[114] Sometimes a great marca contains several hamlets (dörfer); as in Gaul the villa sometimes contains several vici. This will not surprise anyone who has examined the nature and extent of rural estates in the 6th century. In a document in the Codex Laureshamensis, vol. iii. p. 237, a marca includes several villæ. This case is rare, and does not change the nature of the mark.
[115] Marii Aventici chronicon, ed. Arndt, p. 15. Lex Alamannorum, xlvii. Lex Baiuwariorum, xiii., 9, Pertz, p. 316. Capitulary of 799, art. 19; of 808; of 811; edit. Borétius, pp. 51, 139, 167.
[116] Maurer seems to me to have made another mistake in identifying mark with gau (p. 59). No document gives the two terms as synonymous: on the contrary, there are hundreds of documents which tell us that such and such a mark is situated in such and such a pagus, which shows clearly enough that marca and pagus are not the same thing.
[117] Diplomata, ed. Pardessus, ii. p. 434.
[118] Ibidem, ii. 440.
[119] Schœpflin, Alsat. diplom., i. p. 13, a charter of the year 730, wherein Theodo sells all that he possesses in the marca Hameristad, “quantum in ipso fine est, ea ratione ut ab hac die habeatis ipsas terras et silvas ... et quidquid exinde facere volueritis liberam habeatis potestatem.”
[120] Codex Laureshamensis, No. 15, v. i. p. 34.
[121] Tradit. Wissemburgenses, No. 127.
[122] See for example a charter of the 8th century, where we read: “Ego Oda dono in Pingumarca quidquid proprietatis habeo, id est, terris, vineis, pratis, silvis, totum et integrum.” (Codex Fuldensis, No. xv. p. 11.)—Neugart, i. p. 301, an exchange of 858: “Dedit 105 juchos de terra arabili et de silva 140 juchos, et accepit a Willelmo in eadem marcha quidquid ex paterno jure habebat, id est 105 juchos de terra arabili cum omnibus appenditiis, silvis, viis, alpibus, aquis.”
[123] Maurer, Einleitung, pages 73, and 80.