Gules—red, represented in engraving by close vertical lines.
Or—gold or yellow, represented in engraving by dots on a white ground.
Ordinary—a common bearing bounded by straight lines.
Pale—a perpendicular stripe on the escutcheon.
Paleways, palewise, or paly—divided into equal parts by perpendicular lines.
Parti (party)—divided into parts.
Proper—of natural color or colors.
Quarters—the various smaller escutcheons within the larger escutcheon.
Sable—black, represented in engraving by a network of vertical and perpendicular lines.
Saltier—in the shape of a St. Andrew’s cross.