Israel in Europe

by G. F. Abbott

[330] The American Hebrew, quoted in The Literary Digest, May 20, 1905.

INDEX

• Abdul Hamid, [491], [492], [501].
• Abdul-Rahman III., [71].
• Abraham, [39], [312], [502], [518].
• Abramovitch, [355].
• Abu-Yussuf Chasdai, [71].
• Acosta, Uriel, [249–50], [298].
• Act of 1858, allowing Jews to omit certain words from oath, [324].
• Addison, [282–4].
• Aelia Capitolina, see [Jerusalem].
• Africa, flight of Jews to, [150].
• Age of Bronze, The (Byron), [316].
• Agricultural settlements, [363], [507];
• college, [509];
• colonies, foundation of, [507], [509].
• Agriculture, attitude of Jews towards, [509], [510], [514].
• Agrippa, King, [23].
• Akers-Douglas, [462–4], [469].
• Albigensian sect, in France, [91–5], [144], [217].
• Albigenses, [83].
• Alexander the Great, [1], [20], [301], [302], [408].
• Alexander Severus, Emperor, [39].
• Alexander II., Czar, [332–3];
• assassination of, [334], [335], [368].
• Alexander II., Pope, [142].
• Alexander III., restrictive policy, [335].
• Alexandria, Jews in, [2], [20], [22], [47], [73], [195];
• anti-Jewish movement in, [23];
• Graeco-Jewish feud, [25–6].
• Alexis Petrovitch, [330].
• Alfonso VI. of Castile, [142–3].
• Alfonso X. (the Wise), [144–5], [150].
• Alfonso XI., [146], [148].
• Algeria, Jewish Question in, [436].
• Alien Peril, Royal Commission appointed to enquire into, [460], [465], [466].
• Alien question, [460], [478].
• Aliens Act, [475–6].
• Aliens Bill, [462–7], [469], [472–5].
• Alliance Israélite Universelle, [482], [483], [507], [510].
• Almohades, the, [74].
• Alroy, David, [90].
• Alypius, of Antioch, [45].
• Alsace, Jews in, [294–5], [296].
• Ambrosius, Bishop of Milan, [52].
• America, [277], [357], [397], [398], [403], [417], [460].
• American Note (Mr. Hay’s), [398–403].
• Amsterdam, [247], [277], [329];
• synagogue inaugurated and press established, [248].
• Andalusia, Semitic renaissance in, [70].
• Anglo-Jewish Association, [483].
• Anglo-Jewish prayer to the King, [324].
• Anne, Queen, statute of, concerning Jews, [282];
• repeal of, [323].
• Anti-Semitic League, The, [421–2].
• Anti-Semitism, origin of, [407], [411], [434];
• literature, [418–9], [433];
• its effect on modern Jews, [479–80].
• Antioch, Jews of, [47], [49–50].
• Antiochus Epiphanes, [3], [32].
• Antoninus Pius, [38].
• Apis, Temple of, [21].
• Aquinas, Thomas, [99], [110], [185].
• Aramaic Papyri (discovered by R. Mond), [2].
• Archangel, British traders at, [329–30].
• Argentine Republic, [361].
• Argyll, Duke of, [438].
• Arian kings, Israel under, [57].
• Armenians, [402].
• Arnold, Matthew, [457].
• Asher, [200–1].
• Ashkenazim, the, [508].
• Asia Minor, Jews in, [90].
• Assideans, the, see [Chassidim].
• Atonement, Day of, [212].
• Augustus, [21], [22].
• Austria, [292], [397], [412], [415];
• anti-Semitic agitations in, [426], [429], [490].
• Austrian Constitution grants full liberty to Jews, [309].
• Avignon, Council of, [93–4], [186], [235].
• Avitus, Bishop of Clermont, [56].
• Baalshem, Israel, [326], [380], [381], [382].
• Babylon, [1], [11], [55], [300];
• Jews in, [35], [39].
• Babylonian captivity, return from, [325].
• Bacon, [272–4].
• Balfour, Arthur, [460], [466], [467].
• Balkan States, number of Jews in, [395].
• Baltic provinces, [334–5];
• Russification of, [336].
• Barcelona, theological contest at, [98], [145], [147].
• Bar-Cochba, [37].
• Barth, Dr., publication in Die Nation by, [358].
• Basel, Zionist congresses at, [501], [506], [511–6].
• Basil, [51–2].
• Bathori, Stephen, [237].
• Bayezid (the Lightning), [180].
• Beaconsfield, Lord, see [Disraeli].
• Beckmann, General, [360].
• Bel, Temple of, [1].
• Belisarius, [49], [54].
• Benjamin, of Tiberias, [50].
• Benjamin, of Tudela, [52], [89–90], [147], [486].
• Bentwich, Herbert, [515].
• Berlin, [292];
• Congress at, [385], [398], [483];
• Treaty of, [390], [391], [399], [401];
• foundation of anti-Jewish society in, [421];
• Jews’ Chace at, [423].
• Bessarabets, the, anti-Semite paper, [358–9].
• Bessarabia, [360], [361];
• massacre of Jews in, [510].
• Beth Din, the, [64], [141].
• Beziers, [68–9];
• massacre at, [92];
• Council of, [100].
• Bismarck, [307], [384], [385], [416], [420], [421], [424].
• Black Art, Jewish professors of, [103], [222].
• Black Death, [147], [158].
• Black Sea opened to international commerce, [383].
• Boccaccio, [187], [189].
• Bodo, Bishop, apostacy of, [80–1].
• Bologna, university of, [410].
• Book of Maxims (Santob de Carrion), [147].
• Bordeaux, internecine feud at, [294].
• Boulanger, General, [432–3].
• Bratiano, [383].
• British East Africa, [511], [513], [515];
• Commission sent to, [515], [516].
• British Jews’ Society, [466].
• Bucharest, [382], [429].
• Buda-Pesth, outrages in, [426].
• Bulgaria, [387], [395].
• Bund, the, secret society, [376].
• Cabbala, the, [194–5], [200], [225].
• Caesar, Julius, [20–1], [302].
• Caligula, [22], [23], [31].
• Cambridge, [131], [133], [324].
• Canada, emigration of Jews to, [403].
• Cancionero, [147].
• Captivity, The (Goldsmith), quoted, [299].
• Cassius, Dion, [35].
• Cassius, Quaestor, [20].
• Castile, Civil war in, [148];
• Holy Office established in, [156], [405].
• Cathari, see [Albigenses].
• Catholicism, the poet of, [184];
• warfare against, [187], [311].
• Chamberlain, Joseph, [399], [511].
• Chanukah, see [Feast of Dedication].
• Charlemagne, [78–9], [302], [409].
• Charles II., [280], [281].
• Charles the Simple, [81–2].
• Charles X. of Sweden, [241].
• Chassidim, the, [3], [4];
• “New Chassidim,” [380], [381], [382], [504].
• “Chovevi (Lovers of) Zion,” [489].
• Christ, [28], [39], [42], [43], [44], [85], [189];
• Messianic character of, [190].
• Christian Church, prohibition of usury, [106–7];
• suppression of, [108];
• laws against Jews, [134], [149];
• Jews compelled to attend, [185].
• “Christian Germanism,” [306].
• Christian money-lenders, [415];
• Socialism, [426], [428];
• Socialists, [422], [424], [427].
• Christiani, Pablo, [98–9], [145].
• Christianity, and the Jews, [41–61];
• tenets of, [42], [43], [98], [99], [103].
• Christians, apostacy punished, [44];
• massacre of, [49], [100], [144], [148];
• at Turkish Court, [174];
• repugnance to Jews, [226], [234];
• of Rome, [310];
• of Roumania, [383].
• Chrysostom, John, [47].
• Cicero, [18], [19].
• Claudius, [23].
• Clermont, great Council of, [86].
• Clermont-Tonnerre, [296].
• Cohen, the Rev. Francis L., [448].
• Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, [317–9], [499].
• Coleridgean theology, [320].
• Colet, John, [274].
• Columbus, Christopher, [163].
• Concerning the Jews and their lies (Luther), [220].
• Confessions (Rousseau), [291].
• Confraternity of the Holy Family, [472].
• Constantine the Great, [41], [43], [44], [57], [81].
• Constitutional Committee of New Haven, [277].
• Cordova, [60];
• Jews found school at, [71].
• Cossacks, [238–9];
• war with Poles, [240–1].
• Council of Lyons, [132].
• Court of Cassation, [435].
• Creagh, Father, Jews anathematized by, [471–2].
• Crémieux Decree, [436].
• Crimean War, [332].
• Cromwell, Oliver, [274], [275], [278], [279], [280], [281], [302].
• Crusaders absolved from financial embarrassments, [108];
• in England, [121];
• in Spain, [144];
• orgies, [217].
• Crusades, the, [83–104].
• Cyprus, insurrection in, [35], [36].
• Cyrene, insurrection in, [35].
• Cyril of Alexandria, [47], [56].
• Cyrus, [301], [494].
• Dacia, conquest by Trajan, [387], [388].
• Dante, friendship with Immanuel, [184], [185], [186–7].
• David, [36], [57].
• David, Ben, [291].
• Declaration of the Rights of Man, The, [296].
• De Judaismo, statute, [323].
• Denmark, persecution of Jews in, [306].
• De Verbo Mirifico (Reuchlin), [233].
• Diderot, [286].
• Dilke, Sir Charles, [399], [462–3], [469].
• Diogo Pires (Solomon Molcho), [170–1].
• Dispersion, The, [34–40], [283].
• Disraeli, Benjamin, [327], [385], [438], [439], [480].
• Divina Commedia (Dante), [179].
• Dohm, Christian William, [292], [293], [295].
• Dominic, Order of, [95–6], [99], [108], [129], [151], [154], [155], [157], [197], [232], [233].
• Domitian, [34].
• Don Henry, exploitation of Jews, [148];
• anti-Jewish legislation, [149].
• Donin, Nicolas, [96], [97].
• Dresden, foundation of anti-Jewish society in, [421].
• Dreyfus, Captain, [433–4], [435–6];
• bill submitted to French Government, [435];
• anti-Dreyfus campaign, [479].
• Duhring, [419].
• Dukhobors, [337].
• Dunmehs, the sect of, [176].
• Dutch West Indies, proposed settlement of Jews in, [484].
• East London Jews’ Fund, [468].
• Edict of Nantes, [336].
• Edinburgh Review (Macaulay), [321].
• Edward I., [131–7];
• expels Jews, [137–40], [255], [258], [280].
• Egeria, valley of, Juvenal’s description of Jews in, [34].
• Egypt, settlement of Jews in, [2];
• gods of, [21];
• Greek kings of, [22], [35].
• Elia, [320].
• Eliot, Sir Charles, [514].
• Emancipation, the eve of, [286–300].
• Emmanuel, King, attempt to convert Jews, [167–8].
• England, Civil Wars, in, [130–1].
• England, Jews in, [115–40];
• first mention of, [115];
• expelled from, [137–40], [277], [454];
• recognised as British subjects, [284];
• right of naturalisation conceded, [284];
• rescinded, [285];
• prejudice against Jews in, [298], [311];
• struggle for enfranchisement, [320–3], [391], [397], [399], [403];
• Eastern Crisis in, [437];
• anti-Semitism in, [437], [447–51];
• alien invasion, [449], [459–60];
• intermarriage of Jews and Christians in, [450];
• ethics of, [452–5], [461], [467], [477];
• anti-alien agitation in, [511].
• England, Elizabethan, unpopularity of Jews in, [259].
• English view of Jews, [312].
• English Zionist Federation, [513].
• Eothen (A. W. Kinglake), [321], [322].
• Episcopalians, persecution of, [277].
• Erasmus, [274].
• Esprit des Lois (Montesquieu), [294].
• Essays (Rhenferd), [318].
• Essenes, the, [14] n., [15], [19].
• Europe, training of Jews in, [413];
• conflict between Asia and, [437];
• (Central), massacre of Jews in, [86–7];
• (Eastern), [448], [484];
• (Mediaeval), condition of Jews in, [62], [440–2];
• myths of, [102];
• lower orders, [109];
• uniformity of ideals, [409], [410];
• (Modern), Jews in, [442];
• (Western), Jews in, [55], [482].
