Map of the Globe, showing the direction of the Ocean Currents, Cotidal Lines, &c. facing [page 3].

WOODCUTS.

Annelidans:—
Aphrodita, or Sea-Mouse,[264]
Nereis,[263]
Serpula, attached to a Shell,[266]
Beachy Head,[5]
Bell Rock Lighthouse,[86]
Birds:—
Albatross, Wandering,[163]
Auk,[168]
Great,[151]
Avoset,[144]
Barnacle Goose,[146]
Cormorant, common,[155]
Curlew,[143]
Eider Duck,[146]
Flamingo,[142]
Gannet, common,[156]
Great Crested Grebe,[150]
Guillemot, Black,[165]
(winter plumage),[167]
Herring Gulls,[158]
Hooded Merganser,[404]
Pelican,[116], [154]
Penguins,[152]
Petrel, Broad-billed,[160]
Fork-tailed,[160]
Stormy,[162]
Plover,[144]
Puffins,[165], [167]
Red-breasted Merganser,[149]
Scissor-bill (Rhynchops nigra),[144]
Sheldrake,[148]
Skimmer, Black,[144]
Snow Goose,[146]
Speckled Diver,[145]
Tailor-bird,[143]
Birds of Passage,[171]
Bones of the Anterior Fin of a Whale,[96]
Cœlenterata:—
Alcyonidium elegans,[363]
Astræa,[373]
Caryophyllia,[370]
Chrysaora hysoscella,[357]
Coryniadæ,[358]
Ctenophora,[360]
Diphyes appendiculata,[353]
Grey Sea-Pen,[365]
Isis hippuris,[369]
Jelly Fishes,[349], [350], [351]
Lucernalia auricula,[352]
Medusæ,[349], [350], [351]
Physalia caravella,[355]
Physophora Philippii,[356]
Red Coral,[367]
Sertularia tricuspidata, [347]
Stone Corals,[373], [374]
Tubipora Musica,[370]
Velella,[354]
Virgularia mirabilis,[365]
Vogtia pentacantha,[353]
Compound Foraminiferous Protozoon, magnified,[380]
Crustaceans:—
American Sand-Crab,[252]
Balanus ovularis, and group of, 2[244]
Barnacle,[101], [244]
Calling-Crab of Ceylon,[251]
Chelura tenebrans,[247]
Diogenes Hermit-Crab,[254]
Dromia vulgaris,[249]
Jamaica Land-Crab,[250]
King Crab,[246]
Large-clawed Calling-Crab,[250]
Limnoria lignorum,[247]
Metamorphosis of Carcinus Mœnas,[258]
Pea-Crab,[253]
Phyllosoma,[258]
Pinna Augustana,[253]
Sandhopper,[246]
Seyllarus equinoxialis,[248]
square facets of,[247]
Spotted Fin-Crab,[252]
Spotted Mantis-Crab,[256]
Stenopus hispidus,[261]
Whale-Louse,[101]
Crustaceans and Oysters,[256]
Dental Apparatus of the Sea-Urchin, viewed from above,[339]
Ear, Human,[196]
Ear of the Perch,[196]
Echinodermata:—
Cross-Fish, common,[334]
Eatable Trepang,[340]
Goniaster,[336]
Lily-Encrinite,[330]
Sand-Star,[332]
Sea-Urchin,[337]
Edible,[338]
Mammillated,[338]
Warted Euryale,[333]
Eddystone Lighthouse,[84]
Esquimaux in his Kayak,[120]
Fingal's Cave,[47]
Fishes:—
Ammodyte, or Launce,[230]
Anabas of the dry tanks,[192]
Anchovy,[214]
Angler,[203]
Bonito,[223]
Cod,[215]
Conger Eel,[228]
Diodon,[205]
Dory,[242]
Electric Eel,[202]
European Sly,[203]
Fierasfer,[340]
File-Fish,[232]
Flounder,[238]
Flying Fish,[156], [206], [224]
Frog-Fish,[192]
Gar-Fish,[223]
Globe-Fish,[232]
Gurnard,[197], [414]
Haddock,[215]
Halibut,[236]
Herring,[101], [208]
Lamprey,[231]
Ling,[215]
Mackerel,[222]
Mullet, Grey,[415]
Red,[197], [415]
Myxine,[231]
Perch, internal ear of the,[196]
Picked Dog-Fish, [200]
Pilchard,[212]
Pilot-Fish,[225]
Plaice,[238]
Porcupine-Fish,[232]
Salmo Rossii,[220]
Salmon,[415]
Sand-Eel,[415]
Saw-Fish,[201]
Sea-Horse,[234], [344]
Shark, Blue,[200]
Hammer-headed,[199]
White,[198]
Short Sun-Fish,[232], [422]
Sole,[237]
portion of skin of, highly magnified,[190]
Sturgeon, common,[217]
Surgeon-Fish,[205]
Swimming Pegasus,[207]
Sword-Fish,[99], [201]
Thornback,[240]
Torpedo,[201]
Toxotes Jaculator,[203]
