Fig. 808.—Siliqua (shepherd’s purse, wallflower).
5. The siliqua or long pod is formed of two carpels, and longitudinally divided into two parts by a spurious dissepiment called the replum; examples—cabbages, stock, wallflower, etc. The silicula is a broad and short pod; examples—Iberis, shepherd’s-purse, etc.
6. The cariopse (caryopsis, having the appearance of a nut), is a monospermous or one-seeded fruit, with an indehiscent membranous pericarp, closely investing the seed or incorporated with it; examples—rye, wheat, and other grains.
Fig. 809.—Caryopsis (wheat).
7. The achænium is a dry, monospermous, indehiscent fruit with one seed; examples—cashew, ranunculus, strawberry, etc.
8. The nut or glans is a one-celled, indehiscent fruit, with a hardened coriaceous or ligneous pericarp; examples—hazel-nut, acorn, etc. The nucula, or little nut, is a cariopse, with a solid coriaceous pericarp; examples—buckwheat hemp, etc.
9. The berry (bacca) is a pulpy, succulent fruit, with soft rind; examples—the gooseberry and the currant. The pepo or peponida (pumpkin), illustrated by the fruit of the gourd and melon, and the hesperidium, illustrated by the fruit of the orange and lemon, are modifications of the berry.
10. The drupe (drupæ, unripe olives); the mesocarp is generally pulpy and succulent, the endocarp hard; examples—the cherry, the peach, the plum, etc.
11. The pome (pomum, or apple); the outer parts of the pericarp form a thick cellular, eatable mass; the endocarp (core) is scaly or horny, and encloses the seeds within separate cells; examples—the apple, pear, etc.