• European trade (Middle Ages), [109];
• indebtedness to Jewish intellects, [328];
• humanism, [479].
• Euripides, [3].
• Evelyn, John, account of Jewish quarter in Rome, [206–7];
• in Venice, [207–8];
• account of Dutch synagogue, [250], [252].
• Exodiad, the (Cumberland & Burgess), [298].
• Exodus, Book of, [395].
• Factories Act, [334].
• Faguin, Juceff, [146–7].
• Fairfax, General, [277].
• Faust (Goethe), [355].
• Feast of Dedication (Chanukah), [4], [448].
• Ferdinand II., Emperor, Jewish policy, [235–6].
• Ferdinand and Isabella, persecution of Jews, [155–62];
• expulsion of Jews by, [163–6], [405].
• Ferrer, Vincent, [151–2].
• Fichte, [293].
• Finland, constitution of, abolished, [336];
• new Governor-General appointed, [366], [370].
• Flaccus, Praetor, [18], [19].
• Forward, New York Jewish daily paper, [370].
• France, persecution of Jews in, [100], [102];
• banished from, [102];
• right of abode in, [294];
• capitation tax removed, [295];
• Jews formally enfranchised, [297];
• legislation in, removing Jewish disabilities, [304], [357], [401];
• power of Jews in, [430];
• Jewish Question in, [430–6];
• prejudice against Jews in, [432];
• anti-Semitism in, [490].
• Francis, Order of, [95], [108].
• Franco-Jewish history, golden age, of, [78–81].
• Franco-German War, [416].
• Frederick, Crown Prince, [423].
• Frederick the Great, [287], [289];
• hostility of, [291];
• death of, [293].
• Frederick II., Emperor, anti-Jewish policy, [101].
• Frederick William II., [293].
• Frederick William III., [306].
• Frederick William IV., [307].
• Free Trade in England, [457].
• French Religion of Reason, Christian revolt against, [305].
• French Socialist Party, [435].
• Froissart, [379].
• Galatz, Jewish colonies in, [382].
• Galicia, [308], [309];
• “New Chassidim” in, [380–1], [415], [429–30], [483].
• Gallus, [44].
• Gaul, settlement of Jews in, [54];
• persecution of, [56].
• “General Privilege,” the, [287].
• Genoa, Jews of, [53];
• Jews banished from, [197].
• Gentiles, attitude of, to Jews, [24], [28], [29], [31], [39], [40];
• hatred of Jews, [154–5], [404].
• George II., [284].
• Gerizim, Mount, [37].
• German chrematistic enterprise, [414].
• German Diet, [305], [425];
• Liberals, [307];
• press appreciation of American Note by Liberal section, [400].
• German Empire, [308].
• Germany, Jew-baiting in, [69], [82];
• boons granted to Jews, [85], [89];
• persecution of Jews in, [101], [103], [217], [227–31], [443];
• Black Death in, [102–3];
• New Gospel in, [293], [305], [306], [327];
• Hebrew professors in, [328], [391], [400];
• Nationalism in, [411–2], [417];
• anti-Jewish movement in, [416–26], [510];
• anti-Semitism in, [414], [425], [478];
• Jewish wedding customs in, [485];
• opposition to Zionism in, [493].
• Germany, National Parliament removes Jewish disabilities, [308];
• National Liberal Party in, [420].
• Ghetto, origin of, [198];
• description of Roman, [209], [235], [310], [311];
• demolition of, [325];
• Russian, [378], [514], [517];
• age of, [484].
• Gladstone, [322–3], [385], [438].
• Godard, [296].
• Goethe, [291], [293].
• Goldfaden, [355].
• Goldsmith, [298–9].
• Golgotha, Mount, [37].
• Gomez, Antonio Enriquez de, [172–3].
• Gordon, Evans, Major, M.P., [460].
• Gortchakoff, Prince, [384].
• Goths, [388].
• Graeco-Jewish feuds, [25].
• Granada, [60], [163].
• Grant, Mr. Robert, [321].
• Greece, Jews in, have same rights as Hellenic citizens, [395];
• attitude of, towards Jews, [437].
• Greek culture, influence on Jews, [1], [2], [3], [195];
• numerals adopted, [5];
• language employed in diplomatic negotiations, [5];
• Jewish pronouncement on Occidental culture, [5].
• Greeks, massacre of, [35].
• Grégoire (Abbé), [296].
• Gregory, Bishop of Tours, [56].
• Gregory the Great (Pope), Jewish policy of, [54], [57].
• Gregory VII. (Hildebrand), [83];
• canonical law against Jews, [84–5], [108], [187], [245].
• Gregory IX., [96], [97], [100].
• Gregory X. (Pope), [132].
• Grocyn, [274].
• Guelph and Ghibelline, strife between, [84].
• Guide to the Perplexed (Maimonides), [76–7].
• Guilds, [133–4].
• Hadrian, [36–7], [38], [39], [44], [57].
• Halevi, Jehuda, [72–4], [110], [486].
• Haluka, a fund for Jews, [508].
• Hamlet (Shakespeare), [355].
• Hapsburgs, rule of, [308], [397].
• Hasmonaean family, institute the Sanhedrin and restore worship of Jehovah, [4], [5–7], [19–20].
• Hay, Mr., American Secretary of State. See [American Note].
• Hebraism and Hellenism, [1–17].
• Hebrew, as spoken tongue, [5], [276–7];
• literature, [64], [304], [355];
• history, renaissance of, [325];
• new culture, [291].
• Hebrew Palingenesia, [328].
• Hebron, wine-growing in, [509].
• Hegel, [412].
• Heine, Heinrich, [327], [328].
• Hellene and Barbarian, hereditary feud between, [8].
• Heligobalus, Emperor, [39].
• Hellas, [9], [30], [44].
• Hellene code, [9].
• Hellenic literature, [70–1].
• Hellenism, causes of failure in Western Asia, [8–9], [326].
• Hellenistic culture, centres of, [2], [3].
• Henry II., anti-Jewish feeling checked by, [118–9].
