in Arctic ships, [iii. 103]
Protozoa, [iv. 111]
Pteropoda, [iv. 139], [142]
Puerto Bello taken by the pirate Morgan, [iii. 33]
Pullen, Captain: search for Franklin in the Herald, [iii. 211]; in the North Star, [213]
in the North Star, [213]
Pullman railway car, [iv. 16]
Purpura lapillus: a univalve shell, [iv. 145]
Quarles, Francis; lines on the sea, [iv. 290]
Quatrefages, M.: the lighthouse of Héhaux, Brittany, [ii. 178]; Hydrozoa, [iv. 118]
Hydrozoa, [iv. 118]
Queen Charlotte’s Island, [i. 167]
“Quieda Merchant,” Moorish ship, taken by Captain Kidd, [iii. 57]

Rae, W. F.: his account of California, [i. 158]; the Rocky Mountains, [iv. 21]
the Rocky Mountains, [iv. 21]
Rae, Dr.: relics of Franklin’s last voyage found by him, [iii. 215]
Raffles, Sir Stamford, at Singapore, [i. 143]
Rafts: timber-rafts at Singapore, [i. 146]; raft of the “Medusa,” [i. 76–82]; Géricault’s painting, [81]; foundering of the “Arctic,” [ii. 108]
raft of the “Medusa,” [i. 76–82];
Géricault’s painting, [81];
foundering of the “Arctic,” [ii. 108]
Rain in the Arctic regions, [iii. 182]
Raleigh, Sir Walter: the Spanish Armada, [i. 285]; colonisation and trade with America, [315]; Queen Elizabeth’s patronage, [316]; “Bark Raleigh,” ib.; colonisation of Virginia, [ii. 2]; search for El Dorado, [4]; arrival at Trinidad, [4], [33]; portrait, [5]; mountains of Guiana; river Orinoco, [8]; fabulous tales, ib.; his observations on trade and the state of the navy, [10]
colonisation and trade with America, [315];
Queen Elizabeth’s patronage, [316];
“Bark Raleigh,” ib.;
colonisation of Virginia, [ii. 2];
search for El Dorado, [4];
arrival at Trinidad, [4], [33];
portrait, [5];
mountains of Guiana; river Orinoco, [8];
fabulous tales, ib.;
his observations on trade and the state of the navy, [10]
Ralph the Rover: the bell of the Inchcape Rock, [ii. 173]
Rams of ironclads: loss of the Vanguard and “Grosser Kurfürst,” [ii. 155]
Ramsay, David, patents for steam-ships, [ii. 79]
Ramsgate: [iv. 241]; wrecks on the Goodwin Sands, [ii. 212–235]; map of Ramsgate and the Goodwin Sands at low water, [252]
wrecks on the Goodwin Sands, [ii. 212–235];
map of Ramsgate and the Goodwin Sands at low water, [252]
Ramsgate Life-boat and the “Aid” steam-tug, [ii. 215]
“Ranger,” Paul Jones’s ship, [iii. 72], [75]
Rats on board ship, [i. 222]; on the sea-coast, [iv. 197]; on Looe Island, [214]
on the sea-coast, [iv. 197];
on Looe Island, [214]
Raw meat: its medicinal value in Arctic regions, [iii. 244]
Rawson, Lieut., in Arctic exploration, [iii. 102], [105], [106], [107]
Razor-fish, [iv. 128], [129]
Red-hot shot, first record of, [i. 91]; at Sebastopol, [16]; at Gibraltar, [16], [18]
at Sebastopol, [16];
at Gibraltar, [16], [18]
Red Sea, [i. 115]; passage of the Israelites, ib.; its name; coral and animalculæ, [117]; islands, ib.
passage of the Israelites, ib.;
its name; coral and animalculæ, [117];
islands, ib.