Trunk-Fish,[232]
Tunny,[221]
Turbot,[237]
Wolf-Fish,[197]
Foraminifera, various forms of,[381]
Fossils:—
Ammonite,[437]
Belemnite,[437]
Ichthyosaurus communis,[172], [438]
Pentacrinus Briareus, portion of,[330]
Plesiosaurus,[438]
Trilobite,[436]
Hill at the Rapid on Bear Lake River (North-West Territory, North America),[23]
H.M.S. "Resolute" lying to in the North Atlantic,[24]
Ice-Bear approaching the "Dorothea" and "Trent",[137]
Japan Junks,[63]
Licmophora flabellata,[403]
Mammals:—
Dolphin,[107]
Dugong,[117]
female, of Ceylon,[119]
Manatee,[117]
Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus),[134]
Porpoise,[108]
Rorqual,[101]
Sea-Otter,[140]
Seal,[119], [123], [135]
Greenland,[123]
Walrus, 129,[135]
Whale, common,[97]
Whale, Spermaceti,[102], [115]
Mollusks:—
Argonaut,[280]
Ascidia mammillata,[322]
Banded Dipper,[141]
Bivalve deprived of its shell, to show its various openings,[300]
Botryllus,[324]
Bulla,[294]
Calamary,[272]
Carinaria,[287]
Cellularia,[319]
Chelyosoma Macleayanum,[323], [327]
Chinese Wentle-trap (Scalaria pretiosa),[289]
Chiton squamosus,[285]
Clavellina producta,[322]
Clio borealis,[98]
Cockle, common,[303], [306]
Cuttle-Fish (Sepia),[104], [275]
Diazona violacea,[324]
Donax,[301]
Edible Mussel,[307]
Edible Oyster,[308]
Eolis,[284]
Eschara cervicornis,[318]
Gorgeous Doris,[235]
Haliotis,[287]
Harp-shell,[288]
Hippopus maculatus,[315]
Ianthina communis,[290]
Leaf-like Sea-mat,[316], [317]
Limpet and Shell,[286], [292], [411]
Magilus antiquus,[291]
Mitre-shells,[288]
Murex haustellum,[291], [296]
Oliva hispidula,[290]
Onychoteuthis,[274]
Orange Cone-shell,[288]
Pearl-Oyster,[312]
Pearly Nautilus,[280]
Periwinkle,[411]
Petunculus, [302]
Pholas striata,[302]
Pinna,[305]
Poulp (Octopus),[272], [273]
Pteroceras scorpio,[290]
Retepora cellularis,[318]
Salpa,[326]
Scyllæa,[283]
Sea-Hare, compound stomach of,[295]
Sepia,[104], [275]
Solen, or Razor-Shell,[304]
Strombus pes pelicani,[290]
Syllæa, gizzard of,[294]
Tiara,[283]
Tridacna gigas,[314]
Whelk,[413]
Worm-shell,[291]
Muscles and Electric Batteries of the Torpedo,[202]
Nervous Axis of an Annelidan,[262]
Noctiluca miliaris,[425]
Ova of the Cuttle-Fish,[278]
Protozoa:—
Amœba,[379]
Foraminifera,[381]
Halina papillaris,[386]
Infusoria, marine,[384]
Nummulina discoidalis,[378]
Polycistina,[383]
Sponges,[385]
Tethea,[385], [386]
Reptiles:—
Alligator Lucius,[173]
Tortoise,[174]
Turtle, Green,[170]
Hawk's Bill,[180]
Loggerhead,[176]
Water-Snake,[183]
Rocky Mountains at the bend of the Bear Lake River,[79]
Rotifera:—
Conochilus volvox,[268]
Philodina roseola,[269]
Ptygura melicerta,[267]
Saw of the Saw-Fish,[100]
Sea-Fowl Shooting,[168]
Skeleton of the Dugong,[118]
of the Perch,[188]
of the Seal,[119]
of the Tortoise,[174]
Skerryvore Lighthouse,[89]
Skull and Head of Walrus,[129]
Skull of Whale, with the Baleen,[98]
Sockets with teeth, of Echinus esculentus,[339]
Surirella constricta,[402]
Theoretic representation of the Circulation in Fishes,[192]
Theoretic representation of the Circulation in Mammals and Birds,[175]
Theoretic representation of the Circulation in Reptiles,[175]
Torso Rock, near Point Deas Thomson, in the Arctic Ocean,[9]
Urticating organs of Cœlenterata,[346]
Water-Sports,[69], [70]

PART I.
THE
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE SEA.

[CHAPTER I.]
THE MAGNITUDE OF THE SEA.