• Henry III., Jewish quarters pillaged under, [124], [125–7], [131], [132].
• Henry IV., Emperor, [84], [85], [88].
• Henry VIII., [272], [274].
• Heraclius, Emperor, negotiations with Jews, [51].
• Herod the Great, [7–8].
• Herodians, sect of, [7–8].
• Herodotus, [8], [30].
• Herz, [291], [292].
• Herz, Henrietta, [292].
• Herzl, Dr. Theodor, [489], [512];
• origin of, [490], [491], [492], [495], [518];
• Zionism of, [500–1], [511], [516];
• Forest, [517].
• Hesiod, [328].
• Hirsch, Baron, [361];
• fund of, [483];
• emigration scheme of, [506].
• Histoire Contemporaine (Anatole France), [479].
• Holland, Jews in, [245–54], [297].
• Holmes, Oliver Wendell, [312].
• Holy Land, the. See [Palestine].
• Holy Office, the, [156], [158], [160], [169], [171], [309], [311];
• defence of, [481].
• See also [Inquisition].
• Honorius, Emperor, [53].
• Honorius IV. (Pope), [136–7].
• Horace, [24], [31].
• Hosius, Bishop of Cordova, [57].
• House of Commons, [321], [455], [456];
• Jewish members in, [324].
• Humanitarianism, [232], [325], [410], [483].
• Hungarian Upper House, [427].
• Hungarians, ill-treatment of, under Nicholas I., [332].
• Hungary, anti-Semitic league in, [425–6];
• persecution of Jews in, [443].
• Hussite reform movement, [92].
• Ignatieff, Count, [335], [341].
• Immigration Reform Association, [462], [474].
• Innocent III., (Pope), genius and despotism of, [90–5], [126], [185].
• Inquisition, the, [95];
• in France, [100];
• in Spain, [157–8], [170], [196], [234], [311], [405];
• in Italy, [202], [234];
• in Holland, [246–7], [305], [310], [481].
• See also [Holy Office].
• Inquisitors, Court of, [97], [160–1], [168].
• Ireland, position of Jews in, [469–72].
• Irish Coercion Bill, [322].
• Irish Naturalisation Act, [323].
• Isaiah (Prophet), [3], [319].
• Islam, Christians embrace creed of, xviii;
• victory of, [70];
• laws of, [76];
• in relation to Christianity, [437].
• Isocrates, [408].
• Ispahan, war for independence, [61].
• Israelitische Allianz, [483].
• Italy, Jews in, [54], [182–3];
• Christianity in, [187–90], [196], [309], [324], [401], [437].
• Ivan IV. (the Terrible), [329], [341].
• Ivanhoe (Walter Scott), [312–6].
• Jacob of London, [122].
• Jacob, typical of Jewish race, [22].
• James I., [274];
• translation of Bible, [441].
• Jassy, Jewish colonies in, [382].
• Jayme I., King of Aragon, [98], [144].
• Jehovah, Temple of, [21], [28–9];
• spiritual worship of, [31], [275], [377].
• Jerusalem, [2];
• victorious entry into, [4];
• Greek architecture introduced into, [5];
• sack of, [18];
• fall of, [26];
• colonised by pagan soldiers, [38], [39];
• becomes stronghold of the Cross, [48], [73];
• destruction of, [484–6], [487];
• extra-territorialisation of, [493];
• Professional School of, [507].
• Jesus, Society of, [234].
• Jesus was born a Jew (Luther), [219].
• Jew-baiting, [69], [358], [362], [396], [423];
• hatred, [405], [416], [480];
• and Gentile, discord between, [42], [149], [194], [352], [482];
• Occidental, [496], [500].
• Jew of Malta (Marlowe), [259–68], [274], [313], [314], [315].
• Jew of Venice (Percy), [268].
• Jewish Calendar, the, xviii;
• red-letter days, [38], [280], [324];
• black-letter days, [150], [418].
• Jewish Colonial Trust, the, [493], [506].
• “Jewish Colonization Association,” [398], [512].
• Jewish State, the, destruction of, [26–7], [37];
• rehabilitation of Jews in, [277], [508].
• See also [Zionism].
• Jewish character, [71–2], [210];
• intolerance of, [28–31], [35], [110–1], [249–55], [275];
• anti-socialism, [33], [64–6], [99–100], [111], [124], [377], [419], [436], [499];
• loyalty, [99];
• marriage customs, [31–2], [450];
• intermarriage barred, [500], [502], [518];
• children contrasted with Gentile, [66];
• manner of worship, [66–7];
• literature, [71–2], [116], [162], [244], see also [Hebrew lit.];
• singularity, [116];
• patriotism to adopted countries, [279], [376], [413], [446–7], [491];
• race, varied types of, [325–7];
• survival of the fittest, [327–8];
• religious law, see [Torah].
• Jewish State: an attempt at a Modern Solution of the Jewish Question, The, [490].
• Jewish Territorial Organisation, [517].
• Jewish question, the, viewed as a whole, [518].
• Jew’s Daughter, the, [199], [258].
• Jews’ mental ability, [5], [324], [327–8], [412–3], [440], [441], [463];
• as financiers, [367];
• commercial, [441];
• medical, [67], [69], [76], [174], [191].
• Jews, causes of unpopularity, [28], [31–3], [155];
• charges against: child murder myth, [47], [101–2], [117–8], [156], [198–9], [255–6], [383];
• “child tribute,” [331];
• ritual murder, [339], [424], [426];
• debasing coinage, [125], [136–7], [185–6], [345], [363], [365];
• evading military service, [375], [390], [440], [446];
• lengthy pedigrees of, [57];
• regarded as royal serfs, [89], [103], [123], [124], [305];
• missions to, [99];
• immunity from disease, [103];
• forbidden to own or rent land, [109], [308], [383];
• resemblance of, to Puritans, [276];
• forced to wear badge, [134], [144], [145], [148], [151];
• bill for admission to Parliament, [324];
• effect of tolerance towards, [324–5];
• as agriculturists, [338], [343], [364];
• Talmudist, [347];
• fecundity of, [395].
• Jews’ Free School, [451–2].
• Jews as usurers. See [Usurers].
• Joachim, [328].
