[10]. The distinction between ethos and pathos in Aristotle is, broadly, that between internal character and external circumstance.—P. V. C.

[11]. In German the expression Kopf zu waschen, besides the literal sense, also means "to give a person a sound drubbing."—Tr.

[12]. "Germany, Germany, above all": the first line of the German national song.—Tr.

[13]. An allusion to the German Proverb, "Handwerk hat einen goldenen Boden."—Tr.

[14]. Title of the well-known poem of Uhland.—Tr.

[15]. This poem is a parody of the "Chorus Mysticus" which concludes the second part of Goethe's "Faust." Bayard Taylor's translation of the passage in "Faust" runs as follows:—

"All things transitory

But as symbols are sent,

Earth's insufficiency

Here grows to Event: