[70] Alami, quoted by H. Graetz, History of the Jews, vol. iv. p. 220.
[71] A History of the Inquisition of Spain, by H. C. Lea (Macmillan, Vols. I., II. and III. of which have now appeared, 1906), is a monumental work on its subject.
[72] Apologia pro vita sua, p. 29.
[73] This attachment of Jews to countries with which they have long been identified recurs at the present day. Jewish emigration associations are constantly faced by the reluctance of very many Russian Jews to tear themselves from Russia.
[74] As a matter of fact, Celestine V. hardly deserves this sentence. It was not cowardice but native humility, the consciousness of the temptations of power, physical weakness, and the hermit’s longing for tranquillity that impelled the Pope to resign after five months and eight days’ pontificate. Commentators had hitherto agreed in applying the above passage to Celestine V., but recent opinion rejects the traditional interpretation. However that may be, the point which concerns us is that Dante censures a pope.
[75] See Berliner, Persönliche Beziehungen zwischen Christen und Juden. Reference should also be made to the same author’s Geschichte der Juden in Rom.
[76] Paradiso, xii.
[77] Praef. ad Librum de Serm. Lat., quoted by Tyrwhitt in Dr. W. W. Skeat’s Chaucer, Intr., p. xxiii.
[78] See above, p. 170.
[79] A good account of the Roman Ghetto may be found in E. Rodocanachi’s Le Saint-Siège et les Juifs: Le Ghetto à Rome (Paris, 1891).