Man and the Glacial Period

by G. Frederick Wright

[FN] Le Conte, op. cit., p. 607.

---

[INDEX.]

Aar Glacier [11], [43], [132].
Abbeville, France, [251], [263].
Abbott, C. C, cited, [242], [245].
Adams, Charles Francis, cited, [297].
Adhémar, cited, [307], [310].
Africa, ancient glaciers of, [191].
Agassiz, Louis, cited, [9], [11], [43], [128], [241].
Ailsa Crag, [167], [168].
Akron. Ohio, [220], [221].
Alaska, [1], [22], [23] et seq., [47], [212], [283];
climate of, [291], [302].
Aletsch Glacier, [9], [211], [241].
Alleghany Valley, [206], [214];
terraces in, [229].
Alpine glaciers, existing, [9-11], [43] et seq.;
size and number of, [9];
depth of, [11];
velocity of, [43] et seq.;
ancient, [58-60], [131-136];
advance and retreat of, [116].
Alps, [1], [9-11], [43] et seq., [58] et seq., [91], [131] et seq., [211];
age of, [328].
Altaville, Cal, [296].
Amazon Valley, temperature of, [316].
Amherst, Ohio, glacial marks near, [52].
Amiens, France, implements from, [252], [263] et seq.;
terraces at, [360].
Andes, [17], [330];
age of, [328].
Andover, Mass., [77] et seq., [345].
Andrews, cited, [345], [347], [354], [356].
Animals, extinct, associated with man in eastern America, [262];
in France, [263];
in England, [264] et seq.;
in Wales, [272];
in Belgium, [277] et seq.;
summary concerning, [281-293].
Animals, relics of, in loess, [188].
Antarctic Continent, existing glaciers of, [1], [18] et seq.
Arcy, Belgium, grotto at, [279].
Arenig Mawr, Wales, [150], [151], [172].
Argillite implement, face and side view of, [247], [259].
Arnhem, Holland, moraine at, [181].
Asia, existing glaciers in, [14] et seq.;
ancient glaciers of, [190].
Assiniboine River, [228].
Astronomical theories of the Glacial period, [303] et seq.
Atlantic Ocean, [314].
Aurillac, supposed flint-chips near, [367], [370].
Australia, ancient glaciers of, [126], [192].
Austria, existing glaciers of, [9].
Auvergne, [136].
Babbitt, Miss F. E., cited, [253], [254], [255].
Bakewell on age of Niagara gorge, [337].
Baldwin, C. C, [251].
Baldwin, P., [25].
Ball, cited, [310], [317].
Baltic Sea, [129].
Barnsley, England, [155].
Bates, cited, [204].
Bear, [270], [287], [290].
Bear, grizzly, [270], [288].
Beaver, [289].
Beaver Creek, Pa., [205], [230], [232].
Becker, cited, [296], [300], [349].
Bedford, England, [265].
Beech Flats, Ohio, terrace at, [217].
Belgium, human relics in glacial terraces in, [264];
caverns of, [274].
Bell, cited, [109], [117];
on unity of the Glacial period, [110].
Bellevue, Pa., glacial terrace on the Ohio at, [217].
Bellucci, cited, [372].
Ben Nevis, [240].
Bernese Oberland, [9], [59], [131], [132].
Big Stone Lake, [208], [226].
Birmingham. England, [150].
Bishop, cited, [306].
Bison, [262], [270], [271], [278], [289].
Black Forest, the, [136].
Black River, Ohio, [343].
Black Sea, [238].
Blanc, Mont, [1], [9-11], [132], [211].
Blandford, cited, [312].
Boone County, Ky., glacial deposits in, [212].
Boston, scratched stone from till of, [54];
drumlins in the vicinity of, [75].
Boston Society of Natural History, [296].
Boulder-clay. ([See Till.])
Boulders, disintegrated, [57], [71].
Boulders, distribution of, in New-England, [57], [60], [61], [69] et seq.;
in Switzerland, [58] et seq., [133].
Boulders, transportation of, in Pennsylvania, [57], [61], [85];
in New Hampshire, [60], [71];
in Kentucky, [63], [97];
in Ohio, [64], [72];
in Rhode Island, [67];
in Massachusetts, [69] et seq.;
in Connecticut, [71], [72];
in New Jersey, [83];
in Illinois, [97].
Bourgeois, Abbé, cited, [367].
Bridgenorth, England, [150].
Bridlington, England, [156], [158].
Bristol Channel, [138], [178].
British Columbia, [1], [23], [121] et seq., [194], [198].
British Isles, ancient glaciers of, [136-181];
preglacial level of land in, [139-141];
preglacial climate in 141, [142];
great glacial centres—
Wales, [143];
Ireland, [143];
Galloway, [144];
Lake District, [144];
Pennine Chain, [144];
confluent glaciers—
Irish Sea Glacier, [145-153];
Solway Glacier, [153-158];
East Anglian Glacier, [158];
Isle of Man, [164-167];
the so-called Great Submergence, [167-180];
dispersion of erratics of Shap granite, [180], [181];
drainage of, [238];
caverns of, [267];
climate of, [314].
Brixham Cave, [267] et seq.
Bromsgrove, England, [150].
Brooklyn, N. Y., [66], [67].
Brown, on glaciers of Greenland, [40], [41].
Brown’s Valley, [226].
Bruce, skull of, [276].
Buried forests in America, [107] et seq.
