[48] In Russia the roofs of all Government buildings and of substantial houses are made of iron sheets painted dark red or bright green.

[49] These are always used instead of picks, as the ground here is sometimes frozen more than a yard deep.

[50] See Frontispiece.

[51] The heir-apparent, son of Ekaterina, afterwards ascended the throne as Pavel I.

[52] A hooded sledge, lined with furs, and with large fur curtains and panes of glass let in. It is used for long winter journeys.

[53] A school in St. Petersburg for the daughters of the nobility, endowed by Ekaterina II.

[54] That is, the high road from Kieff.