[44] Artificial love itself, with all the complexity of ideas which it is supposed must thence arise, is not, as one may think, the debauchery of civilisation; it belongs to animals akin to man as well as to man himself. See Ch. Robin and Béraud, Précis de la Physiologie de l’Homme, vol. ii, p. 384. It is the same with impure connection, or coupling, radically inexplicable by instinct. See Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Histoire Naturelle Générale des Règnes Organiques, vol. iii, p. 142.
[45] Doctor Yvan commanded the Archimedes; he has written an account of his voyage: Voyages et Récits, Brussels, 1853, 2 vols. in 12mo.
[46] “The Australians only wear woollen clothing in order to protect the chest; ... no idea of shame has ever led them to hide the natural parts.” Lesson et Garnot, Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 1827, vol. x.
[47] The orang observed by J. Grant also showed these signs of desperation; “he poured it (a saucer) angrily out on the floor, whined in a peculiar manner, and threw himself passionately on his back on the ground, striking his breast and paunch with his palms, and giving a kind of reiterated croak.”—“Account of the Structure of an Orang-Outang,” Edinburgh Journal of Science, vol. ix, p. 11. [The same demonstration of feeling was showed by the orangs in the Zoological Gardens, May 1864.—Editor.]
[48] [Tagal, a chief town of Java.—Editor.]
[49] Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, vol. ii, p. 582.
[50] Essai Philosophique sur l’âme des bêtes, 1728, p. 132.
[51] [Guenon, the Simia nasalis of Buffon.—Editor.]
[52] Plato, Leges, x, 1. See Maury, Religions, vol. iii, p. 4, note 2.
[53] After having said that the idea of good and evil (moralité) exists among all men, M. de Quatrefages adds, that “the notion of the Divinity and that of another life are also generally diffused” (Unité de l’Espèce Humaine, p. 23). We shall demonstrate further on (chap. v) that this statement is incorrect, and how fragile the bases are upon which M. de Quatrefages rests the fundamental characteristics which, according to him, distinguish the human kingdom.