Buried outlets and channels, [199-210];
of Lake Erie, [201], [333];
of Lake Huron, [202];
of Lake Ontario, [202];
of Lake Superior, [203];
of Lake Michigan, [203];
in southwestern Ohio, [203];
near Cincinnati, [203];
near Louisville, Ky., [205];
in the Tuscarawas Valley, [205];
in the valley of the Beaver, [205];
of oil Creek, [205];
in the valley of the Alleghany, [206];
of Chautauqua Lake, [207];
near Minneapolis, [208].
Burton, England, [164].
Busk, cited, [267].
Buttermere, England, [153], [168].
Cache Valley, Utah, [233].
Cae Gwyn Cave, [148], [271] et seq., [280].
Caithness, Scotland, [180].
Calaveras skull, [295], [300].
California, [21], [124], [281], [287], [294], [358], [372].
Cambridgeshire, England, [158].
Canada, [94], [95].
Canstadt, man of, [279].
Canton, Ohio, [232].
Cape St. Roque, [31] 3.
Caribbean Sea, [318].
Caribou, [262].
Carll, cited, [205], [207].
Carpathian Mountains, [136], [328].
Carpenter, F. R., cited, [321], [322].
Cascade Range, [21].
Caspian Sea, [238].
Cattaraugus Creek, N. Y., [220].
Caucasus Mountains, [15];
age of, [328].
Cave-bear, [269-271], [278], [280];
hyena, [269], [270], [278];
lion, [269-271], [278].
Caverns, British, [267-274];
on the Continent, [274-281].
Cefn Cave, [148], [271].
Cenis, Mont, [135].
Centres of glacial dispersion, [304] et seq., [323] et seq., [328];
in America, [113], [121];
in Europe, [129] et seq.;
in the British Isles, [142] et seq.
Cevennes, [136].
Chamberlin, T. C, terminal moraine of second Glacial epoch, [93],
98 et seq.;
on driftless area, [102], [103];
cited, [110], [218], [229], [307];
on Cincinnati ice-dam, [218].
Chamois, [289], [290].
Chamouni, [132].
Charpentier, [9], [59].
Chasseron, [58], [132].
Chautauqua Lake, buried outlet of, [207].
Chenango River, [220].
Cheshire, England, [149],153,178,180.
Cheyenne River, [228].
Chicago, Ill., [346].
Chimpanzee, skull of, [276].
Chur, [133].
Cincinnati, buried channels near, [203] et seq.;
glacial dam at, [212] et seq.;
terraces at, [231].
Clarksburg, W. Va., [216].
Claymont, Del., [258] et seq.;
view of implement found near, [259].
Claypole, cited, [200], [219], [221].
Climate of Glacial period, [291].
Clwyd, vale of, [147] et seq.. 271 et seq.
Clyde, the, [144].
Collett, cited, [107].
Colorado, [123], [124].
Columbia deposit, [245], [254] et seq.
Columbiana County, Ohio, [232].
Comstock, cited, [307].
Conewango Creek, [232];
ancient depth of, [206].
Connecticut, [71], [72], [74], [91].
Conyers, cited, [265].
Cook on subsidence in New Jersey, [196].
Cope, cited, [288].
Cordilleran Glacier, [121] et seq.
Corswall, England, [312].
Cows, [268].
Cresson, cited, [251], [258] et seq.
Crevasses. ([See Fissures.])
Croll, cited, [304], [307] et seq., [332], [362].
Cro-Magnon, rock shelter of, [281].
Cromer, England, [160].
Crosby, on composition of till, [81] et seq.
Cross Fell escarpment, [153], [180].
Culoz, [132].
Cumberland, England, [146], [153], [168], [173].
Gumming, quoted, [166].
Gushing, H., [26]
Cuyahoga River, [220], [221];
buried channel of, [200].
Dana, Professor J. D., on depth of ice, [91];
on driftless area, [102];
cited, [320], [363].
Danube, ancient glaciers of the, [129], [134], [188].
Darent, valley of, [265].
Darrtown, Ohio, [107].
Darwin, Charles, cited, [17], [126], [170], [241], [361].
Darwin, George G., cited, [361].
Darwin, Mrs. M. J., mortar owned by, [297].
Date of Glacial period, chapter on, [332-364].
Davidson Glacier, [23].
Davis on drumlins, [75].
Dawkins, cited, [238], [267], [269], [291].
Dawson, G. M., cited, [121];
on ice-movements, [97];
on oscillation of land-level, [125], [126].
Dawson, Sir William, on the fiord of the Saguenay, [197];
cited, [285].
Dee, the river, [149].
Deeley, quoted, [164].
Delaware River, [232], [242] et seq., [254], [258];
section across the, [245].
Delta terrace at Trenton, N. J., [242] et seq.;
at Beaver, Pa., [230].
De Ranee, cited, [272].
Derbyshire, England, [270].
Desor on age of Niagara gorge, [337].
Diore, glaciers of the, [135].
Disintegration, amount of, near glacial margin, [117], [118].
Diss, England, [266].
Dnieper, the, [185], [188].
Don, the, [185], [188].
Dora Baltea, [134].
Dover, N. H., section of kame near, [77].
Dover, Straits of, [238].
Drave, glaciers in the, [134].
Drainage systems in the Glacial period, [335], [339], [340], [343], [344];
chapter on, [193-241].
Drayson, cited, [317].
Driftless area in the Mississippi Valley, [101], [102].
