There are many exceptions to weather rules, and none can be laid down as invariable. The ever-changing currents of air, and varying moisture of the atmosphere, give rise to barometric changes, which should be carefully noted. A little experience and close observation for one year, with notes of signs, and indications of temperature, will assist any one to tell the probable change that is approaching.
There are a great number of signs of weather which are observable in the animal and even in the vegetable kingdom, as well as in the moon and stars. Many flowers close their petals before rain comes on, and the behaviour of domestic animals often foretells storm. Sheep huddling together in a corner tell us the direction from which the tempest is approaching; sea birds fly to shore, and land birds become restless.
The naturalist will observe the domestic animals which become uncomfortable and sniff the air; the cat lies with her head down, the brain lowest; and frequently washes her face, or scampers about aimlessly. Spiders disappear, and worms come up to seek the expected water. When fine weather is coming all nature appears glad, but leeches sink into the water as far as they can.
The above are some of the domestic and common signs of coming rain, and conversely for fine weather. A wailing wind, a cloudy mountain, a greenish rainbow or too red a one, a pale moon with indistinct points, or a halo round it, are all signs of rain and possibly wind. So the most superficial observer may with these few suggestions inform himself of the chances of fine or wet weather.
CHAPTER LI.
BIOLOGY. PART I. BOTANY.
PLANTS AND ANIMALS—STRUCTURE OF PLANTS—FLOWERING PLANTS—THE STEM—THE LEAVES—FORMS OF LEAVES.
Biology is derived from the Greek word Bios, “life,” and logein, “to speak,” and constitutes the science of Organic Life. This science is divided into two branches: Botany, relating to the life of plants; Zoology, to the animals.