Ocean Steamships / A popular account of their construction, development, management and appliances

by French Ensor Chadwick; John H. Gould; Ridgely Hunt; J. D. Jerrold Kelley; William H. Rideing; A. E. Seaton

INDEX.

• Aaron Manby, the, first iron steamship, [14].
• Accommodation, the, first steamboat on the St. Lawrence, [5].
• Adelaide, the, a famous clipper ship, [225].
• Aden, [270].
• Agents, steamship, at home and abroad, [132].
• Aller, the, [40].
• America, the, as a freight carrier, [233].
• American enterprise in first establishing long ocean routes, [253].
• Anchor, heaving the, [156].
• Anchor line, the, [243].
• Arctic, the, loss of, [26].
• Arizona, the, [36].
• collision of, with an iceberg, [203].
• speed of, [229].
• Atlas line, the, [243].
• Austro-Hungarian Lloyd Steam Navigation Company, [264].
• Banana trade, the, [240], et seq.
• receipts of bananas in 1890, [243].
• Barges, coaling, [248].
• Bassorah, [273].
• Bayonne, the, a tank steamer, record of, [245].
• Bennett, James Gordon, Sr., a passenger on the Sirius’s first return voyage, [217].
• Bill of fare of a transatlantic liner, [137].
• required by the British Government, [143].
• Black Ball line. [See] Marshall, C. H., & Co.
• Black Star line. [See] Grimshaw & Co.
• Black Star line, old. [See] Guion line.
• Boat drill on shipboard, [181].
• Boilers, tubular, the first, [33].
• Bombay, description of, [271].
• steamship lines converging at, [272].
• Bothnia, the, [35].
• Bramah, Joseph, proposes the plan of a screw propeller, [17].
• Bramwell, Sir Frederick, [36].
• his comparison of an ancient galley to an Atlantic liner, [108].
• Breadstuffs and provisions, value of export of, in 1890-91, [224].
• Britannia, the first of the Cunard ships to sail for America, [21].
• her dimensions, [22], [31], [73].
• the pioneer of the Cunard line, [118].
• Britannic, the, [35].
• description of, [73].
• average speed of, [77].
• British India Steam Navigation Company, the, [263].
• Brown, Wm. H., builder of the Collins vessels, [26].
• Brunel, designer of the Great Western, [10].
• and of the Great Britain, [19].
• plans the Great Eastern, [30].
• Buenos Ayres, [288].
• Bulkheads and double bottoms in steamships, [206].
• Bureau Veritas, exhibit of, at the Liverpool naval exhibition, [4].
• Burns, Mr. George, [12].
• Bushire, [272].
• Calcutta, first steamship to arrive in, [255].
• California, early sea travel to, [254].
• Callao, [284].
• Canton, [278].
• Castle Mail Packets Company, [292].
• Cattle ships, loading of, [248].
• cost of shipping cattle, [251].
• Caulking an iron ship, [102].
• Charles W. Wetmore, the, the “whaleback,” description of, [234], et seq.
• Checking of baggage, system of transatlantic, [131], [141].
• China, the, [32].
• Chinese passenger traffic to California, [281].
• City of Berlin, the, [35].
• City of Glasgow, the, [73], [124].
• City of New York, the, [42].
• highest average speed made by, [129].
• City of Paris, the, [42].
• description of, [74].
• bulkhead system of, [206].
• as a record breaker, [229].
• City of Rome, the, rejected by the Inman Company, [93].
• Clermont, the, speed of, [68].
• description of, [70].
• Clipper ships, famous, [225].
• early American, [254].
• Clyde, Firth of the, [95].
• Coal, consumption of, on steamers, [39], [44], [67].
• reduced by the employment of improved engines, [87].
• Coaling ocean steamers, [248].
• Coal-trimmers, feast of, [175].
• Coastwise steamships, lines of, [223].
• Collins, Mr. E. K., founder of the Collins line, [120].
• Collins line, establishment of, [25], [121].
• vessels of, [20], [31], [121].
• rates of, [122].
• bankruptcy of, [27], [122].
• Colombo, [273].
• Columba, the, [72].
• Comet, the, model of, [3].
• description of, [5], [70], [96].
• Compagnie Générale Transatlantique, the, establishment of, [25], [43].
• freight capacity of ships of, [218].
• Condenser, surface, [32].
• Conveniences and luxuries of transatlantic travel, [137], et seq.
• Cotton, value of export of, [224].
• Cufic, the, tonnage of, [230].
• Cunard, Mr. Samuel, [12], [118].
• Cunard line, foundation of, [12].
• first fleet of, [21], [118].
• a monopoly at the start, [120].
• freight capacity of their largest ships, [218].
• Demologos the, Fulton’s war steamer, description of, [5].