Drumlins, description of, [73] et seq.;
view of, [73];
occurrence of, in Massachusetts, [73];
in New Hampshire, [74];
in Connecticut, [74];
in New York, [74], [94];
in the British Isles, [74], [137], [167].
Dunbar, Scotland, [312].
Dupont, cited, [279].
Du Quoin, Ill., [98], [119].
D’Urville, [20].
Düsseldorf, [275].
Eagle, Wis., view of kettle-moraine near, [99].
East Anglian Glacier, [158-164].
Eccentricity of the earth’s orbit, [308].
Eden Valley, [180].
Eggischorn, [211], [241].
Eguisheim, skull found at, [279].
Elephant, [265], [280], [282], [283], [292].
Elevation, preglacial, [112], [194], [198];
the cause of the Glacial period, [113], [320-331];
about the Great Lakes, [224];
in the latitude of New York, [261].
Elyria, Ohio, [342].
Engis skull, view of, [274].
England. ([See British Isles.])
Enville, England, [150].
Erosion, preglacial, [193] et seq.
Erosion in river valleys, [198], [329], [332].
Erzgebirge, [136], [181].
Europe, existing glaciers in, [9], et seq., 43 et seq.;
ancient glaciers of, [129-190];
former elevation of, [238];
ice-dams in, [360].
Evans, cited, [263], [267], [354], [365].
Falconer, cited, [263].
Falls of St Anthony, [200].
Faudel, cited, [279].
Fiesch, Switzerland, [131], [211].
Filey Brigs;, Eng., [155].
Finchley, Eng., [158], [159].
Finger Lakes, [94].
Finsteraarhorn, [9].
Fiords, [194] et seq.;
of Greenland, [212].
Fissures in glacial ice, [3], [48], [49].
Flamborough, [140], [156], [157], [176].
Florida, [314].
Flower, cited, [263].
Forbes, [9], [38], [43], [44], [48].
Forel, M., cited, [116].
Fort Snelling, Mississippi gorge at, [208], [340] et seq.
Fort Wayne, Incl., [220], [224].
Foshay, cited, [119].
Fox, [270], [289], [290].
Fraipont, cited, [275] et seq.
France, existing glaciers of, [19];
ancient glaciers of, [136];

glacial gravels of, [262] et seq.
Frankley Hill, England, [150].
Franklin, Pa., [230], [232].
Franz-Josef Land, [14].
Frederickshaab Glacier, [91], [212].
Frere, cited, [266].
Frickthal, [133].
Frondeg, Wales, [149], [178].
Gabb, cited, [318].
Galloway, ancient glaciers of, [144], [145], [154], [157], [167], [168], [173].
Garda, Lake, moraine in front of, [135].
Garonne, the, [136], [188].
Gaudry, cited, [263].
Geikie, Archibald, cited, [272], [312].
Geikie, James, on kames, [76];
on loess, [187], [188];
cited, [291] et seq., [307], [353].
Genesee River, [220].
Geological time, [361] et seq.
Georgian Bay, [339].
German Ocean, [129].
Germantown, Ohio, [107], [108].
Germany, North, moraine in, [181], [183];
glacial lakes in, [238];
Quaternary animals in, [279].
Gietroz Glacier, [211].
Gilbert, cited, [233] et seq., [350] et seq.;
on age of Niagara gorge, [339].
Glacial dispersion. ([See Centres of Glacial Dispersion.])
Glacial boundary in New England, [67];
in New Jersey, [83];
in Pennsylvania, [84] et seq.;
in New York, [84];
in Ohio, [95], [100], [106];
in Kentucky, [96];
in Indiana, [96];
in Illinois, [96], [100];
in Kansas, Nebraska, Missouri, Montana, South Dakota, [96];
in Minnesota, [101];
in British Isles, [137], [148], [150], [151], [155], [167];
in Holland, [181]; in Germany, [181], [183];
in Russia, [181], [189].
Glacial erosion, [118], [119], [182].
Glacial ice, depth of, in Pennsylvania, [90] et seq.;
in Connecticut, [91];
in New York, [91];
in Greenland, [91];
in the Alps, [91], [131], [133], [182];
in Germany, [182];
in Norway, [182];
amount of, [330].
Glacial lakes in Germany, [283].
Glacial motion, limit of, [2];
chapter on, [43-50];
plastic theory of, [48].
Glacial outlets of the Great Lakes, [220-222].
Glacial periods, cause of, [113];
chapter on, [302-331];
date of, chapter on, [332-364].
Glacial periods, supposed succession of, [106] et seq., [311], [324-326], [332];
criticisms of the theory, [116] et seq.
Glacial striæ. ([See Rock-Scoring.])
Glacial terraces, [229-238];
in Pennsylvania, [87] et seq., [215], [217], [229], [230];
in New York, [88]; at Beech Flats, Ohio, [217];
at Granville, Ohio, [227];
on the Minnesota River, [228];
around Great Salt Lake, [233] et seq.;
on Delaware River, [243] et seq.;
in Europe, [238-241];
in Ohio, [249] et seq.;
human relics in, [241-267];
on Delaware River, [245];
of the Mississippi River, [254];
in France, [263] et seq., [360];
in England, [264] et seq.;
in Belgium, [264];
in Spain, [264];
in Portugal, [264];
in Italy, [264];
in Greece, [264].
Glacial theory, crucial tests of, [62], [65], [257], [302] et seq.
Glaciation, signs of past, chapter on, [51] et seq.
Glacier Bay, [24];
map of, [25].
