[1921] Ceylon, i (1859) 575.
[1922] We are indebted to Dr. Bretschneider of Pekin for these references to Chinese literature. For information about some of the works quoted, see his pamphlet On the Study and Value of Chinese Botanical Works, Foochow, 1870.
[1923] Dümichen, Fleet of an Egyptian Queen, Leipzig, 1868, p. 1.
[1924] “ ... That there was an ulterior commerce beyond Ceylon is indubitable; for at Ceylon the trade from Malacca and the Golden Chersonese met the merchants from Arabia, Persia and Egypt. This might possibly have been in the hands of the Malays or even the Chinese, who seem to have been navigators in all ages as universally as the Arabians....” Vincent, op. cit. ii. 284. 285.—In the time of Marco Polo, the trade of China westward met the trade of the Red Sea, no longer in Ceylon, but on the coast of Malabar, apparently at Calicut, where the Portuguese found it on their first arrival. Here, says Marco, the ships from Aden obtained their lading from the East, and carried it into the Red Sea for Alexandria, whence it passed into Europe by means of the Venetians.—See also Yule, Book of Ser Marco Polo, ii. (1871) 325, 327.
[1925] Marco Polo, ii. 255.
[1926] Quatremère (in the book quoted at page 511, note 4), ii. 284.
[1927] Yule, Cathay and the way thither, i. 213, also Kunstmann, Anzeigen der baierischen Akademie, 24 and 25 December 1855. p. 163 and 169.
[1928] Travels of Ibn Batuta, translated by Lee, Lond. 1829. 184.
[1929] Ramusio, Raccolta delle Navigationi et Viaggi, i. (1563) 339; Kunstmann, Kenntniss Indiens im fünfzehnten Jahrhundert, 1864. 39.
[1930] Tennent, op. cit. ii. 52.