Redoubtable, at Trafalgar, [i. 10], [11], [12]
Reed, Sir E. J.: cost of ironclad war-ships, [i. 14]; designer of the Iron Duke and Vanguard, [67]; big guns and armour plates, [6]; “Our Ironclad Ships,” [ii. 144], [146]
designer of the Iron Duke and Vanguard, [67];
big guns and armour plates, [6];
“Our Ironclad Ships,” [ii. 144], [146]
Reindeer in Spitzbergen, [iii. 167]; at Hammerfest, [179]; venison, [246]
at Hammerfest, [179];
venison, [246]
Relics brought back by the Franklin search expedition, [iii. 229]
Renaud, M.: his co-operation with M. de Lesseps in the Suez Canal, [i. 110]
Rendel, J. R., C.E.: his co-operation in the Suez Canal, [i. 110]; Portland breakwater, [ii. 194]
Portland breakwater, [ii. 194]
Rennie, James: his advocacy of steam war-vessels, [ii. 98]
Rennie, John: the Bell Rock lighthouse, [ii. 173], [176]; Plymouth breakwater, [190]; his use of the diving bell, [iv. 81]
Plymouth breakwater, [190];
his use of the diving bell, [iv. 81]
Rensselaer Harbour: winter quarters of Dr. Kane in the “Advance,” [iii. 235]
Rescue: the search for Franklin, [iii. 214]
Resolute: the search for Franklin, [iii. 207]
Resolution: Arctic voyages, [iii. 155]
Resolution and Adventure: Captain Cook’s voyage of discovery, [iii. 277]
Restoration Island named by Lieutenant Bligh: mutiny of the Bounty, [i. 244]
Reticulosa, [iv. 111]
Reynaud, M.: Héhaux lighthouse, Brittany, [ii. 178–181]
Rhizopoda, [iv. 111]
Rhodosperms, [iv. 200]
Richard I., first maritime code, [i. 268]; laws against wrecking, [ii. 237]
laws against wrecking, [ii. 237]
Richardson, Sir John: portrait, [iii. 185]; his adventure with wolves, [189], [190]; his attempt to swim the Coppermine River, [iii. 191], [193]
his adventure with wolves, [189], [190];
his attempt to swim the Coppermine River, [iii. 191], [193]
Riou, Capt., his death at Copenhagen, [i. 152]
Roanoake; its colonisation, [ii. 2]
“Roanoake,” [i. 20]
Robber crab, [iv. 152]
“Robert J. Stockton,” iron steam-ship, [ii. 103], [104]
Roberts, Captain Bartholomew, the pirate, [iii. 63], [64]
Roberts, Lady: her help in the wreck of the “Killarney,” [ii. 314], [317]
Robin Hood’s Bay, [iv. 256]
Robinson Crusoe: the island of Juan Fernandez, [i. 33–36]
“Rob Roy:” Napier’s steam-vessel, [ii. 98]
Rock-borers, [iv. 203]
Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Railway, [iv. 21]
Rodney’s naval victory, [i. 186]
Rôles d’Oleron: laws against wrecking, [ii. 237]
Roman ships and galleys, [i. 261]
Ronayne, John: his bravery in saving life, [ii. 257–261]
Rooke, Sir George: Gibraltar taken by him, [i. 94]
Rose, Richard: his life-buoy seat, [iv. 262]
Ross, Sir John: portrait, [iii. 161]; his Arctic voyages, [163]; his voyage in the Victory, [186]; search for Franklin in the Felix, [207]
his Arctic voyages, [163];
his voyage in the Victory, [186];
search for Franklin in the Felix, [207]
Ross, Sir James Clarke: Arctic voyage, [iii. 163]; Arctic exploration, [179], [181], [184]; discovery of the magnetic pole, [187]; “Fox” expedition in search of Franklin, [216], [225]; discovery of the South Polar Land; Victoria Land, Possession Island, and Mount Erebus, [280]
Arctic exploration, [179], [181], [184];
discovery of the magnetic pole, [187];
“Fox” expedition in search of Franklin, [216], [225];
discovery of the South Polar Land; Victoria Land, Possession Island, and Mount Erebus, [280]
“Rothsay Castle,” wreck of the, [ii. 288], [297–304]
Round the World on a Man-of-war, [i. 87–214]
“Round the World in Eighty Days,” [iv. 1]
Royal George, loss of the, [i. 59–62]; its removal by Colonel Pasley, [62]; diving operations, [iv. 86]
its removal by Colonel Pasley, [62];
diving operations, [iv. 86]
Royal Humane Society, [iv. 263]
Royal Observatory, Greenwich, [iv. 278–282]
Royal Sovereign, Charles I.’s ship, [ii. 29]
Royal Sovereign, [i. 5]
Rudyerd, John, second Eddystone Lighthouse, [ii. 161]; destroyed by fire, [160], [163]; death of a keeper, ib.
destroyed by fire, [160], [163];
death of a keeper, ib.
Russell, J. Scott, F.R.S., “The Fleet of the Future: Iron or Wood,” [i. 85]; [ii. 101]; portrait, [129]; construction of the “Great Eastern,” [130]
portrait, [129];
construction of the “Great Eastern,” [130]
Russian America, Alaska, [i. 169], [170]
Russian Arctic Explorations, [iii. 185]
Russian attempts to discover the north-west passage, [iii. 159]; Russian Arctic voyages, [159–162]
Russian Arctic voyages, [159–162]
Russian ironclads, [i. 83]
Saba Island, West Indies, [i. 185]
Sabine; Arctic expedition, [iii. 163], [170]
Saïd Pacha and M. de Lesseps, [i. 108]
Sailors: Lascars, Malays, and Kanakas, [i. 43]; Devonshire boys on training ships, [46]; rating of sailors (able, ordinary, and boys), [51]; their hardships, [53]; flogging, [51–53]; perils of the sailor’s life, [54]; their conduct on board the Terror, [iii. 199]. (See [Discipline].)
Devonshire boys on training ships, [46];
rating of sailors (able, ordinary, and boys), [51];
their hardships, [53];
flogging, [51–53];
perils of the sailor’s life, [54];
their conduct on board the Terror, [iii. 199].
