[113]

Russia and the Ural Mountains, i. 186, sqq.

[114]

See the Papers read before the Geological Society of London, on March 9, 1842, by Sir John Herschel and Sir E. Murchison, the substance of which has been given above.

[115]

Voyages (French translation); Paris, 1788; i. 364.

[116]

In the gypsum to the NE. of Kungur, on the banks of the Iren, there is a cave containing ice. Four of its chambers have ice, in one of which a stalagmite of ice rises almost to the roof. The farthest chamber, 625 fathoms from the entrance, contains a lake of water which stretches away out of sight under the low roof. (Taschenbuch für die gesammte Mineralogie; Leonhard, 1826; B. 2, S. 425. Published as Zeitschrift für Mineralogie.)

[117]

Pallas, Voyages, i. 84.