[8]. See p. [67].

[9]. A detailed account of this eruption, one of the most dreadful on record, is given in ‘The Polar World,’ chap. vi. p. 81.

[10]. Mallet, ‘The Great Neapolitan Earthquake of 1857,’ vol. i. p. 323.

[11]. Philosophical Transactions, vol. xlix. part i. p. 404.

[12]. It is almost superfluous to mention that in the Alps many of the peasants lead a migratory existence. During the summer they ascend, with their herds, into the higher valleys, where they remain, separated from their families, until the first night-frosts force them to return to their homes on a lower level.

[13]. ‘The Geology of South Australia.’

[14]. ‘The Sea and its Living Wonders,’ 3rd edit. p. 49.

[15]. ‘The Sea and its Living Wonders,’ 3rd edit. p. 52.

[16]. ‘Description of the Island of Saint Michael.’

[17]. ‘The Polar World,’ p. 58.