(See [Discipline].)
St. Catherine’s Island, taken by the pirate Morgan, [iii. 45]
St. Domingo: drawing by Columbus of its discovery, [iii. 292]; early gold-washing at, [293]; war, mutiny, and famine, [295]; Diego Columbus made governor, [308]
early gold-washing at, [293];
war, mutiny, and famine, [295];
Diego Columbus made governor, [308]
St. Elias, Mount, Alaska, [i. 170]
St. George’s Island, Bermuda, [i. 187], [189]
St. Helena, [i. 212], [213]
St. John’s, Newfoundland: possession taken by Sir Humphrey Gilbert, [i. 318]
St. Juan de Ulloa, Sir John Hawkins’s action at, [i. 299], [301]
“St. Lawrence,” [i. 20]
St. Lucia, [i. 187]
St. Paul’s travels; his shipwreck at Malta, [i. 103], [104]
“St. Valentine,” treasure-ship, taken by Monson, [ii. 21]
St. Vincent, Battle of, [i. 7], [8], [9]
St. Vincent, Lord: suppression of the mutiny on the St. George, [i. 256]; portrait, [257]
portrait, [257]
Salmon, the, its natural history, [iv. 163–168]; parr, smolt, grilse, [ib.]; abundance of its ova, [164]; tinned salmon from America, [166]
parr, smolt, grilse, [ib.];
abundance of its ova, [164];
tinned salmon from America, [166]
Salmon: fisheries of California, Vancouver’s Island, British Columbia, Alaska, [i. 164], [168], [170], [171], [202]; mode of curing, [iv. 167]; salmon leaps, [ib.]
mode of curing, [iv. 167];
salmon leaps, [ib.]
Saltness of the sea, [i. 87], [97]; [iv. 90]
Salt Lake, Great; Salt Lake City, [iv. 23]; Cape Douglas garrison, [24], [25]; street in the city, [25]
Cape Douglas garrison, [24], [25];
street in the city, [25]
Salvador, [i. 8]
“Salvador del Mundi,” [i. 9]
“Samaritano,” wrecked on the Goodwin Sands; Margate and Ramsgate lifeboats, [ii. 217–223]
Samphire, [iv. 231], [233]
Sandgate: loss of the “Grosser Kurfürst,” [iv. 238]
Sandwich: seal of the town, [i. 274]
Sandwich in the mutiny of the Nore, [i. 252]
Sandwich Islands: Honolulu; the king, [iv. 45]; the ex-queen Emma, [46]; sugar cultivation, [ib.]; volcanoes, [47]
the ex-queen Emma, [46];
sugar cultivation, [ib.];
volcanoes, [47]
Sandy Hook Light, New York, [i. 196]
San Francisco: the bay; its entrance, the “Golden Gate,” [i. 157]; the city, [158]; its history, ib.; society, [161]; view of the bay, [160]; a timber wharf, [156]; “John Chinaman” in San Francisco, [161]; Chinese theatres, ib.; earthquakes, [162]; [iv. 29], [30]; Drake at, [i. 313]
the city, [158];
its history, ib.;
society, [161];
view of the bay, [160];
a timber wharf, [156];
“John Chinaman” in San Francisco, [161];
Chinese theatres, ib.;
earthquakes, [162]; [iv. 29], [30];
Drake at, [i. 313]
San Joseph, [i. 8]
San Juan Island, [i. 166]; British camp, [i. 165]
British camp, [i. 165]
“San Nicolas,” [i. 8]
San Salvador, the first land in the New World discovered by Columbus, [iii. 288]
Santangel, his support of the plans of Columbus, [iii. 286]
Santiago, [i. 172]
“Santissima Trinidada,” [i. 8], [10]
Saracens, their ships, [i. 269]
Sardines: mode of fishing for, [iv. 174]
“Savannah,” the Atlantic first crossed by her, [ii. 105]
Saving life at sea. (See [Hovellers], [Life], and [Lifeboats].)
