This handbook treats essential matters of grammar, diction, spelling, mechanics; and develops with thoroughness the principles of sentence structure. Larger units of composition it leaves to the texts in formal rhetoric.
The book is built on a decimal plan, the material being simplified and reduced to one hundred articles. Headings of these articles are summarized on two opposite pages by a [chart]. Here the student can see at a glance the resources of the volume, and the instructor can find immediately the number he wishes to write in the margin of a theme. The chart and the decimal scheme together make the rules accessible for instant reference.
By a device equally efficient, the book throws upon the student the responsibility of teaching himself. Each article begins with a concise rule, which is illustrated by examples; then follows a short "parallel exercise" which the instructor may assign by adding an x to the number he writes in the margin of a theme. While correcting this exercise, the student will give attention to the rule, and will acquire theory and practice at the same time. Moreover, every group of ten articles is followed by mixed exercises; these may be used for review, or imposed in the margin of a theme as a penalty for flagrant or repeated error. Thus friendly counsel is backed by discipline, and the instructor has the means of compelling the student to make rapid progress toward good English.
Although a handbook of this nature is in some ways arbitrary, the arbitrariness is always in the interest of simplicity. The book does have simplicity, permits instant reference, and provides an adequate drill which may be assigned at the stroke of a pen.
[TABLE OF CONTENTS]
- [SENTENCE STRUCTURE]
- [COMPLETENESS OF THOUGHT]
- [UNITY OF THOUGHT]
- 10. [Unrelated ideas in one sentence]
- 11. [Excessive detail]
- 12. [Stringy sentences to be broken up]
- 13. [Choppy sentences to be combined]
- 14. [Excessive coördination]
- 15. [Faulty subordination of the main thought]
- 16. [Subordination thwarted by and]
- 17. [The and which construction]
- 18. [The comma splice]
- 19. [Exercise]
- [CLEARNESS OF THOUGHT]
- [EMPHASIS]
- 40. [Emphasis by position]
- 41. [Emphasis by separation]
- 42. [Emphasis by subordination]
- 43. [The periodic sentence]
- 44. [Order of climax]
- 45. [The balanced sentence]
- 46. [Weak effect of the passive voice]
- 47. [Repetition effective]:
- a [Words];
- b [Structure]
- 48. [Repetition offensive]:
- a [Words];
- b [Structure]
- 49. [Exercise]
- [GRAMMAR]
- [DICTION]
- [SPELLING]
- [MISCELLANEOUS]
- 80. [Manuscript]:
- a [Titles];
- b [Spacing];
- c [Handwriting]
- 81. [Capitals]:
- 82. [Italics]:
- 83. [Abbreviations]:
- 84. [Numbers]:
- 85. [Syllabication]:
- 86. [Outlines]:
- 87. [Letters]:
- 88. [Paragraphs]:
- a [Indention];
- b [Length];
- c [Dialogue]
- 89. [Exercise]
- Capitals, numbers, abbreviations, etc.
- 80. [Manuscript]:
- [PUNCTUATION]
- 90. [The Period]:
- 91. [The Comma]:
- a [Between clauses joined by but, for, and];
- b [But not to splice clauses not joined by a conjunction];
- c [After a subordinate clause preceding a main clause];
- d [To set off non-restrictive clauses and phrases];
- e [To set off parenthetical elements];
- f [Between adjectives];
- g [Between words in a series];
- h [Before a quotation];
- i [To compel a pause for clearness];
- j [Superfluous uses]
- 92. [The Semicolon]:
- 93. [The Colon]:
- 94. [The Dash]:
- 95. [Parenthesis Marks]:
- 96. [Quotation Marks]:
- a [With quotations];
- b [With paragraphs];
- c [In dialogue];
- d [With slang, etc.];
- e [With words set apart];
- f [Quotation within a quotation];
- g [Together with other marks];
- h [Quotation interrupted by he said];
- i [Omission from a quotation];
- j [Unnecessary in the title of a theme, or as a label for humor or irony]
- 97. [The Apostrophe]:
- 98. [The Question Mark]:
- 99. [Exercise]
- 100. [General Exercise]
TO THE STUDENT
When a number is written in the margin of your theme, you are to turn to the article which corresponds to the number. Read the rule (printed in bold-face type), and study the examples. When an r follows the number on your theme, you are, in addition, to copy the rule. When an x follows the number, you are, besides acquainting yourself with the rule, to write the exercise of five sentences, to correct your own faulty sentence, and to hand in the six on theme paper. If the number ends in 9 ([9], [19], [29], etc.), you will find, not a rule, but a long exercise which you are to write and hand in on theme paper. In the absence of special instructions from your teacher, you are invariably to proceed as this paragraph requires.