GIFTS FOR TUTANKHAMEN BROUGHT BY HUY, VICEROY OF ETHIOPIA. THE MAN IN THE GAY COSTUME, AT THE RIGHT, MAY BE A PHŒNICIAN. (EGYPTIAN PAINTING)
TUTANKHAMEN'S TOMB—BRINGING UP THE HATHOR COUCH. THE COW WAS SACRED TO ISIS OR HATHOR OF WHOM THE HORNS WITH THE MOON DISK WERE EMBLEMS
QUEEN NEFERTITI, MOTHER-IN-LAW OF TUTANKHAMEN
This wonderful work of an unknown Egyptian sculptor represents the wife of Ahknaton, the "heretic" king of Egypt (originally Amenhotep or Amenophis IV). The original is now in the Berlin Museum.
Chemists had long recognized the fact that certain chemicals like preparations of zinc, fluorine, and phosphorus were phosphorescent. It was found early in the eighties that Welsbach gas mantles, when placed on a photographic plate and exposed in a dark room for two weeks, made a fine picture. Invisible rays in the mantle imprint its image. Röntgen, in 1895, discovered what are now known as the X-rays. This discovery was the result of experiments begun in 1859 by Plucker to ascertain the cause of fluorescence in light glass, and Sir William Crookes, between 1879 and 1885, carried out beautiful experiments on fluorescence. These were the immediate pioneers of the discovery of the cathode rays and the other great radio discoveries of recent years. Crookes, remembering Faraday's suggestions concerning a fourth state of matter, expressed the opinion, in 1885, that the matter constituting cathode rays is neither solid, gaseous, or liquid, but in a fourth state which transcends the gaseous condition. Perren found in 1895 that the rays carried electrically negative charges and Sir J. J. Thomson noticed that their velocities are appreciably less than the speed of light. Owing, however, to their great momentum, hardly anything can long endure their impacts. They fuse platinum and make diamonds buckle up into coke.
Electrons, which constitute the cathode rays, were originally studied in Crookes vacuum tubes, though they are now found to pervade the universe.
Larmor in 1897 proposed an electronic theory of magnetism.