Saw-fish, [iv. 162]
Sawkins, Captain, the pirate, [iii. 51–55]
Scaliger, J. C.: history of paddle-boats, [ii. 78]
Scallops, [iv. 138], [140]
Scammon, Captain, soundings in Behring Sea, [i. 138]
Scandinavian early explorers of the Arctic regions, [iii. 116]
Scarborough: [iv. 253]; shipwrecks, loss of the “Coupland,” [254]
shipwrecks, loss of the “Coupland,” [254]
“Schiller,” loss of the, [ii. 267]
School on board the “Fox” in the Arctic regions, [iii. 219]
Scilly Islands, [ii. 268–270]
Scoresby: changes in the Greenland ice-fields, [iii. 163], [178]
Scotland, pearl fisheries of, [iv. 71]
Scott, Mr.: buried at sea in the “Fox” Arctic expedition, [iii. 221]
Screw-propeller, history of its invention, [ii. 102]
Screw steamer, plan and section of stern, [ii. 101]
Scurvy: on board in Anson’s fleet, [ii. 50], [119]; in the expedition of the Alert and Discovery, [iii. 106], [107], [111], [114]; in Munk’s Arctic voyage, [150]; in Vitus Behring, Ischirikoff, and Parry’s voyages, [161], [162], [176]; in Dr. Kane’s expedition, [239]
in the expedition of the Alert and Discovery, [iii. 106], [107], [111], [114];
in Munk’s Arctic voyage, [150];
in Vitus Behring, Ischirikoff, and Parry’s voyages, [161], [162], [176];
in Dr. Kane’s expedition, [239]
Sea, the: its living wonders, [iv. 111]; its saltness, agitation, and waves, [iv. 90]; the Gulf Stream, [91]; tides, [92]; its colour and phosphorescence, [96], [97]
its saltness, agitation, and waves, [iv. 90];
the Gulf Stream, [91];
tides, [92];
its colour and phosphorescence, [96], [97]
Sea-anemones, [iv. 123], [196–198]
Sea coasts: “Sketches of our Coasts,” Cornwall, [iv. 207–225]; South coasts, [225–247]; East coasts, Norfolk, Yorkshire, [247]
South coasts, [225–247];
East coasts, Norfolk, Yorkshire, [247]
Sea of Ancient Ice, voyage of the Alert, [iii. 101]
Sea-cucumber, [iv. 126], [128]
Sea-elephants, [i. 34]; [iii. 279]
Sea-shore: “By the Sea-shore,” [iv. 190–207]; calm and storm, [192]
calm and storm, [192]
“Sea-goers” in guard-ships, [i. 45]
Sea-horse, [iii. 155], [156]; [iv. 162]
Sea-lion, [iv. 188]
Seamen. (See [Sailors].)
Sea-monsters, fabulous, [i. 31]
Sea-polyps from the Atlantic: voyage of the Challenger, [i. 31]
Sea-serpent: various accounts of it, drawings, conjectures, and probabilities, [iv. 184–190]
Sea-sickness, [i. 50]
Sea-sickness and remedies, [iv. 6], [7]
Sea songs and poems, by Dibdin and others, [i. 8], [42]; [iv. 298–304]
Sea-trees, Falkland Islands, [i. 178]
Sea-urchins, sea-slugs, [iv. 125]
Sea-weeds, [iv. 200]
Seal of the town of Sandwich, [i. 274]
Seals: on inaccessible island, [i. 40]; their flesh as food, [iii. 94], [217–219], [251]
their flesh as food, [iii. 94], [217–219], [251]
Sebastopol, siege and bombardment of, [i. 14], [15]
Selkirk, Alexander, on the island of Juan Fernandez, [i. 33]
Selkirk, Lady: plate taken from her by Paul Jones, [iii. 73], [74]; returned five years afterwards, [75]
returned five years afterwards, [75]
“Serapis” taken by Paul Jones, [iii. 77]
Seton, Major: loss of the “Birkenhead,” [i. 71]
Severn: Commodore Anson’s ship, [ii. 46], [50]
“Shah” and “Huascar:” action between them, [i. 26]
Shakespeare’s allusions to the sea, [iv. 291–295]; “The Tempest,” [292]; “Merchant of Venice,” [294]; “Measure for Measure,” Henry VI. part ii., “Richard III.,” “Pericles,” “Cymbeline,” “Antony and Cleopatra,” “Hamlet,” [295]
“The Tempest,” [292];
“Merchant of Venice,” [294];
“Measure for Measure,” Henry VI. part ii., “Richard III.,” “Pericles,” “Cymbeline,” “Antony and Cleopatra,” “Hamlet,” [295]
Shakespeare’s Cliff, [iv. 240]
Shanghai, [i. 122], [125]
Sharks and Shark Fishing, [iv. 160]; common shark; tiger shark, [161]; the shark worshipped in Africa, [162]
common shark; tiger shark, [161];
the shark worshipped in Africa, [162]
Sharp, Captain, the pirate, [iii. 55]
Shells, Univalve, [iv. 139]
“Shenandoah:” her exploits in the American war, [i. 139]; American whale ships burnt, [iii. 157]
American whale ships burnt, [iii. 157]
Sheshaldinski, Peak of, Aleutian Islands, [i. 171]
Ships and shipping interests, History of, [i. 258]–[ii. 156]
Ship-building, History of. (See [Naval Architecture].)
