There are certain processes always going on in the blood, whose continuance in the right direction is essential to health. When one of these processes is disturbed, it does not generally cease, but it goes on then in a wrong direction.
The natural processes result, on the one hand, in the preparation of fit and proper nutriment out of the materials of the digested food, for the growth and support of the several tissues and functions; and, on the other hand, in the gradual change and conduction out of the body of the products of the waste of those tissues. But when any process goes on in a wrong direction, it results in the formation of various products different from those which are required, and which the kidneys and other glands are at length called upon to excrete from the system. The result is that the general health is more or less seriously impaired.
There is also another way in which these diseases are not unfrequently caused. A natural process may stop at a certain point, and go no further. The material formed at that stage remains as it is. It is not wanted; it is morbid; and it also is excreted from the body. It is possible that these errors in the assimilative processes may sometimes arise in the first instance from a deficiency in the blood of some substance whose influence was necessary to the proper conduct or control of the natural series of changes. Some of these conducting materials may be formed by the liver; for it is found that these disorders are very commonly connected with an impairment of the function of that organ. Thus Mercury, which restores the secretion of the liver, is often useful in Arthritic disorders; as also is Quinine, which has already been shown to have a peculiar relation to liver diseases.
But these disorders, however they may first originate, consist in an active morbid process of one kind or another; and the surest way of counteracting this process, or of diverting it into a right direction, is by the employment of one of the Catalytic medicines contained in this order. Some stages of these diseases are attended with a want in the blood of some of its ordinary constituents; which condition may be relieved by the supply of a Restorative remedy.
Thus in this group of disorders three kinds of medicines may be employed, which tend in various ways to improve the condition of the blood.
Acids and Alkalies are sometimes needed, and act on the Restorative principle. The true Antiarthritics are those medicines which are employed on the Catalytic plan, to meet and neutralize the morbid material or process in the blood. And sometimes Eliminatives are made use of, which seem, by acting on the secretions of the skin, kidneys, or bowels, to be able to rid the blood of an unnatural product. Thus Guaiacum and Salines are employed in Rheumatism, and Purgatives in Gout.
These two joint affections are most characteristically under the influence of Catalytic remedies. Diabetes and Lithiasis are more under the control of Restoratives than the others.
The medicines composing this fourth order of Catalytics have been already enumerated.
That Colchicum tends in some way to neutralize in the blood the poison of Gout, and to a less degree that of Rheumatism also, is generally admitted, although various theories have been adopted to explain this action. (Vide Chap. IV. Art. Colchicum.)
In Oxaluria, the employment of Nitric acid as a remedy was first recommended by Dr. Prout. Dr. Golding Bird advised the substitution of Nitro-hydrochloric acid, which has proved to be a most valuable remedy, not only in this disorder, but also in some cases of lithic deposit. The Oxalate of Lime rarely occurs alone in the urine; there is generally along with it some Urate of Ammonia. The causes of the two deposits appear to be in some way connected. So also are the remedies similar. Dr. G. Bird has found Colchicum to be of signal service in cases of lithic deposit in the urine; and has proved the same medicine to be efficacious in Oxaluria.