• Distances, prices, etc., from London to San Francisco eastward, table of, [265].
• Draught, forced, [88].
• Dreadnaught, the, a famous clipper ship, [225].
• Duchess of Hamilton, the, [71].
• Eider, the, rapid freighting of, [247].
• Elder, John, & Co., introduce the compound engine, [34], [40].
• Elevators, floating capacity of, [239].
• Engineer force on a large steamship, duties, [173].
• Engine-room of a steamship, [170].
• Engines, marine, of the Great Britain, [19], [33], [36].
• triple expansion, [39], [46].
• compound, [68], [87].
• Enterprise, the, first steamship to arrive in India, [7], [255].
• Ericsson, John, shows the practicability of the screw propeller, [14].
• Esmeralda, the, wave-action in the case of, [48].
• Etruria, the, best voyage of, [77].
• timely arrival of, [252].
• Evans, Oliver, advocates high pressures, [33], [35].
• Export business in 1890 from the principal Atlantic ports, [224].
• Fairfield, ship-yard, description of, [104].
• “Fairing the ship,” [98].
• Fastnet light, [194].
• Ferry-boat, the New York, [3].
• Fire-drill on a steamship, [154].
• Firemen on the ocean steamships, [44].
• Florio line, the, [243].
• Fog at sea, dangers of, [186].
• narrow escapes in, [189], et seq.
• Forbes, Mr. R. B., of Boston, builds screw steamers for transatlantic trade, [24].
• Freighters, as a class of ocean steamships, [226], [233].
• Freights, ocean, rate of, [251].
• volume of, [224].
• how handled, [246].
• Froude, Mr. W., investigations of, on the best forms for ships, [46], [63].
• Fruit steamship, the, [239], et seq.
• description of, [240].
• Fulton, the maker of the first successful steamboats, [2], [5].
• first war steamer designed by, [5].
• Germanic, the, [35], [74].
• Gibraltar, description of, [260].
• Glasgow & New York Steamship Co., [125].
• Glasgow, the shipbuilders of, [96].
• Grain-carrying, vessels designed for, [234], et seq.
• Great Britain, the, building of, [13].
• details of, [19].
• fate of, [20].
• Great Eastern, the, [30].
• Great Western, the, [72].
• description of, [10].
• her voyage to New York and return, [11], [113], [117].
• her career and end, [12].
• built of iron and with a screw, [14].
• Great Western Steamship Company, formation of, [7].
• Brunel the founder of, [9].
• Grimshaw & Co.’s line, [113].
• Guion line, establishment of, [25], [113].
• steamers of, lost between Fastnet and Liverpool, [195].
• the freight capacity of, [218].
• Hamburg-American line, ships of, [43].
• their freight capacity, [218].
• Henderson, Thomas, self-cleaning fire-bars of, [89].
• Henriette, Princesse, the, description of, [70].
• Honduras & Central American line, the, [243].
• Hong-Kong, [277].
• Hoogly River, navigation of, [275].
• Horse-power, [64].
• increase of, not in proportion to increase in size of vessel, [67].
• Howden, James, forced draught process of, [88].
• Hulls, Jonathan, pamphlet of, on propelling boats by steam, [1].
• Hydrographic Bureau, charts issued by, [199].
• Ice at sea, perils of, [198], et seq.
• Icebergs, origin and dangers of, [200].
• Immigrant passenger traffic, proportions of, [147].
• how handled, [148].
• Impérieuse, the, [63].
• India, short route to, from Europe, [255].
• Inman line, ships of, [42].
• beginning of the, [122].
• the first to use the screw propeller and to carry steerage passengers, [124].
• the freight capacity of the largest ships of, [218].
• Iron vessels, the first, [13].
• Thomas Wilson, the first builder of, [14].
• Japanese steamship lines, [281].
• John Randolph, the, first iron vessel in the United States, [13].
• Kirk, Mr. A. C., triple expansion engines of, [39].
• Kurrachee, [272].
• Laird, Mr. J., [11].
• builder of the first iron vessels on a large scale, [13].
• Laird, Mr. McGregor, estimate of coal consumption in steam navigation, [9].
• Lardner, Dr., his declaration of the impossibility of steam navigation, [7].
• Lima, [284].
• Liverpool, New York, & Philadelphia Steamship Co. [See] Inman line.
• Log, patent, [213].
• London, table of distances and prices from and to San Francisco, [265].
• Madras, [275].
• Mails, accommodations for, on ocean steamships, [230], et seq.
• sorting, on board ship, [231].
• largest European, brought by the Servia, [231].