Ship-money raised by Charles I., [ii. 28]
Shipwrecks and their lessons, [ii. 297]
Shipwrecks; Falconer’s poem, [iv. 297]
Shipwrecked Mariners’ Society, [iv. 226], [249], [258], [272]
Shrimps, [iv. 158]
Sieges of Gibraltar, [i. 90]
Sierra Leone, [i. 202], [204]; Drake at, [314]
Drake at, [314]
Sierra Nevada, [iv. 20], [27], [28]; snow-shed, [29]
snow-shed, [29]
Siffante, south-west wind, [i. 107]
Signals of distress, [ii. 266], [275]; [iv. 289]; necessity for electric communication, [ii. 277]
necessity for electric communication, [ii. 277]
Sigurd, King, the crusader, at Gibraltar, [i. 90]
Silver Mines in Nevada, [iv. 26]
Simon’s Town, Cape of Good Hope, [i. 206]
Singapore, [i. 143]; spices, foliage, fruit, climate, [145], [146]; scenery and commerce, [147]; new harbour, [146], [147]; corals, [150]; Kling gharry drivers, [150]; tiger hunting, ib.; views, [152], [153]
spices, foliage, fruit, climate, [145], [146];
scenery and commerce, [147];
new harbour, [146], [147];
corals, [150];
Kling gharry drivers, [150];
tiger hunting, ib.;
views, [152], [153]
Singhapura, Strait pirates, [i. 146]
Sinope, Battle of, [i. 15]
Siren signals, [iv. 289]
“Sirius,” [ii. 106]
Sirocco, [i. 107]
Sitka, the capital of Alaska, [i. 169], [170]
Skeletons of Franklin’s crews found by McClintock, [iii. 230]
Skerryvore Lighthouse, [ii. 175–178]
Slave-trade: established, [i. 295]; slaves taken by Sir John Hawkins, ib.; the African Company, [ii. 33]; views of Columbus on slavery, [iii. 295], [302]; slaves from America taken to Spain by Columbus and others, [295], [302], [307]
slaves taken by Sir John Hawkins, ib.;
the African Company, [ii. 33];
views of Columbus on slavery, [iii. 295], [302];
slaves from America taken to Spain by Columbus and others, [295], [302], [307]
Sledges in Arctic exploration, [iii. 99–114], [133;] sledge journeys by McClintock, [iii. 225]; by Morton, in Dr. Kane’s Arctic expedition, [239]; by Dr. Kane’s, [248]; by Capt. Parry’s, [179]; by Lieut. Payer’s, [272]
sledge journeys by McClintock, [iii. 225];
by Morton, in Dr. Kane’s Arctic expedition, [239];
by Dr. Kane’s, [248];
by Capt. Parry’s, [179];
by Lieut. Payer’s, [272]
Sleep in the Arctic regions, [iii. 251]
Sleepy comfort of freezing: Dr. Kane’s experience, [iii. 237]
Slip water bottles, for deep-sea sounding, [i. 29], [38]
Smeaton, John: biographical notice, [ii. 164]; third Eddystone lighthouse, [165]; portrait, [170]; diving bell, [iv. 81]
third Eddystone lighthouse, [165];
portrait, [170];
diving bell, [iv. 81]
Smiles, Samuel: Smeaton and the Eddystone Lighthouse, [ii. 164], [170]; Plymouth Breakwater, [191]
Plymouth Breakwater, [191]
Smith, Sir Sidney, [i. 6]
Smith, William, Discovery of South Polar Land, [iii. 278]
Smith’s Sound, view in, [iii. 149]; discovered by Baffin, [150]; explored by Dr. Kane, [233]
discovered by Baffin, [150];
explored by Dr. Kane, [233]
“Smoke-stack, Patent,” on the “G. S. Wright,” [i. 141]
Smuggling, [iv. 210], [234]
Smyth, Rear-Admiral: “The Mediterranean,” [i. 87]
Snow and ice: on American railways, [iv. 21], [28]; at Plover Bay, [i. 139]; crimson snow, [iii. 164]. (And see [Ice].)
at Plover Bay, [i. 139];
crimson snow, [iii. 164].
(And see [Ice].)
Snow-blindness, [iii. 179], [182], [239]
Snow houses, [iii. 244]
Snow village in Greenland, [iii. 173], [174]
“Sofia,” Swedish Arctic expedition, [iii. 257]
Soldier crab, [iv. 154]
Soldiers at sea; burning of the “Kent,” [i. 69], [70], [72;] loss of the “Birkenhead,” [74], [75]; wreck of the “Medusa,” [77], [78], [79], [80]
loss of the “Birkenhead,” [74], [75];
wreck of the “Medusa,” [77], [78], [79], [80]
Solen or razor-fish, [iv. 128], [129]
Songs, Naval, [i. 42], [43]
“Souffleur, The,” or the Blower. Mauritius, [iv. 95]
Southampton, [iv. 225]
South-east American Station, [i. 175]
South Sea Bubble, [ii. 42–44]
South Virginia Company: colonisation of America, [ii. 11]
Southey’s “Life of Nelson,” [i. 8], [10]; “British Admirals,” [274], [275], [278]; defeat of the Armada, [290]; Sir John Hawkins and the slave-trade, [298]; Drake’s circumnavigation of the globe, [314]; anecdotes of Drake, [315]; exploits of Sir William Monson, [ii. 19]; sea anemones, [iv. 197]
“British Admirals,” [274], [275], [278];
defeat of the Armada, [290];
Sir John Hawkins and the slave-trade, [298];
Drake’s circumnavigation of the globe, [314];
anecdotes of Drake, [315];
exploits of Sir William Monson, [ii. 19];
sea anemones, [iv. 197]
Sovereign of the Seas, launched by Phineas Pett, [i. 232]
Spalding’s diving-bell, its failure, and his death, [iv. 81]
Spanish Armada defeated, [i. 283–291]
Spanish galleons taken during the Commonwealth, [ii. 31]; taken by Alison, [59–61]; [iii. 3]
taken by Alison, [59–61]; [iii. 3]
Spanish expedition to El Dorado, [ii. 9]
Speedy, commanded by Admiral Cochrane, [i. 219]; action with the Spanish frigate “Gamo,” ib.
