Pichon, in 1853, described a small arc furnace with which he was experimenting, and in 1878 Sir William Siemens built a furnace for reducing iron ores. Moissan made numerous tests of furnaces and smelting methods in the nineties and did much to develop commercial electric smelting. Faure, Cowles, Borchers, De Chalmont, Girod, Heroult, and others invented furnaces, smelting methods, and metallurgical processes. The aluminum, carborundum, acetylene, and other important industries are developments from the electrometallurgy of iron and copper. Zinc, copper, nickel, silver, gold, and platinum plating and the electrodepositing of copper in the form of tubes by the Elmore process are dependent upon the principles of electrometallurgy as is the electrorefining of metals.
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