• Majestic, the, fast trip of, [44].
• description of, [74].
• breaks the record, [229].
• Marshall, C. H., & Co.’s line, [113], [120].
• Marshall, Mr. F. C., paper of, [36].
• Mary Whitredge, the, a famous clipper ship, [225].
• Maudslay & Field, builders of marine engines, [11].
• McIver, Mr. David, [12].
• McKinley bill, influence of, on freight rates, [251].
• Mediterranean fruit trade, the, [243].
• Merchandise, value of export of, in 1890-1891, [244].
• Messageries Maritimes, the fleet of, [264].
• Miller, Patrick, [68].
• Mirehouse, Captain John, [144].
• Models of British boats, display of, [2], [4].
• Molasses ship, the, [246].
• Montevideo, [288].
• National line, the establishment of, [25].
• as a freight carrier, [233].
• Naval Exhibition, at Liverpool, in 1886, [2].
• models of Italian and French ships at, [4].
• at London, [4].
• Netherland-India Steamship Company, [276].
• New York & Havre Steam Navigation Co., [120].
• New Zealand Shipping Company, [292].
• Nomadic, the, carried the largest amount of freight, [233].
• Noon position of the ship, finding the, [179].
• North German Lloyd, establishment of, [25].
• ships of, [43].
• freight capacity of the express steamships of, [218].
• rapid handlers of freight, [247], [264].
• Observations for latitude at sea, [176].
• Ocean Steam Navigation Co., the, [120].
• Oceanic Company. [See] White Star line.
• Officers of a steamship, [152], et seq.
• Oil for calming troubled waters, use of, [213].
• Oregon, the, sinking of, [51], [198].
• Orient Steam Navigation Company, [266].
• Ormuz, [272].
• Pacific Mail Steamship Company, the, ships of, [29], [243], [280].
• Pacific Steam Navigation Company of England, [23], [283].
• Packet lines, the Liverpool, [255].
• to Australia, [254].
• Paddle-steamer, high-water mark of, [31].
• Paddle-wheel compared with screw, [79].
• when necessary, [80].
• Panama, [283].
• Parker, Mr., his comparison of triple expansion engines with ordinary ones, [39].
• Passenger capacity of the early steamships, [114].
• accommodations then, [119].
• and now, [127].
• Passenger lists, [131].
• Passengers, cabin, statistics of, [133].
• Pearce, Sir William, of the Fairfield ship-yard, [110].
• Peninsular & Oriental Steam Navigation Company, the, [23], [260].
• an imaginary trip by, [260].
• Persia, the, description of, [31].
• Plimsoll, Samuel, [251].
• Polyphemus, H.B.M.S., [59].
• Princeton, the, description of, [23].
• Propellers, failure of, internal, [83].
• material of, [214].
• Puritan, the, [71].
• Quarantine regulations, [142].
• Quartermasters, duties of, [164].
• Randolph Elder & Co. [See] Elder, John, & Co.
• Red Sea, the passage through, [269].
• Refrigerators on steamships, [232].
• Rio Janeiro, [288].
• Ruthven’s hydraulic propeller, [83].
• Saale, the, [40].
• Said, Port, harbor of, [263], [266].
• traffic of, [269].
• Sailors, on a steamship, [165], et seq.
• messes of, [174].
• Savannah, the first steamship to cross the ocean, [8].
• Scotia, the, [31], [32], [73].
• Screw propeller, used by Ericsson, [16].
• invented or proposed by others, [17], et seq.
• early prejudice against, [79].
• compared with paddle-wheel, [79].
• twin screws, [43], [80], [209], [212].
• triple screws, [80].
• form and nature of, [84].
• instances of change of form, [85].
• Scythia, the, [35].
• Servia, the, largest mail brought by her, [231].
• Shaft, breaking of a steamer’s, [210].
• Shanghai, [280].
• Shaw, Savill & Albion Company, the, [292].
• Ship, investigations into the resistance of a, in motion, [46], [63].
• Ships, forms of, how judged of, [62].
• life of, [55].
• speed of, visionary schemes to increase, [58].
• the speed of, primary conditions for, [61].
• Singapore, [276].
• Sirius, the, first steamer to cross from Europe to New York, [11], [112].
• Skin of ship, frictional resistance of, [46], [86].
• Smith, Thomas Pettit, invents a screw propeller, [17], [18].
• Sorting mails on shipboard, [231].
• South Stack lighthouse, [194].
• Sovereign of the Seas, the, quick run of, [254].
• Specie-room on a steamship, [231].
• Speed of ship, schemes to increase, [58].
• conditions for, [61].
• increases safety, [204].
• Standard Oil Co., the, tank steamers of, [245].
• “Steam lanes,” [215].
• Steamboat had at first the greatest use in America, [4], [28].