• Jocelin, of Brakelond, story of his monastery, [128–9].
• Jochanan, son of Zakkai, [25].
• John, King, [122–3], [124], [126],132.
• Johnston, Sir Harry, [514].
• Joseph II., [292–3], [308].
• Josephus, [24].
• Judaea, [20];
• gods of, [21].
• Julian, attitude towards Christianity, [44];
• towards Jews, [45–6].
• Julius Severus, [37].
• Justinian, [49].
• Juvenal, [24], [31], [34].
• Kant, [291], [319].
• Karaites, [504].
• Katkoff, [335].
• Kelvin, Lord, [399].
• Kieff, [376].
• Kimchi, David, [441].
• Kishineff, massacre at, [356–62].
• Kitchener, Lord, [503].
• Klingenberg, Governor, [374].
• Koran, the, [106].
• Korobchevsky, [369].
• Kronstadt, Father John of, [361].
• Kropotkin, Prince Peter, [463].
• Kuropatkin’s army, [376].
• Langton, Cardinal, passes decree banning Jews, [126–7].
• Lansdowne, Lord, [403], [511].
• Lasalle, [328].
• Lasker, [328], [417–18], [420].
• Lateran Council, the Third, [93];
• Fourth, [144];
• General Council, [108].
• Latin language, abhorred by Jews, [64], [147];
• as universal medium of communication, [409].
• Lavater, [290].
• Lazarus, [328].
• Lecky, [348], [399].
• Leo, the Isaurian, [51], [60].
• Leo, the Philosopher, [52].
• Lepanto victory, the, [201–2].
• Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, [286], [289], [290], [293], [298], [313].
• Light, The (Maimonides), [75].
• Limerick, [469], [472];
• affair, [472], [477].
• Lithuania, Jews of, [101], [329], [376].
• Lithuanian Uniates, [337].
• Locke, [281].
• London Jews, spoliation of, [131];
• massacre of, [135–6];
• Jewish cemetery in, [280];
• Diocese of, [468].
• London, East, Jews in, [463], [468].
• Louis, “the Pious,” Jews’ privileges under, [79], [80].
• Louis IX. (St. Louis), [97], [100].
• Louis XV., [294].
• Louis XVI., [295].
• Loyola, Ignatius, [171], [196], [234].
• Lueger, Dr., [428], [429].
• Lust, Goddess of, [38].
• Luther, Martin, [215–27], [234], [318], [319].
• Lutheran rebellion, [233].
• Lutherans, [229], [339], [422].
• Lybia, devastation of, [35].
• Lydda, council at, [38].
• Macaulay, [447].
• Maccabees, house of, [4], [32];
• restoration of the Law by, [325].
• Macedonia, Empire of, [1], [408].
• Maçon, Council of, [56].
• Maimon, [291].
• Maimonides, Moses, [74–8], [110], [291].
• Manasseh, Ben Israel, [279–80].
• Manichaeans, [54], [411].
• Marcus Crassus, [20].
• Mariage de Figaro (Beaumarchais), [295].
• Mariana (historian), [158].
• Marr, Wilhelm, [418], [422], [425].
• Marranos, [149], [154], [156], [159], [168], [169], [170], [172], [196], [201], [204], [234], [247], [249], [278], [311].
• Martyn, Justin (Dial), [10–11], [42], [224].
• Marx, Karl, [328].
• Medigo, Elias del, [194].
• Mediterranean, Jews’ commercial activity in, xvi.
• Mehmed Effendi. See [Zebi, Sabbataï].
• Mendelssohn, Moses, [286], [289–91], [292], [325], [326], [355], [440], [480], [482].
• Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix, [328].
• Mendicant Orders, religious bigotry of, [110].
• Mendoza, Cardinal, [156], [157].
• Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare), [259], [268–72], [316].
• Merovingian kings, [56], [79], [81].
• Mesopotamia, [35], [494].
• Messiah, the, [43].
• Messianic expectation, xix, [39], [43], [85], [90], [200], [212], [251], [278], [281], [282], [298], [494];
• frenzy, [150];
• era, [279];
• dream, [60–1], [326], [486].
• Mikweh, Model Farm of, [507].
• Millennarians, [278], [279].
• Miller, John, [229].
• Milton, [279], [281].
• Mirabeau, [292], [296], [302].
• Mirandola, Count Giovanni Pico de, [233].
• Modern Exodus, A (Violet Guttenberg), [467].
• Mohammedan theocracy, [383].
• Mohammedanism, Jews adopt, [75], [176].
• Mohammedans, [59–61], [85], [168];
• their view of Jews, [173].
• Mohileff, outrage at, [372];
• Jewish exodus from, [376–7].
• Moldavia, Jews in, [326], [380–1], [382];
• anti-Judaism in, [383];
• inhabitants of, [388].
• Mommsen, [423].
• Money-lenders, see [Usurers].
• Montague, Lady Mary Wortley, [176–7].
• Montefiore, Sir Francis, [507], [513].
• Montesquieu, [302].
• Montfort, Simon de, [136].
• Montpellier, Jewish academy at, [69].
• Moorish culture, effect on Jews, [70].
• More, Sir Thomas, [274].
• Morescoes, [168], [172], [234].
• Morgan, D. J., M.P., [460].
• Mosaic Decalogue, [9].
• Mosaic Law, [9], [39], [42], [277];
• ordinances, [502].
• Moscow, [337];
• no Jewish workman allowed to reside in, [346];
• Jews expelled from, [349–50].
• Moses, [2], [27], [28], [31], [60], [211], [277], [279], [327];
• Law of, in abeyance, [505].
• Moses of Crete, [48–9].
• Mourousi, Prince, [383].
• Muravieff, [334].
• Nachmanides, [98], [145], [486–7].
• Naples, [52], [54].
• Napoleon, [301], [302–4], [305], [309], [311], [410], [412], [416], [446].
• Napoleon III., [416].
• Napoleonic wars, [457–8], [481].
• Narbonne, Council at, [96].
• National anti-Semitic Federation, [435].
• National Church, a, scheme for, [277–8].