Glacier, denned, [2];
formation of, [3];
characterised by veins and fissures, [3];
advance and retreat of, [116];
velocity of, in the Alps, [43] et seq.;
in Greenland, [36], [46-48];
in Alaska, [47].
Glaciers, ancient, in North America, [66-128];
in Central and Northern Europe, [58-60], [131-136];
in the British Isles, [136-181];
in Northern Europe, [181-190];
in Australia, [126], [192];
in Asia, [190], [191];
in Africa. 191, [192].
Glaciers, existing, in the Alps, [9] et seq., [43] et seq.;
in Scandinavia, [12];
in Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla, and Franz-Josef Land, [12];
in Iceland, [14];
in Asia, [14] et seq.;
in Oceanica, [16];
in South America, [17];
in Antarctic Continent, [18] et seq.;
in North America, [20] et seq.;
in Greenland, [32] et seq., [46], [48], [364].
Glen Roy, parallel roads of, [239].
Glutton, [293].
Goat, [268].
Goffstown, N. H., [73].
Grafton, W. Va., [214].
Grand Haven, Mich., [346].
Granville, Ohio, terrace at, [227], [343].
Grape Creek, Col., view of moraines of, [123].
Great Bend, Pa., depth of river-channel at, [206].
Great Lakes, depth of, [115]; formation of, [199] et seq.;
glacial outlets of, [220-222];
elevation about, [224].
Great Salt Lake, Utah, [233] et seq., [350].
Greece, human relics in glacial terraces of, [264].
Greenland, existing glaciers of, [1], [32] et seq., [46], [48],364;
map of, [33];
climate of, [302].
Gross Glockner, [9], [134].
Ground ice, [357].
Gulf of Mexico, [313], [318].
Gulf Stream, [13], [311], [313], [317] et seq.
Guyot, [9], [58], [133].
Haas, [16].
Hall, on the age of Niagara, [336].
Hare, [289].
Harrison, quoted, [167].
Harte, Bret, cited, [296].
Hartz Mountains, [136], [181].
Hayes, [36].
Haynes on Tertiary Man, [365-374].
Heald Moor, England, [147].
Hebrides, the, [136].
Heim, [9].
Helland, [14], [46-48].
Hennepin, cited, [340].
Heme Bay, England, [265].
Herschel, cited, [310].
Hertfordshire, England, [158].
Hicks, Dr. II., cited, [272].
Hicks, L. E., cited, [343].
Himalayas, [1],45, [292], [330];
age of, [328].
Hingham, Mass., section of kame near, [79].
Hippopotamus, [263], [265], [271], [280], [284], [285], [290], [292].
Hitchcock, C. II., discovery of boulders on Mount Washington, [60];
on drumlins, [73];
cited, [309], [313].
Hitchcock, E., on kames, [77].
Holland, terminal moraine in, [181].
Holderness, [157].
Hooker, cited, [191].
Horse, [188], [263], [268-270], [272], [278], [280], [288], [289].
Horseheads, N. Y., [220].
Horseshoe Fall, [337] et seq.
Hottentot skull, [276].
Hoxney, England, [266].
Hudson River, preglacial channel of, [194] et seq.
Hugi, [9], [43].
Hungary, Quaternary animals in, [279].
Huxley, cited, [276], [278].
Hyena, [271], [272], [282], [291], [292].
Ibex, [289].
Icebergs, [18], [20];
formation of, [28].
Ice, characteristics of, [2], [48] et seq., [302] et seq.;
transporting power of moving, [5].
Ice-dams, [211-228];
in the Alps, [211];
in the Himalayas, [211];
in Greenland, [212];
in Alaska, [212];
at Cincinnati, [213] et seq.;
across the Mohawk, [92], [220], [334], [335];
in the Red River of the North, [225];
in Europe, [360].
Iceland, existing glaciers of, [1], [14].
Ice-pillars, [6], [27].
Ice-sheet, retreat of, [333] et seq.
Idaho, [122]; lava-beds of, [297].
Illicilliwaet Glacier, [23].
Illinois, [96-98], [100], [119], [121], [345] et seq.
Indiana, [96], [98], [107], [119], [121].
Indian Ridge, [80].
Iowa, [98], [101].
Ireland, ancient glaciers of, [143].
Irish elk, [270], [278], [288].
Irish Sea Glacier, [137], [145-153], [164], [271].
Irthing, valley of the, [153].
Isère, glaciers of the, [132].
Isle of Man, [164-167].
Isle of Wight, [266].
Italy, existing glaciers of, [9];
ancient glaciers of, [185];
human relics in glacial terraces of, [264];
supposed Tertiary man in, [366].
Ivrea, [134].
Jackson, cited, [357].
Jackson’s Lake, [123].
Jakobshavn Glacier, velocity of, [46], [47];
depth of, [91];
ice-dams of, [212].
James, cited, [204].
James River, Dak., [228].
James River, Va., [257].
Jamieson, cited, [330].
Jensen, [91].
Judge’s Cave, [72].
Jura Mountains, ancient glaciers of, [58-60], [132].
Kames, formation of, [7], [76], [77];
of Muir Glacier, [29], [30];
in Massachusetts, [77] et seq.;
in New Hampshire, [80];
map of, in Maine, [81];
in Pennsylvania, [87].
Kanawha River, [216].
Kane, [36-38].
Kansas, [96].
Kelly’s Island, view of grooves on, [103], [105].