• Steamship, a first-class, cost of, [92].
• construction of, first stages, [97], et seq.
• variability of results in its construction, [93].
• lines, number and statistics of, [135], et seq.
• records of fast trips of, [130].
• passenger, table fare of, [136].
• incoming, how signalled, [142].
• hauling out a, [149].
• expert seamanship required to manage a, [150].
• officers, junior, [163].
• fire drill on, [154].
• care of, at sea, [159].
• crew of, [165].
• inspection of, [170].
• travel, perils of, [186], et seq.
• wrecked, list of, [195], et seq.
• burned at sea, [197].
• speed of increases safety, [204].
• safety of, [205], et seq.
• freight and passenger, [217].
• Steamships, the fastest, cost of, [218].
• list of transatlantic, [219].
• routes long, first established by Boston merchants, [253];
• to India, China, and Australia, list of, [266];
• traffic main of, [256].
• number and nationality of, [256].
• lines of transatlantic, [259].
• between Europe and the East, [260].
• Steel, use of, in naval construction, [54].
• industry in the United States, [56], [86].
• Steerage passengers, fare of, [143].
• inspection of, [144].
• Steering gear, steam, [164].
• Stevens, Mr., of Hoboken, experiments of, with the screw propeller, [18].
• return tubular boilers built by, [33].
• Stockton, Commodore Robert F., orders screw boats of Ericsson, [17].
• Stoke-hole of a steamship, [171].
• Stokers, at work, [172].
• their quarters, [175].
• Suez Canal, passage of, [269].
• Sunday on steamship, [142].
• Tank steamers, [243], et seq.
• Tapscott’s line, [213].
• Teutonic, breaks the record, [44], [129], [229].
• tonnage of, [230].
• Thomas Powell, the, [34].
• Tonnage of the United States in 1829 and subsequently, [7].
• of London and Liverpool, [8].
• of foreign and domestic ships in 1890, [223].
• steam, in the United States and Great Britain, [53].
• Tow-boats, statistics of, [223].
• Tramp steamships, tonnage of, in 1890-91, [223].
• description of, [234].
• Trave, the, [40].
• largest mail carried by her, [230].
• Travel, transatlantic, increasing, [134].
• Trevithick opposed by Watt, [77].
• Triple-expansion engines, the first, [39].
• Tripoli, Cunard steamer, loss of, [195].
• Twin screws, [43].
• safety secured by the system of, [209].
• steamers having, [212].
• Unicorn, the, first steamship to enter Boston from Europe, [118].
• Union Steamship Company, the, [292].
• United States and Brazil Mail Steamship Company, [289].
• Valparaiso, [284].
• Vanderbilt, Commodore, starts a line of transatlantic steamers, [124].
• Ville du Havre, loss of, [197].
• Water, resistance of, to a moving vessel, [46], [48], [63].
• Waterwitch, the, experiments with, [83].
• Watt, proposes a spiral oar, [17].
• his prejudice against steam applied to marine propulsion, [77].
• Wave-action in the case of ships at full speed, [46], et seq.
• Waves produced by a ship in motion, [47], [61].
• West Indies, steamship lines touching at, [290].
• “Whaleback” steamer, description of, [234].
• Wheelwright, William, the instigator of Pacific Steam Navigation Co., [23].
• White Star line, establishment of, [25].
• build a new type of ship, [35].
• conveniences for passengers in, [126].
• the freight capacity of the largest ships of, [218].
• influence of, on ocean navigation, [230].
• Williams & Guion. [See] Guion line.
• Wilson line, the, as freight carriers, [219].
• Wilson, Thomas, builds the first iron vessel, [14].
• World, a trip round the, [256], et seq.
• Wrecked steamships, list of, [195], et seq.
• Wyckoff, Chevalier, a passenger on the Sirius’s return voyage, [117].

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“A reference to the several titles will convince any one at all familiar with the general subject that the particular topic is treated in every instance by an expert, entitled as such to speak with authority.”—Judge Thomas M. Cooley.

The American Railway

ITS CONSTRUCTION, DEVELOPMENT,
MANAGEMENT, AND APPLIANCES.

WRITTEN BY THE MOST EMINENT AUTHORITIES IN ALL
BRANCHES OF RAILWAY WORK.

The book is divided into the following chapters, each being complete and full in the treatment of its subject.

AN INTRODUCTION BY JUDGE THOMAS M. COOLEY,
Chairman of the Inter-state Commerce Commission.