* Veratrum viride.—The leaves of the common swamp hellebore (American white hellebore; false hellebore; Indian poke) of the eastern and northern portions of the United States have proved fatal to man and to horses. Sheep eat the young leaves and shoots with apparent relish. The seed is poisonous to chickens.
Zygadenus venenosus.—The name death camas has been applied to this plant in the North-West of America to distinguish it from the true camas (Quamasia quamash), which is highly esteemed for food by the Indians. In Oregon it is erroneously called “lobelia” by most stockmen and farmers. Horses, cattle, and sheep, as well as man, are poisoned by eating the bulb.
Zygadenus elegans.—The bulbs, and perhaps the leaves, of the Glaucous zygadenus, or alkali grass, are poisonous to cattle.
CONVALLARIACEÆ (LILY OF THE VALLEY FAMILY).
Convallaria majalis.—All parts of the lily of the valley are powerfully poisonous, and are liable to injure cattle and horses.
HÆMODORACEÆ (BLOODWORT FAMILY).
Gyrotheca capitata.—This is the red root, or paint root, of the Atlantic coast and Cuba, so called on account of the red colour of its sap. White hogs are supposed, throughout the Southern United States, to be particularly subject to the poison contained in the plant.
FAGACEÆ (BEECH FAMILY).
Quercus sp.—In Europe the acorns of various species of oak cause sickness and death in hogs and cattle. This effect may possibly be due to tympanites, but may also be due in some way to the tannin or the bitter principle which they contain.