Kendall, chapter by, [137-181];
cited, [273].
Kent, England, [265].
Kent’s Hole, [267] et seq., [352] et seq.
Kentucky, [63], [96], [97], [212];
view of boulder in, [63].
Kentucky River, [214].
Kettle-holes, formation of, [7], [68];
of Muir Glacier, [29], [30];
in New England, [66] et seq., [344], [345];
in Pennsylvania, [86];
sedimentation of, [333], [344] et seq.
Kettle-moraine in Wisconsin, [100].
King, [21], [351];
implement discovered by, [297].
Knox County, Ohio, [232].
Kurtz, Nam pa image discovered by, [297].
Lake Agassiz, [126], [223], [225];
continuance of, [347] et seq.
Lake Bonneville, [233] et seq., [299], [350] et seq.
Lake Constance, [60], [133].
Lake Erie, origin of, [200] et seq.;
ridges around, [222];
preglacial outlet of, [200], [333].
Lake Geneva during the Glacial period, [131], [132].
Lake Huron, preglacial outlet of, [202];
ridges around, [224].
Lake Itasca, [254].
Lake Lahontan, [233], [234].
Lake Michigan, age of, [345] et seq.
Lake Nipissing, [339].
Lake Ontario, origin of, [201] et seq.
Lake Traverse, [208], [226].
Lake District, England, the, [144].
Lake dwellings in Switzerland, [281].
Lake ridges, [222] et seq.
Lakes, sedimentation of, [333], [344] et seq.
Lamplugh, glacial observations of, [140], [196].
Lancashire, [153], [178], [180].
Lancaster, Ohio, [232].
Lang, cited, [116].
Lark, England, valley of the, [266].
Lateral moraines, [5].
Laurentide Glacier, [113] et seq., [121], [321].
Lava on the Pacific coast of North America, [294], [298], [300], [306], [321].
Lawrence, Mass., [80].
Lawrenceburg, Ind., [231], [232].
Le Conte, cited, [286], [322] et seq., [330], [372].
Leicestershire, England, [158].
Lehigh River, [243].
Lemming, [289].
Lenticular hills, [73].
Leopard, [282].
Lesley, cited, [215].
Lesse, Belgium, valley of the, [279].
Leverett, cited, [101], [218].
Lewis, on transported boulders, [57], [61];
work of, in Pennsylvania, [84], [119];
in Great Britain, [137];
cited, [254] et seq., [273].
Lickey Hills, [151].
Licking River, [214].
Liége, Belgium, [274].
Lincolnshire, England, [158].
Lindenkohl on old channel of the Hudson, [195] et seq.
Lion, [282], [293].
Little Beaver Creek, [231], [232].
Little Falls, Minn., [225], [232], [252], [254].
Little Falls, N. Y., buried channel near, [202].
Livingston, Mont., [122].
Llangollen, vale of, [151].
Loess in the Mississippi Valley, [98], [119], [120];
in Europe, [186] et seq.
Lohest, cited, [275] et seq.
Lombardy, [134].
London, [158], [159], [178];
glacial terrace in, [264].
Long Island, [66], [67].
Louisville, Ky., buried channel near, [205].
Loveland, Ohio, [232], [250].
Lubbock, cited, [267].
Lucerne, [133].
Lyell, on Richmond train of boulders, [70];
cited, [239], [263], [267], [274], [276], [285], [355], [361];
on the age of Niagara, [336].
Lyons, [132].
Maack, cited, [318].
Macclesfield, England, [273].
MacEnery, cited, [267].
Machairodus, [270], [282].
Mackintosh, quoted, [149], [150], [173].
Mâcon, France, [369].
McTarnahan, mortar discovered by, [297].
Madison boulder, [71].
Madisonville, Ohio, [232], [250], [254].
Magdalena Bay, [13].
Mahoning River, [220].
Maine, [80]; re-elevation of, [331].
Malaspina Glacier, map of, [31].
Mammoth,

[188], [190], [263], [265], [269-272], [278], [280], [283-285], [287], [292], [293].
Man, relics of, in the Glacial period, chapter on, [242-301];
in glacial terraces of the United States, [242-262];
of Europe, [262-267];
in cave deposits of British Isles, [148], [267-274];
of the Continent, [274-281];
under lava-beds of the Pacific coast of North America, [294-301];
extinct animals associated with, [281-293].
Manitoba, [97].
Mankato, Minn., [229].
Marcilly, skull at, [279].
Marietta, Ohio, [231].
Marmot, [289], [293].
Marsh Creek Valley, Utah, [233].
Martigny, ancient glaciers near, [59], [60], [131], [211].
Massachusetts, [67] et seq., [73], [77] et seq., [81], [344], [345].
Mastodon, [262], [278], [285], [286].
Mattmark See, [211].
Maumee River, [220].
McGee, cited, [245], [254] et seq.
Medial moraines, formation of, [6];
of Muir Glacier, [27];
in Ohio, [100].
Medlicott, cited, [312].
Medora, Ind., [232], [251], [254].
Menai Straits, [145].
Mentone, skeleton of, [281].
Mer de Glace, [11], [44].
Merjelen See, [211], [241].
Mersey, the, [140].
Meteorites, [305].
Metz, cited, [250].
Meuse, valley of, [274] et seq.
Miami, the Great, [204], [220].
Miami, the Little, [231], [250].
Millersburg, Ohio, [232].
Mills, cited, [251].