action with the Spanish frigate “Gamo,” ib.
Spiders in ships, [i. 221]
Spinola: action at Cerimbra Roads, [ii. 19], [21]
Spinous cockle, [iv. 204]
Spithead, mutiny at, [i. 251]
Spitzbergen: discovery of, [iii. 142]; Magdalena Bay, [166], [167]; animal life in, [167], [257]
Magdalena Bay, [166], [167];
animal life in, [167], [257]
Spolasco, Dr.: wreck of the “Killarney,” [ii. 305]
Spondylus, [iv. 138], [140]
Sponges: “Venus’s Flower-basket,” [i. 30], [32]; sponge fishing off the coast of Greece, [iv. 65], [77]
sponge fishing off the coast of Greece, [iv. 65], [77]
Sprat, [iv. 173]
Spray of the ocean, [iv. 92]
Spry, W. J. J., R.N.: cruise of the Challenger, [i. 28]
Squat lobsters, [iv. 158]
“Squirrel,” Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s ship, [i. 318]
Stables, Dr., R.N., on the punishment of the “cat,” [i. 52], [53]; “Medical Life in the Navy,” [i. 220]
“Medical Life in the Navy,” [i. 220]
Staines, Sir Thomas: his discovery of the survivors of the Bounty, [i. 247], [248]
Stamp Act in America, [ii. 66]
Star-fish from the Atlantic; voyage of the Challenger, [i. 31]; [iv. 125], [128]
Stations, Naval: American, [i. 102]; Pacific, [156]; Australian, [119], [131], [150]; China, [119], [137]; East India, [119]; Southeast American, [175]; West Indian, [178]; North American, [198]; African, [202]
Pacific, [156];
Australian, [119], [131], [150];
China, [119], [137];
East India, [119];
Southeast American, [175];
West Indian, [178];
North American, [198];
African, [202]
Steam-power essential in deep-sea sounding, [i. 29], [30]
Steam as a motive-power for ships: early history, [ii. 79–97]
Steam-ships first used for Arctic exploration, [iii. 186]
Steam war-ships first introduced, [i. 225]
Steel ships, [i. 84]
Stephens, F. G.: “History of Gibraltar and its Sieges,” [i. 90]
Stephenson, Captain H. F.: winter quarters of the Discovery, [iii. 100], [101]; Alert and Discovery expedition, [iii. 92]
Alert and Discovery expedition, [iii. 92]
Stevenson, Allan: the Skerryvore lighthouse, [ii. 175–178]; revolving and other lights, [186]
revolving and other lights, [186]
Stevenson, Robert, Rennie’s assistant at the Bell Rock Lighthouse, [ii. 175]
Stewart, Captain A.: search for Franklin, [iii. 207]
Stirling, J. D. Morriss, on the sea-serpent, [iv. 187], [189]
Storms: the great gale of 1703; Defoe’s account, [ii. 199–209]; other accounts, [201], [202], [203]; “The Storm,” “After the Storm,” and other illustrations, [iv. 292], [293], [296], [297], [300], [301]
Defoe’s account, [ii. 199–209];
other accounts, [201], [202], [203];
“The Storm,” “After the Storm,” and other illustrations, [iv. 292], [293], [296], [297], [300], [301]
Straits of Gibraltar: scenery, [i. 97]
Stratford de Redcliffe, Viscount: his verses on the lifeboat, [ii. 211]
Strombus, a univalve shell, [iv. 144]
Sturgeon and its roe; caviare, [iv. 162]
Submarine telegraph cables, [iv. 98]
Submerged forest, [iv. 199]
Suez, [i. 110], [114], [115]
Suez Canal: procession of ships at its opening, [i. 97]; M. de Lesseps’ published works on the Canal; its origin and completion, [i. 107–115]; statistics, [115]; bird’s-eye view, [109]
M. de Lesseps’ published works on the Canal; its origin and completion, [i. 107–115];
statistics, [115];
bird’s-eye view, [109]
Sugar plantations, Jamaica, [i. 183]
Sun, The. (See [Mock Suns].)