• Nationalism (Russian), [334–8], [348], [365], [383], [436];
• cult of, [407–8], [410], [445–6], [453];
• (Austrian), [426–8];
• book on, [434];
• (English), [477];
• effects of, [411], [416], [488].
• Nationalist newspapers, [338].
• Nationalists, attitude in Dreyfus case, [435].
• Neo-Platonists, [381].
• Nero, [24–5].
• Nerva, [34–5].
• New York, immigration of Jews to, [377].
• Nicholas, Edward, [277].
• Nicholas I., [332], [335].
• Nicholas II., [335], [350], [358].
• Nihilism, [334].
• Nihilists, [333], [338].
• Nine Responses, The, [303].
• Nordau, Dr. Max, [512].
• Nouvelle Géographie Universelle (Elisée Reclus), [415].
• Novoe Vremya, [359].
• Numenius, [18].
• Obaiah Abu Isa ben Ishak, [61].
• Obscurantism, Catholic, [235], [310], [481].
• Odessa, [351], [376];
• Zionism in, [506].
• Odysseus, typical of Hellenic race, [22].
• Œcumenical Council held at Rome, [94–5].
• Of Riches (Bacon), [273].
• Of Seditions and Troubles (Bacon), [272].
• Of Usurie (Bacon), [273].
• Old Believers, [337].
• Omar II., [60].
• On Mendelssohn and the Political Reform of the Jews (Mirabeau), [296].
• Orestes (Prefect), [47].
• Organon, the, [70].
• Origen, [42].
• Orleans, Councils of, [55].
• Ostragoff, Vice-Governor of Bessarabia, [358].
• Ostrowez, anti-Semitic disturbances at, [371].
• Otto the Great, [82].
• Otto II., [82].
• Ottoman rule, condition of Jew and Christian under, [383].
• Ovid, [386–7].
• Owen, Dr. John, [277].
• Padua, University of, [194].
• Pagan toleration, [29–30].
• “Pale of Jewish Settlement,” the (Russia), [346], [351], [362], [381], [463], [513].
• Palencia, Council of, [149].
• Palingenesia, [301–28].
• Palestine, [1–3], [9], [14];
• natural characteristics of, [16], [18];
• insurrections in, [20], [35];
• Jews permitted to re-enter, [38];
• Christianity in, [48];
• Persian advance upon, [50], [57];
• re-conquered by Saladin, [76], [484], [488], [489], [490], [492], [497], [503];
• Jewish population of, [507], [508];
• agricultural college at, [509];
• Jewish immigration, [510];
• poverty of, [511], [512], [513], [517].
• Palmerston, Lord, [457], [488].
• Panorthodox programme, [336].
• Panslavism, [334].
• Panslavist programme, [336].
• Paper currency, invention of, [441].
• Papists, persecution of (England), [277].
• Paris, Council of, [56];
• university of, [410].
• Parliament de la Chandeleur, [139].
• Partscheff, disturbances at, [371].
• Passover rites, [117], [168], [487].
• Patriotic League (France), [435].
• Paul IV. (Pope), [202–3], [204], [235].
• Peace, Roman Temple of, [27].
• Peñaforte, Raymund de, [96].
• Pentateuch, the, [290].
• Pepys, [280–1], [281–2].
• Pera, Jewish quarter at, [52].
• Persius, [24], [31].
• Pester Lloyd (extract), [366].
• Peter the Venerable, Abbot of Clugny, [88].
• Petrarch, [187], [189].
• Pfefferkorn, John, [232].
• Phaedo, or the Immortality of the Soul (Mendelssohn), [290].
• Pharisees, their teaching opposed to Sadducees, [6–7], [42], [48], [500];
• and Sadducees of twentieth century, [495];
• feud between, [504–5].
• Philip the Fair, predatory spirit towards Jews, [113–4], [405].
• Philo, [2];
• as envoy to Rome, [23].
• Phocas, [49].
• Picquart, Colonel, [433], [435].
• “Pious,” the, [3], [4];
• programme of, [6], [291], [381].
• See also [Chassidim].
• Pius IX., [310].
• Plato, Dialogues, [9];
• idea of usury, [106], [290].
• Plehve, M. de, [356], [358–9], [367], [368–70].
• Pobiedonostseff, M., [335], [368].
• Pogrom, [366].
• Poland, Jews in, [101], [103–4], [236–7], [240–2], [243], [308], [338], [353–4], [366–7];
• spread of the Bund to, [376], [377];
• Rabbis of, [380];
• emigration of Jews from, [450];
• partition of, [331];
• assimilation experiment, [370].
• Poles, condition of, under Nicholas I., [332];
• hatred of Jews, [353].
• Polish rebellions, [333], [334];
• Uniates, [337];
• culture, [355];
• Jews, [382], [475], [498].
• Pompey, [18], [19–20].
• Popes, advance of authority of, [83–4], [178–9], [192–5], [408];
• radical change of attitude towards Jews, [202–3].
• Portugal, massacre of Jewish converts, [169], [172];
• Inquisition erected in, [171], [311].
• Prague, expulsion of Jews from, [235].
• Praise of Folly (Erasmus), [215].
• Prioresses Tale, The (Chaucer), [255–8].
• Proseucha, [34].
• Protection, demand for, [459–60].
• Protestantism, opposed to Catholicism, [6–7], [233–4];
• hostile to Jews, [218], [232];
• in England, [274], [282].
• Prussia, question of emancipation of Jews introduced, [307];
• war against Austria, [334].
• Prussian Constitution, [308];
• Diet, [423].
• Ptolemies, The, [1];
• prosperity of Jews under rule of, [2].
• Puckler, Count, anti-Semitic speeches by, [425].
• Purim, Feast of, [47], [147].
• Puritans, [275];
• resemblance to Jews, [276];
• English, [278].
• Quemadero, The, [160], [247].
• Raaben, General von, [358].
• Rabbis, schools established for, [304].
• Rationalism, [481].
• Raymund VI., Count of Toulouse, [91–3], [94], [95].
• Raymund, Viscount of Beziers, assassination of, [92–3].
• Reccared, King, [57–8].
• Reclus, the brothers, [463].
• Redemptorist monks, fanaticism of, [472].
• Reformation, object of, [214], [246].
