[2161] Leber, Appréciation de la fortune privée au moyen-âge, éd. 2, Paris, 1847. 95, 305.
[2162] For a full account of the cultivation of pepper, see Buchanan, Journey from Madras through Mysore, Canara, and Malabar, ii. (1807) 455-520; iii. 158.
[2163] As noticed by Rheede in 1688: “ ... oleum ex pipere destillatum levem piperis odorem spirans, saporis parum acris.”—Hort. Malab. vii. 24.—The oil was however obtained long before by Valerius Cordus, Guintherus Andernacensis and Porta (see our article Cortex Cinnamomi, page 526).
[2164] Annual Statement of the Trade of the U.K. for 1872. 59., 125.
[2165] According to Moodeen Sheriff (Suppl. to Pharm. of India, 134) the berries of Embelia (Samara) Ribes, order Myrsineæ, are said to be sometimes used for adulterating black pepper in the Indian bazaars.
[2166] By the 59 George III. c. 53 § 22 (1819).
[2167] Consult, Hassall, Food and its Adulterations, Lond. 1855. 42; Evans, Pharm. Journ. i. (1860) 605.
[2168] Glossæ in antidotarium Nicolai., ccxlvi. verso.
[2169] In the work quoted, page 579, ii. 465, 533, and iii. 224.
[2170] The genus Chavica separated from Piper by Miquel, has been re-united to it by Casimir de Candolle (Prod. xvi. s. 1). The latter genus is now composed of not fewer than 620 species!