Sun at midnight in the Arctic regions, [iii. 264]
“Sunbeam:” voyage of circumnavigation, [iv. 40]; [61], [62]
Sun-fish, [iv. 162], [164]
Sunshine in the Polar regions, [iii. 109]
Surgeons in the navy, [i. 52]
Swallow, [i. 7]
Swallow, Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s ship, [i. 318]
Swamped at sea: loss of the “London,” [ii. 289], [290–297]
Swedish Arctic expeditions, [iii. 257]
Swedish ships: sanitary arrangements, [ii. 120]
Sword-fish, and mode of fishing for it, [iv. 177], [178]
Sydney, South Australia, [i. 154]; its natural productions, ib.; the Domain; the botanic garden, [155]; [iv. 52]
its natural productions, ib.;
the Domain; the botanic garden, [155]; [iv. 52]
Symington, William: steam navigation, [ii. 82]; his experiments, [83], [84], [92]; portrait, [85]
his experiments, [83], [84], [92];
portrait, [85]
Symons, Captain, lost in the “Amazon,” [ii. 278], [282]
Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope, [i. 207]
Tallack, W.: “Malta under the Phœnicians, Knights, and English,” [i. 98]
Tandon, Moquin, on sea-monsters, [i. 31]
Tasman: his discovery of Tasmania, [i. 151]; discovery of New Zealand, [iv. 51]; the Maories, [ib.]
discovery of New Zealand, [iv. 51];
the Maories, [ib.]
Taylor, James: steam navigation, [ii. 81], [83]
Tchuktchi Indians: [iii. 158]; building a hut, [157]; Professor Nordenskjöld at a Tchuktchi village, [275]
building a hut, [157];
Professor Nordenskjöld at a Tchuktchi village, [275]
Tea in Chili, [i. 175]; Japanese, [i. 133]; [iv. 43]
Japanese, [i. 133]; [iv. 43]
Tea tax in America, [ii. 67–69], [72]; thrown overboard, [69], [72]
thrown overboard, [69], [72]
“Tegethoff:” Austro-Hungarian Arctic expedition, [iii. 271]; two years on an ice-floe, [ib.]; the ship abandoned, [274]
two years on an ice-floe, [ib.];
the ship abandoned, [274]
Telegraphy: submarine cables, [iv. 98]
Telescope, equatorial, at the Observatory, Greenwich, [iv. 218]
Téméraire, [i. 5], [10], [11]; her engines, [i. 225]
her engines, [i. 225]
Temperature: of the depths of the sea, [i. 30]; of the Atlantic Ocean, [37]; extreme cold in the Arctic regions, [iii. 103], [105], [111], [135], [136], [171], [225], [236], [237], [276]
of the Atlantic Ocean, [37];
extreme cold in the Arctic regions, [iii. 103], [105], [111], [135], [136], [171], [225], [236], [237], [276]
Tenney, Matthew: his heroism on board the Cumberland, [i. 22]
Teredo, [iv. 128]
Ternati, Drake at, [i. 312], [313]
Terror and Erebus among the icebergs, [iii. 193], [197]
Terror: voyage of the Terror under Captain Back, [196]; the ship nipped in the ice, [204]; Franklin’s last expedition, [207]; discovery of relics, [227], [230]
the ship nipped in the ice, [204];
Franklin’s last expedition, [207];
discovery of relics, [227], [230]
Thames: Great Storm of 1703, [ii. 204]; poetry of the, [iv. 272]
poetry of the, [iv. 272]
Theatre at Lima, [i. 172]
Theatres, Chinese, in San Francisco, [i. 161]
Theatricals: on the “Great Britain,” [iv. 34]; “Royal Arctic Theatres” on the Alert and Discovery, [iii. 103]; on other Arctic ships, [170]
“Royal Arctic Theatres” on the Alert and Discovery, [iii. 103];
on other Arctic ships, [170]
“Thémistocle,” [i. 7]
Thermometers for deep-sea sounding, [i. 30], [37], [38]
Thirst, sufferings from, [ii. 16]
Thomas, Captain, lost in the “Schiller,” [ii. 267], [270]
Thomson, J., “The Straits of Malacca,” [i. 144]
Thomson, Professor Wyville; cruise of the Challenger, [i. 29]
Thorne, Robert, his voyage of discovery, [iii. 119]
Thorpeness, Suffolk, [iv. 247]; enterprise of Joseph Chard, [ib.]
enterprise of Joseph Chard, [ib.]