Minneapolis, [232]; buried outlet near, [208];
recession of falls at, [210], [340] et seq., [364].
Minnehaha, Falls of, [342].
Minnesota, [101], [107], [252] et seq.;
lakes of, [344].
Minnesota River, a glacial outlet, [208], [225], [228], [342].
Miocene epoch, animals of the, [285].
Mississippi River, gorge of, at Fort Snelling, [208], [364];
terraces on, [229];
erosion by, [329];
glacial drainage of, [335], [340].
Missouri Coteau, [101], [126], [228].
Missouri, [96], [98], [119].
Moel Tryfaen, [145], [167] et seq., [178], [273].
Mohawk River, glacial drainage of, [92], [202], [335];
ice-dam across, [220], [334], [335].
Mohegan Bock, [71]; view of, [72].
Monongahela River, [214] et seq.
Montaigle, valley of the, [279].
Montana, [96].
Montreal, re-elevation of, [331].
Moose, [262].
Moraines, formation of, [6];
in Wisconsin, [98-100];
in Italy, [134], [135];
between Speeton and Flamborough, [156];
in Germany, [183].
Morecambe Bay, [146], [180].
Morgantown, W. Va., [215].
Morlot, cited, [354].
Mortillet, cited, [366], [369], [372].
Morvan, the, [136].
Moulins, formation of, [7].
Mount Shasta, [21].
Mount Washington, [61].
Mueller Glacier, [17].
Muir Glacier, [24] et seq.. 47, [68], [212];
view of front of, [26].
Muir, John, [24].
Muskingum River, [220], [231].
Musk ox, [262], [280].
Musk sheep, [289], [290], [293].
Nampa image, [297] et seq.
Nansen, [39], [41].
Naulette, jaw found at, [278], [279].
Neale, implements discovered by, [296], [373].
Neanderthal skull, [275] et seq.
Nebraska, [96].
Nelson River, [349].
Neufchâtel, [133].
Nevada, [124]; lakes of, [233].
Névé-field defined, [3].
Newark, Ohio, [232].
Newberry on the preglacial drainage of the Hudson, [195] et seq.;
on the formation of the Great Lakes, [202] et seq.;
cited, [320].
Newburg, N. Y., [286].
New Comerstown, implement from, [232], [250], [251] et seq., [254].
New England, [57], [60], [61], [91];
ancient glaciers in, [66-83].
New Hampshire, [69], [71], [74], [80].
New Harmony, Ind., [232].
New Jersey, [83].
New Lisbon, Ohio, [232].
New York, [74], [84], [88], [91], [92] et seq.
New York Bay, [184], [197], [249].
New Zealand, [1], [126], [192], [330].
Niagara gorge, age of, [333] et seq.;
section of strata along the, [336].
Nile River, [285].
Nordenskiöld, [32], [34].
Norfolk, England, [161].
North America, existing glaciers in, [20] et seq.
North Sea, [238].
Norway, climate of, [314].
Nottingham, England, [164].
Nova Zembla, [14].
Oberlin, Ohio, [64], [344].
Oceanica, existing glaciers of, [16], [17].
Ohio River, glacial terrace, [217], [229].
Ohio, [64],72, [95], [98], [100], [103], [106],107-117, [119], [217], [249] et seq., [343], [344].
Oil Creek, [205], [232].
Olmo, skull at, [279].
Oregon, [21], [124].
Orme’s Head, Little, [147].
Orton, cited, [72], [107].
Oscillations of land-level in America, [124] et seq.
Oswestry. England, [173].
Ottawa River, [339].
Otter, [290].
Ouse, valley of the, [265].
Ox, [269], [270].
Pacific coast of America, [349].
Pacific Ocean, [318], [320].
Panama, Isthmus of, [113], [313], [314], [318].
Parsimony, law of, [117].
Pasterzen Glacier, [134].
Patagonia, [1].
Patton, [25].
Payer, [14], [39].
Peat-beds, [68], [125];
in Ohio, [107];
in Minnesota, [108];
in valley of the Somme, [355] et seq.
Pembina River, [228].
Pengelly, cited, [267], [270].
Pennine Chain, glaciation of, [137], [144], [146], [147], [154], [177].
Pennsylvania, [57], [61], [84] et seq., [119], [217].
Perry County, Ohio, [232].
Perthes, Boucher de, [262] et seq.
Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, [296].
Philadelphia, red gravel of, [254] et seq.
Phillips, cited, [267].
Picardy, glacial gravels of, [262].
Pittsburg, Pa., submergence of, [214], [217], [230].
Plum Creek, Ohio, [344].
Po, valley of the, [135];
erosion by, [328].
Pocatello, Idaho, [236], [299].
Pocono Mountain, [61].
Poland, [181].
Polynesian skull, [276].
Pomp’s Pond, section of kettle-hole near, [345].
Portageville, N. Y., [220].
Port Neuf River, Idaho, [236].
Portsmouth, Ohio, [231].
Portugal, human relics in glacial terraces of, [264];
supposed Tertiary man in, [367], [371] et seq.
Post-glacial erosion, [332] et seq.;
in Ohio, [343], [344];
in Illinois, [345] et seq.
Potomac River, [256] et seq.
Pot-holes in Lucerne, [133].
Pouchet, cited, [263].
Precession of equinoxes, [308].
Preglacial climate in England, [141], [142].
Preglacial levels in England, [139-142].
Prestwich, cited, [186], [189], [263] et seq., [284];
on date of Glacial period, [354], [357], [363], [364].