• Reichstag, anti-Semitic feeling in, [425].
• Religious Code (Maimonides), [75–6].
• Reliques of Ancient Poetry (Bishop Percy), [258], [268].
• Renaissance, object of, [214], [286].
• Renan, Ernest, [430–31], [432].
• Rennes, [434], [435].
• Resettlement in England, [275–85].
• Resurrection, Church of, [41].
• Retour Le, de Jérusalem, [435].
• Reubeni, David, [169–71].
• Reuchlin, John, [225], [232].
• Rhine, Jews of, [404].
• Rhode, Island of, [277].
• Richard Coeur de Lion, [220];
• anti-Jewish demonstrations in reign of, [120–1];
• confers privileges on Jews, [122].
• Ripon, Marquess of, [399].
• Rishon le Sion, wine-growing at, [509].
• Roberts, Lord, [447].
• Roman writers, unanimous condemnation of Jews, [31].
• Roman Catholic reaction against the Reformation, [202];
• Catholic apologists, [282];
• Catholic clerics, [422];
• Church, [408];
• anti-Semitism fostered by, [427].
• Roman rule, Jews under, [18–27], [40];
• driven from Rome, [34];
• evidence not accepted against Christians, [49];
• as traders in Rome, [52], [54], [182], [185–6], [190–1];
• edict of prohibitions, [208], [310], [311].
• Romans, massacre of, by Jews, [35–6].
• Romanticism, relation of, to Romanism, [480].
• Roosevelt, President, [400].
• Rothschild, Baron Lionel de, [321], [322], [323–4];
• Edmund de, [509];
• Lord, [466].
• Rothschild Bank (Paris), [433].
• Roumania, Jews in, [379–403];
• oppression of, [482];
• prejudice against Hebrew race in, [379], [429], [436];
• persecution of, [393–6], [443];
• cause of oppression, [395];
• emigration from, [397], [398];
• England’s attitude towards, [398–9];
• political condition of Jews in, [392];
• their cause advocated, [483];
• Jewish disabilities question in, [391];
• Roman colonists in, [386];
• as a highway, [388];
• Queen of, [393], [402–3];
• economic misery of, [402].
• Roumanian independence, recognition of, [385];
• citizenship, [385–6];
• language, [389];
• legislation, object of, [393], [474];
• Labour Law, [398];
• Constitution, revision of, [400];
• Jews efficient farmers, [510].
• Roumanians, origin of, [386], [388].
• Rousseau, Jean Jacques, [286].
• Rubenstein, [327], [328].
• Russell, Lord John, [321].
• Russia, Jews in, [329–78];
• subjected to conscription, [332];
• emancipation of serfs, [333];
• Ukase (1804) relieves oppression, [331] (1864), [344];
• outbreaks against, [338], [348];
• expulsion from, [350];
• persecution of, [362], [443], [482], [489];
• sign petition to Ministers, [351];
• as recruits, [352], [376].
• Russia, opposition of, to Occidental reform, [330];
• conflict with Turkey, [335];
• Jewish question in, [349–50];
• Batoum fortified by, [402].
• Russian Empire, history of, [331];
• emancipation of serfs, [333];
• religious fanaticism rare, [339];
• tyranny, [336–7];
• peasant, [340–1], [344–5], [364];
• causes of ill-feeling towards Jews, [338–9];
• administrative policy, [346–7], [362], [366], [377];
• Christians, ignorance of, [347];
• Jews, gifted writers, [355].
• Russo-Jewish Committee, [443].
• Sadducees, [6];
• religious tenets, [7], [8], [495], [508].
• Salerno, School of, [69].
• Salimbene, [178].
• Salisbury, Lord, [488].
• Salomons, Alderman, [324].
• Samaritans, [37], [49].
• Sanhedrin, The, institution of, [4];
• convoked, [302], [303].
• Sappho, [3].
• Sazonoff, [370].
• Schiller, [291].
• Schneider, Herr, [429].
• Scott, Sir Walter, [313], [314], [315].
• Seleucids, Graeco-Syrian, policy of, [3], [5], [6], [22].
• Semites, hatred of Spaniards for, [405].
• Serene, [60–1].
• Servia, condition of Jews in, [383], [384], [483].
• Servian Law, rights of Jews under, [384].
• Severus, Bishops of Magona, [57].
• Shakespeare, [273], [300].
• Shekel Account, the, [506].
• Shulchan Aruch (Joseph Caro), [211].
• Shylock, [274], [313], [314], [315].
• Siberia, [463].
• Sigismund Augustus, King of Poland, [329].
• Sigismund, King, converted to Catholicism, [55].
• Simeon the Stylites, [48].
• Simon, acclaimed High Priest, [4].
• Sinai, Mount, [275].
• Singer, Simeon, [448].
• Sipyaghin, [368].
• Sisebut, King, treatment of Jews, [58].
• Sisenand, Jews under rule of, [58–9].
• Sixtus V., enlightened policy of, [205–6].
• Skene, of Rubislaw, [312].
• Skuptchina, election of Jew to, [384].
• Smela, anti-Semitic riots at, [371].
• Socialism in Russia, [358].
• Social Democrats, denounce anti-Semitic agitation, [422];
• as champions of Jews, [429].
• Socrates, [290].
• Solomon, of Egypt, [52], [71].
• Songs of Zion (Jehuda Halevi), [72].
• Sosnowice, anti-Jewish disturbance at, [372].
• South Africa, dread of alien competitor in, [452], [478].
• Spain, Jews in, [56–7], [59], [60], [69], [70], [74], [75], [84], [103], [140], [166];
• higher type of, [142];
• causes of anti-Judaism, [143];
• slaughter of, [145–6], [149], [157], [158–9];
• restrictive measures against, [150–1], [153];
• regarded as outlaws, [153];
• Jews love for, [162], [200], [317], [324], [326], [343], [441].
• Spanish Jews, [173], [382];
• persecution of, [404].
• Spectator, the, [282].
• Spektor, [355].
• Spinoza, Baruch, [251–4], [298], [326], [440], [441].
• St. Agobard, Bishop of Lyons, [79–80], [81].
• St. Louis, see [Louis IX.]