Thunderer; her engines, [i. 225]
Tides of the Ocean, [iv. 92]
Tilbury Fort; Great Storm of 1703; West Indiamen wrecked, [ii. 205]
Time, mode of reckoning it in ships; “watches,” “bells,” “dog-watches,” [i. 50]
Time, difference between London and San Francisco, [iv. 30]
Timor, Lieut. Bligh at; mutiny of the Bounty, [i. 242]
Tobacco in Cuba when discovered by Columbus, [iii. 290]
Tobago; Crusoe’s Island, [i. 179]
Top-knot, a minute flat-fish, [iv. 206]
Torpedo (fish), [iv. 160]
Torpedoes: Fulton’s submarine boat, [ii. 88]; Marquis of Worcester’s inventions, [146]; Bishop Wilkins’s subaqueous vessel, or “ark,” [148]; Schott, Knuffler, Fulton’s torpedoes, ib., [149]; Cushing’s attack on the “Albemarle,” [151]; “Lay” torpedo, ib.; Porter’s, Fulton’s, Lay torpedo, Spar torpedo, [153]; Paraguayan torpedo, [154]; Harvey torpedo, [153], [155]; Whitehead or “fish” torpedo, [155]
Marquis of Worcester’s inventions, [146];
Bishop Wilkins’s subaqueous vessel, or “ark,” [148];
Schott, Knuffler, Fulton’s torpedoes, ib., [149];
Cushing’s attack on the “Albemarle,” [151];
“Lay” torpedo, ib.;
Porter’s, Fulton’s, Lay torpedo, Spar torpedo, [153];
Paraguayan torpedo, [154];
Harvey torpedo, [153], [155];
Whitehead or “fish” torpedo, [155]
Torres, Luis Vaes de; Torres Strait, [iii. 277]
Tortuga, bucaniers at, [iii. 5], [6]; wild dogs and horses, [iii. 7]; its discovery; turtles, [315]
wild dogs and horses, [iii. 7];
its discovery; turtles, [315]
Torture: Spaniards tortured by pirates, [iii. 38]
Toulon, Siege of, [i. 6]
“Trades’ Increase,” East Indiaman, [ii. 13]
Trafalgar, Battle of, [i. 10–13], [227]
Training Ships, [i. 44]; the Chichester, [45], [47]; course of instruction and drill, [48], [49]; saluting officers, [48]; incessant work, [49]; [iv. 287]
the Chichester, [45], [47];
course of instruction and drill, [48], [49];
saluting officers, [48];
incessant work, [49]; [iv. 287]
Transportation of convicts to Australia, [i. 154]
Treasure ships, [i. 311]; [ii. 19], [55], [56], [59–61]; [iii. 60], [63]
Trent in the ice, [iii. 165], [166], [167]
Trepang fisheries (Holothuria), [iv. 127], [128]
Trevethick, Robt., portrait, [ii. 97]
Trinidad, Columbus landing at, [i. 177], [178]; [iii. 295]; visit of Amerigo Vespucci, [302]; Raleigh at, [ii. 4], [33]
visit of Amerigo Vespucci, [302];
Raleigh at, [ii. 4], [33]
Trinidad, Port of Spain, [i. 179–182]
Trinity House and the Trinity Corporation, [iv. 287–289]; duties of the Board, [289]; light-vessels and staff of the Corporation, [ib.]; royal and noble Masters and Brethren, [ib.]; fog-horns or Siren signals, [ib.]
duties of the Board, [289];
light-vessels and staff of the Corporation, [ib.];
royal and noble Masters and Brethren, [ib.];
fog-horns or Siren signals, [ib.]
Tripe de roche: rock-lichen as food, [iii. 241]
Tristan d’Acunha, [i. 38], [201]
Triton, a univalve shell, [iv. 144]
Trochus, a univalve shell, [iv. 141]
Trollope, Anthony: “The West Indies and the Spanish Main,” [i. 179], [182], [183]; Bermuda, [187], [188]; New Zealand, [iv. 51]; Sydney, [52]; Melbourne, [54]
Bermuda, [187], [188];
New Zealand, [iv. 51];
Sydney, [52];
Melbourne, [54]
Tromp, Martin, [ii. 30]
Tryal, Commodore Anson’s ship, [ii. 46], [50], [55]
Tunny: tunny-fishing, [iv. 177]
Turbo, a univalve shell, [iv. 141]
Turret-ships: “Monitor,” “Merrimac,” “Miantonoma,” [ii. 139], [140], [141]; interior of a turret-ship, [142]; “Brooklyn,” “Ohio,” Captain, Vanguard, Warrior, Black Prince, [143]; other turret-ships: Inflexible, [144], [145]; Alexandra, [146], [147]
interior of a turret-ship, [142];
“Brooklyn,” “Ohio,” Captain, Vanguard, Warrior, Black Prince, [143];
other turret-ships: Inflexible, [144], [145]; Alexandra, [146], [147]
Inflexible, [144], [145];
Alexandra, [146], [147]
Turtle at the Island of Ascension, [i. 202]
“Tuscarora:” deep-sea soundings, [i. 28], [30]
Twain, Mark: his account of the Bermudas, [i. 189]
Tyre, Ships of, [i. 259]
Unclassed ships, [ii. 123]
Union gun-boat, [i. 6]
“United Kingdom,” steam-ship, [ii. 98], [99]
“United States,” Dr. Hayes’s Arctic expedition, [iii. 255]
Univalves, [iv. 139]
Unseaworthy ships, [ii. 112–119]
Upernavik, Danish settlement at, [iii. 254]
Urchins: sea-urchins, [iv. 126], [128]
Utah, [iv. 23]