Provo shore-line, [237].
Putnam, cited, [250].
Puy-Courny, France, supposed Tertiary man at, [367], [370], [371].
Pyramid Lake, [350].
Pyrenees, glaciers of the, [11], [136];
Quaternary animals of, [280], [282];
age of, [328].
Quaternary animals of California, [281], [287];
in Germany, [279];
in Hungary, [279].
Quatrefages, cited, [276].
Queenston, Canada, [333] et seq.
Rabbit, [289].
Raccoon Creek, [343];
view of glacial terrace near, [227].
Rames, cited, [370], [371].
Ramsay, cited, [311].
Rappahannock River, [257].
Rawhide Gulch, Cal., [296].
Recession, rate of, of Falls of Niagara, [333] et seq.;
of Falls of St. Anthony, [340] et seq., [364];
of Black River, [342], [343].
Red deer, [263].
Red River of the North, [209], [228], [340];
ice-dam in, [225].
Regillout, [263].
Reid, Clement, quoted, [162].
Reid, H. F., [26], [47].
Reindeer, [188], [262], [263], [269], [270], [278], [280], [287], [290], [293].
Rhine, ancient glaciers of the, [129], [133].
Rhinoceros, [188], [263], [265], [271], [277], [278], [280], [284], [286], [287], [292];
woolly, [269], [270], [272], [280], [287].
Rhode Island, [67].
Rhône, ancient glaciers of, [58-60], [131],132, [185], [188];
map of, [58].
Richmond, Mass., train of boulders in, [70], [71].
Rink, Dr., [35].
Roanoke River, [257].
Rocky Mountains, [320], [322];
age of the, [328].
Rock-scorings, cause of, [51] et seq.;
in New England, [69];
on islands of Lake Erie, [103], [104];
in Pennsylvania, [119];
in Ohio, [103], [119];
in Indiana, [119];
in Illinois, [119];
in Missouri, [119].
Roman remains, [356].
Rome, N. Y., [335].
Rosa, Mount, [9], [134], [211].
Ross, Sir J. C, [18], [19], [311].
Royston, England, [155].
Runaway Pond, [207].
Russell, I. C, exploration of Mount St. Elias by, [30], [212];
cited, [233], [350] et seq.
Russia, glacial boundary in, [181], [189];
glacial drainage of, [238].
Saguenay, fiord of the, [197].
Salamanca, N. Y., buried channels near, [206].
Salisbury, cited, [183], [184].
Salt Lake City, [123].
Sandusky, Ohio, section of the lake ridges near, [223].
Sandusky River, [220].
Sanford, cited, [267].
Saskatchewan River, [228].
Saxony, [181].
Scandinavia, existing glaciers of, [2], [12];
ancient glaciers of, [129], [136], [157], [181-190];
re-elevation of, [331].
Scioto River, [231].
Scotland. ([See British Isles.])
Seattle, section of till in, [55].
Second Glacial period, [106] et seq.
Section, ideal, across river bed in drift region, [229].
Sedimentation of lakes, [333].
Seine, terraces of the, [186], [188], [264].
Seracs, [4], [5].
Settle, England, [270].
Severn, the, [149-151], [285].
Shaler, [67], [242].
Shap granite, [154], [157], [180].
Ship Rock, [71].
Shone, cited, [180].
Shoshone Falls, [299].
Shrewsbury, England, [150].
Shropshire, England, [149], [173].
Siberia, [190];
Quaternary animals in, [280], [282], [283], [290];
climate of, [302], [316].
Sierra Nevada Mountains, [21], [294], [301], [320], [322], [349], [352].
Skertchly, quoted, [159].
Skipton, [144], [146].
Skull, comparative study of, [276].
Slickenside, [53].
Smock on depth of glacial ice, [90].
Snake River Valley, [236] et seq., [298].
Snowdon, [145], [171].
Snowy vole, [289].
Soleure, [133].
Solferino, [135].
Solway Glacier, [153], [155], [180].
Somme, terraces of the, [186], [262] et seq., [285], [286], [355], [359] et seq.
Sonora, Cal., [294] et seq.
South America, existing glaciers of, [17];
ancient glaciers in, [126].
Southampton, England, [266].
South Dakota, [96], [98].
Spain, ancient glaciers of, [136];
human relics in glacial terraces of, [264];
Quaternary animals of, [280].
Speeton, [140], [155], [156].
Spencer, cited, [224].
Spencer, N. Y., [220].
Spitsbergen, [12].
Spy, man of, [275], [277].
St. Acheul, [263].
Stag, [289].
Stainmoor, England, [154], [157], [180].
Stalagmite, rate of accumulation of, [352] et seq.
Stanislaus River, Cal., [294].
St. Anthony, Falls of, [340] et seq., [364].
Steamburg, N. Y., buried channel at, [206].
St. Elias, [30] et seq., [212].
St. Lawrence River, glacial drainage of, [335], [339].
St. Louis, Mo., [119], [364].
St. Paul, Minn.,

[228].
Stone on kames in Maine, [80].
Straits of Dover, [360].
Straits of Gibraltar, [292].
Striæ, direction of, in New Hampshire, [69];
in Lake Erie, [104];
presence of, in Pennsylvania, [85], [119];
in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri, [119];
in Stuttgart, [279].
Subglacial streams, [23], [29], [120].
Submerged channels on the coasts of America, [194-198].
Submergence theory, [60-63], [70].
