If simple exploration is aimed at, the operation is most conveniently performed from the right flank with the animal in a standing position, but should a prolonged operation be contemplated the animal should be cast. The incision varies in length, according to circumstances, from 8 to 16 inches, and, like that in gastrotomy, should correspond in direction with the fibres of the small oblique abdominal muscle; the seat of operation should previously be washed, shaved, and disinfected.
The operation comprises the following stages:—
First stage. Incision of the skin.
Second stage. Incision through the muscles and peritoneum.
Third stage. Exploration, inspection, palpation, extraction or ablation, etc.
Fourth stage. Suture of the peritoneal opening, the lips being brought together face to face.
Fifth stage. Suture of the muscles and the skin. It is sometimes advisable to insert a drain of iodoform gauze under the skin.
In small animals, such as the sheep, goat, and pig, laparotomy is more easily practicable, and can be performed either in the right flank or towards the white line. The stages of operation are exactly the same, but after operating near the white line it is extremely important to use numerous and strong sutures, and afterwards to apply a suspensory bandage around the abdomen, securing it above the loins.
HERNIÆ.
The situation and nature of the hernia determine whether or not a radical cure should be attempted.