• Steinthal, [328], [440].
• Stöcker, Adolph, [418], [419], [422];
• expelled from Court, [425].
• Strabo, favourable mention of Jews, [31].
• Suetonius, [21] n.
• Swedenborg, [320].
• Switzerland, Jewish persecution in, [101], [304];
• political equality of Jews in, [305–6].
• Synagogue, [280], [298], [355];
• intermarriage tolerated but not sanctioned by, [303];
• in Seville, [311];
• of Middle Ages, [396];
• devotion to, [480];
• struggle between State and, [505].
• Syria, [60].
• Tabernacles, Feast of, [212].
• Table-Talk (Martin Luther), [216–7], [220].
• Tacitus, [31], [32], [35].
• Talleyrand, [297].
• Talmud, The, [5], [53], [55], [63], [64], [72], [75];
• general confiscation of, [97];
• burning of, [97–8], [116], [137], [142], [145], [153], [190], [202], [205], [206], [242], [354], [497], [508].
• Talmudical School of Walosin (“Tree of Life College”), [352].
• Talmudism, [380], [425].
• Tarik, [60].
• Tartars, appeal to Sultan of Turkey, [336].
• Taurien, Jewish workman forbidden to reside in, [346].
• Taylor, Jeremy, [281].
• Temple (at Jerusalem), restoration of, [4], [19], [21], [22];
• destruction of, [26–7], [29], [297];
• Strabo’s reverence for, [31];
• Greek fables, [32–33], [35], [37];
• rebuilding begun under Julian, [46], [49], [190], [211], [378], [487].
• Test Acts, Repeal of, [322].
• Testament, New, [275], [277].
• Testament, The Old, Septuagint translation of, [2], [96], [106], [116], [275], [277].
• Theodoric, conquest of Italy by, [53];
• enlightened administration, [53–4].
• Theodosius I., [52].
• Theodosius the Great, [46], [48].
• Theodosius the Younger, [47], [48].
• Thirty Years’ War, [234], [235], [248], [412].
• Thucydides, [14].
• Tiberias, [38], [48], [484], [507].
• Tiberius, persecution of Jews by, [21–22].
• Titus, triumphal arch of, [27], [34], [35], [49], [57].
• Toledo, Council of, [57], [60].
• Torah, the, [2], [3], [64].
• Torquemada, Thomas de, [155–6], [159], [161–3], [165].
• Tortosa, religious controversy at, [152–3].
• Toulouse, [68];
• Count of, [68], [69].
• Tractatus, the (Spinoza), [254].
• Trajan, Emperor, [35].
• Traube, [328].
• Trent, [198];
• rocks of, [199].
• Trevelyan, Charles, [464].
• Tsukermann’s Synagogue, [372].
• Tudela, “Jewish barrier” of, [143], [198].
• Turkey, Jews in, [173–4], [176], [196–7], [384], [491–2];
• Christians in, [384];
• and the Treaty of Berlin, [402];
• policy of a regenerated, [438].
• Ukraine, [238–9], [240], [241].
• United Russian Revolutionists, [370].
• Universities Tests Act, [324].
• Urbino, Duke of, [204].
• Usury and the Jews, [105–14], [116], [119], [130], [134–5];
• typical case of, [128–9];
• Bill for abatement of, [273].
• Valens, Arian, Emperor, [46].
• Vannes, Council of, [55].
• Venetian Republic, Jews’ position in, [198–200], [201–2].
• Venice, [329].
• Victorian era, ideals of, [456].
• Vienna, Jews banished from, [242–3];
• in, [292], [309], [400];
• Act signed in, [305];
• anti-Semitic majority in Municipal Council, [428].
• Vilna, [351], [376].
• Virchow, [423].
• Voltaire, [286], [287], [291], [293].
• Voltaire-Hirsch lawsuit, [288–9].
• Wagstaff, Vice-Consul, [342].
• Wallachia, Jews of, [382].
• War of Liberation, [305], [307].
• Warsaw, Jews of, [354], [376].
• Welldon, Bishop, [468].
• Wellington, Duke of, [438].
• Westphalia, Treaty of, [233–234].
• Whalley, Major, [278].
• Whitehall, conference at, [278].
• Who is to blame? (Pronin), [359].
• Wickliffe, [245].
• William Rufus, toleration for Judaism, [116–7].
• William I. (Emperor), [335].
• William and Mary, [282].
• Williams, Roger, [278].
• Wilna, Elijah, [352].
• Witte, M. de, [370].
• Zangwill, Israel, [41], [42], [465], [466], [506], [511], [515], [516], [517].
• Zebi, Sabbataï, [174–6], [242], [281], [326], [484].
• Zion, desolation of, [26];
• yearning towards, [94], [164], [488];
• mourning over, [485], [487];
• effect of destruction of, [485].
• Zionism, [482–518];
• opposition towards, [493], [495];
• and Abdul Hamid, [501];
• diversity among the delegates, [503];
• progress of, [506].
• Zionist Association, [490];
• annual congresses, [491];
• Zionist Colonial Bank (London), [506].
• Zionist League in London, [515].
• Zionist programme, [490], [491], [492];
• newspaper (Die Welt), [490].
• Znamya, an anti-Semitic organ, [358].
• Zola, [433], [434], [435].

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CALENDAR OF THE PLEA ROLLS OF THE EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, PRESERVED IN THE PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE. Vol. I., Henry III., A.D. 1218–1272. Edited by J. M. Rigg, of Lincoln’s Inn, Barrister-at-Law. Super Royal 8vo, 16s.

JEWS IN MANY LANDS. By Elkan Nathan Adler. Illustrated. Extra Crown 8vo, 5s. net.

Guardian.—“Full of curious and interesting information.... The illustrations are good and well chosen.”

SONGS OF EXILE BY HEBREW POETS. Translated by Nina Davis (Mrs. R. N. Salaman). Second Impression. Royal 16mo, 2s. 6d. net.

A BOOK OF ESSAYS. By S. A. Hirsch, Ph.D., Joint-Editor of the Greek Grammar of Roger Bacon and a Fragment of his Hebrew Grammar. Extra Crown 8vo, 7s. 6d. net.