Subsidence of the Isthmus of Panama, [113], [318];
in Mississippi Valley, [93], [113], [120], [121];
on east coast of North America, [255] et seq.;
about the Great Lakes, [224], [339];
in Great Britain, [167-181].
Susquehanna River, glacial drainage of, [93], [232], [257].
Svartisen Glacier, [13].
Svenonius, Dr., [12].
Sweden, [81].
Switzerland, existing glaciers of, [9-11];
ancient glaciers of, [131-136];
lake-dwellings in, [281].
Table Mountain, Cal., [294] et seq., [300].
Table of changes during the Glacial epochs, [324], [325].
Tagus, valley of the, [367], [371] et seq.
Tait, cited, [362].
Tardy, cited, [370].
Tasman Glacier, [16].
Teesdale, England, [155], [157].
Terminal moraines, formation of, [6];
in Pennsylvania, [61], [62], [85] et seq.;
on the southern coast of New England, [66] et seq.;
in Ohio, [106];
in Puget Sound, [122];
in Tyghee Pass, [122];
in Italy, [135].
Terminal moraines of the second Glacial epoch, [93], [100], [101], [106].
Terraces. ([See Glacial Terraces.])
Tertiary animals, [286].
Tertiary man, [365-374].
Tertiary period, climate of, [113], [117], [182], [305], [307].
Teton Mountains, [123].
Texas, Pleistocene animals of, [288].
Thames, England, [138], [264], [285].
Thenay, France, supposed Tertiary man in, [367], [371];
view of flint-flakes collected at, [368].
Thompson, [50].
Thomson, cited, [362].
Till, description of, [53];
composition of, in Massachusetts, [81] et seq.;
section of, in Ohio, [108];
depth of, in Germany, Scandinavia, and Russia, [182].
Tinière River, [354].
Titusville, Pa., [232].
Todd, on forest beds and old soils,110 et seq.;
cited, [228].
Torquay, England, [267].
Trade-winds of the Atlantic, [314], [318].
Tremeirchon, Wales, [271].
Trenton, N. J., [87], [232], [242] et seq., [254], [257];
view of implement found at, [247].
Trenton gravel, section of the, [246].
Trent, valley of the, [163], [164].
Trimmer, quoted, [148].
Trimingham, England, [162].
Trogen, Switzerland, [60].
Trons, Switzerland, [60].
Tuolumne County, Cal., [294], [299].
Turin, [135].
Tuscarawas Valley, [220], [221], [232], [251];
buried channel in, [205].
Tylor, cited, [359] et seq.
Tyndall, [44-46], [49].
Tynemouth, England, [155], [157].
Tyrol, [134], [135], [211].
Tyrrell, cited, [109].
Ulm, [134].
Upham, on drumlins, [73];
on two ice-movements, [97];
cited, [222], [253] et seq., [301], [318], [320] et seq., [330], [348];
on the Columbia gravel, [261];
on date of the Glacial period, [344].
Ural Mountains, [15], [280].
Utah, [123];
lakes of, [233].
Utica, N. Y., [220].
Utrecht, moraine near, [181].
Valais, the, [133].
Vegetable remains in glacial deposits, [117], [125];
in Ohio, [107], [117];
in Indiana, [107];
in Minnesota, [107], [109];
in Iowa, [108];
in British America, [109].
Veins in glacial ice, [3].
Vermont, Runaway Pond in, [207].
Vernagt Glacier, [211].
Vessel Rock, view of, [56].
Vezère, valley of, [281].
Victoria Cave, England, [270], [280].
Virginia City, [349]
Vivian, cited, [267].
Volga, the, [185].
Vosges Mountains, [136].
Wabash River, [220], [231], [232].
Wahsatch Mountains, [237].
Wales, ancient glaciers of, [143], [150] et seq.;
caverns of, [271].
Wallace, cited, [331], [343], [362].
Walrus, [262], [285].
Warren, Pa., buried channel near, [206].
Warren River, [226].
Washington, [1], [21], [122].
Washington, D. C., gravel deposit of, [254].
Water, transporting power of running, [5], [51-53].
Waveney, England, valley of the, [266].
Wealden formation, [361].
Weasel, [290].
Wells, England, [270].
Western Reserve Historical Society, [104].
Weston, W. Va., [216].
West Virginia, [214] et seq.;
glacial terrace in, [216].
Wey, valley of the, [265].
Whitby, England, [155].
White, cited, [215] et seq.
White River, Ind., [232], [251].
White Sea, [181].
Whitney, [14], [21], [295], [349], [373].
Whittlesey, [100].
Wild-boar, [290].
Wild-cat, [290].
Winchell, Alexander, cited, [321], [330].
Winchell, N. H., cited, [107], [210], [252];
on the Falls of St. Anthony, [341] et seq.
Wisconsin, [98], [99], [100], [101].
Woeikoff, cited, [316].
Wolf, [270], [290].
Wolverine, [289].
Wood, cited, [179].
Woodward, quoted, [160];
on age of Niagara, [337] et seq.
Wookey Hole, England, [270].
Wrangell, cited, [357].
Wright, [373].
Yankton, [120].
Yellowstone Park, [122].
Yorkshire, [140], [154], [155], [157], [176], [270], [283], [286].
Yosemite Park, [21], [350].
Young, Rev. Mr., [24].
Young, Professor, cited, [362].
Younglove, [104].
Zermatt Glacier, view of, [2].
Zuyder Zee, [181].

THE END.

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