The number of people who contracted the disease varied greatly in the different territories, depending upon the locality whence the prisoners came. Accordingly, the figures in the case of the Grand Duchy of Hesse were rendered large by the fact that a severe epidemic of small-pox broke out in the stronghold of Mayence on the occasion of the arrival there of prisoners from Metz. The number of prisoners that contracted and succumbed to small-pox in the larger military prison-dépôts is shown by the following table, which covers only those places in Prussia and the Grand Duchy of Hesse in which the maximum number of prisoners held in confinement exceeded 5,000:
| Maximum no. prisoners. | Patients. | Deaths. | Patients per 1,000. | Deaths per 100 cases. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spandau | 6,856 | 77 | 25 | 11·2 | 32·5 |
| Jüterbog | 5,002 | 196 | 23 | 39·2 | 11·7 |
| Danzig | 9,189 | 188 | 24 | 20·5 | 12·8 |
| Königsberg | 7,324 | 221 | 22 | 30·2 | 9·9 |
| Stettin | 21,000 | 1,303 | 194 | 62·0 | 14·9 |
| Erfurt | 12,400 | 203 | 28 | 16·4 | 13·8 |
| Magdeburg | 25,450 | 1,902 | 271 | 74·7 | 14·3 |
| Torgau | 9,359 | 603 | 128 | 64·4 | 21·2 |
| Wittenberg | 9,753 | 51 | 10 | 5·2 | 19·6 |
| Posen | 10,303 | 191 | 29 | 18·5 | 15·2 |
| Glogau | 13,621 | 1,198 | 170 | 88·0 | 14·2 |
| Neisse | 12,801 | 385 | 117 | 30·1 | 30·4 |
| Minden | 5,071 | 98 | 13 | 19·3 | 13·3 |
| Wesel | 16,299 | 1,042 | 127 | 63·9 | 12·2 |
| Cologne | 13,774 | 175 | 24 | 12·7 | 13·7 |
| Coblenz | 15,011 | 571 | 111 | 38·0 | 19·4 |
| Lockstedt | 5,000 | 47 | 7 | 9·4 | 14·9 |
| Mayence | 14,669 | 759 | 165 | 51·7 | 21·7 |
In the case of the Kingdom of Saxony and of the South German States no figures for the individual places are available. We see from the above table that of the large prison-dépôts, Glogau, Magdeburg, Torgau, Wesel, Stettin, and Mayence had the most cases of the disease; generally speaking, the smaller places were less severely attacked, although there are a few exceptions to this statement; in Stralsund, for example, there were 78·2 cases of the disease per 1,000 prisoners, in Papenberg and Hanover 63·4, in Colberg 53·9, and in Münster 52·8.
3. Small-pox in the Immobile German Army
The occurrence of small-pox in the immobile German army was closely related to its prevalence among the prisoners, and it attacked the immobile troops much more severely than the field-troops. The latter, to be sure, were no less exposed to the infection, but the former, taken as a whole, were not nearly so well vaccinated; for it was impossible in the short time available to see to it that all the reserves were vaccinated, since the troops designated for the field were given the precedence. Thus between conscription and vaccination there was more or less of an interval, during which a large number of the reserves were not protected against the disease. The total number of men in the immobile army that contracted small-pox was 3,472 (excluding Baden and the Grand Duchy of Hesse, regarding which we have no statistics). Assuming that the average number of reserves in the immobile army was 300,424, this means that about 11·6 per 1,000 contracted the disease. The number of cases among the immobile troops in the individual states of the Confederation varied greatly, as indicated by the following table:
| Average no. reserves. | Patients. | Deaths. | Patients per 1,000. | Deaths per 100 cases. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N. Germany, excluding Kingdom of Saxony | 238,040 | 1,703 | 92 | 7·15 | 5·4 |
| Kingdom of Saxony | 17,628 | 506 | 30 | 28·70 | 5·9 |
| Bavaria | 34,634 | 1,183 | 39 | 34·16 | 3·3 |
| Württemberg | 10,122 | 80 | 1 | 7·90 | 1·3 |
In the larger Prussian garrisons, and in Mayence, the following number of men contracted and succumbed to small-pox:
| Average no. men. | Patients. | Deaths. | Patients per 1,000. | Deaths per 100 cases. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berlin | 9,110 | 57 | 4 | 6·3 | 7·0 |
| Danzig | 7,376 | 45 | 5 | 6·1 | 11·1 |
| Königsberg | 6,426 | 101 | 11 | 15·7 | 10·9 |
| Stettin | 7,000 | 74 | 5 | 10·6 | 6·8 |
| Magdeburg | 11,296 | 84 | 8 | 7·4 | 9·5 |
| Posen | 9,482 | 113 | 6 | 11·9 | 5·3 |
| Breslau | 8,029 | 20 | 2·5 | ||
| Wesel | 7,284 | 117 | 7 | 16·0 | 6·0 |
| Cologne | 9,207 | 19 | 1 | 2·1 | 5·3 |
| Coblenz | 8,710 | 83 | 4 | 9·5 | 4·8 |
| Mayence | 9,046 | 122 | 9 | 13·5 | 7·4 |
Wherever, as in Breslau, there were few prisoners, the small-pox percentage in the immobile army is low. Regarding the above figures, it must be remarked that those pertaining to the garrisons were compiled on the basis of the average number of troops, whereas in the case of the French prisoners the maximum number was used as a basis. The relative number of small-pox cases in the latter table, accordingly, is somewhat too low. Among the prisoners and among the immobile troops, the climax of the pestilence was in January, as indicated by the following table:
| French Prisoners. | Immobile German troops. | |
|---|---|---|
| July (1870) | 2 | 16 |
| August | 27 | 9 |
| September | 85 | 47 |
| October | 273 | 49 |
| November | 1,041 | 128 |
| December | 3,107 | 358 |
| January (1871) | 4,139 | 802 |
| February | 3,151 | 719 |
| March | 1,521 | 457 |
| April | 586 | 451 |
| May | 209 | 291 |
| June | 36 | 145 |