A further apology is due to the other contributors to this volume. Their contributions have been in type for many years, and owing to the inevitable delays indicated above they have been called upon to make old articles new, ever an ungrateful labour.
The appearance of this volume completes the work the Editors embarked on some sixteen years ago. It coincides with the cessation of an almost daily intercourse since the time when they “came up” to Cambridge as freshmen in 1880.
S. F. Harmer.
A. E. Shipley.
March 1909.
CONTENTS
| PAGE | |
|---|---|
| Scheme of the Classification adopted in this Volume | [xi] |
| CRUSTACEA | |
| CHAPTER I | |
| CRUSTACEA | |
| General Organisation | [3] |
| CHAPTER II | |
| CRUSTACEA (continued) | |
| Entomostraca—Branchiopoda—Phyllopoda—Cladocera—Water-fleas | [18] |
| CHAPTER III | |
| CRUSTACEA ENTOMOSTRACA (continued) | |
| Copepoda | [55] |
| CHAPTER IV | |
| CRUSTACEA ENTOMOSTRACA (continued) | |
| Cirripedia—Phenomena of Growth and Sex—Ostracoda | [79] |
| CHAPTER V | |
| CRUSTACEA (continued) | |
| Malacostraca: Leptostraca—Phyllocarida: Eumalacostraca: Syncarida—Anaspidacea: Peracarida—Mysidacea—Cumacea—Isopoda—Amphipoda: Hoplocarida—Stomatopoda | [110] |
| CHAPTER VI | |
| CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA (continued) | |
| Eumalacostraca (CONTINUED): Eucarida—Euphausiacea—Compound Eyes—Decapoda | [144] |
| CHAPTER VII | |
| CRUSTACEA (continued) | |
| Remarks on the Distribution of Marine and Fresh-water Crustacea | [197] |
| CHAPTER VIII | |
| CRUSTACEA (continued) | |
| Trilobita | [221] |
| ARACHNIDA | |
| CHAPTER IX | |
| Arachnida—Introduction | [255] |
| CHAPTER X | |
| ARACHNIDA (continued) | |
| Delobranchiata = Merostomata—Xiphosura | [259] |
| CHAPTER XI | |
| ARACHNIDA DELOBRANCHIATA (continued) | |
| Eurypterida = Gigantostraca | [283] |
| CHAPTER XII | |
| ARACHNIDA (continued) | |
| Embolobranchiata—Scorpionidea—Pedipalpi | [297] |
| CHAPTER XIII | |
| ARACHNIDA EMBOLOBRANCHIATA (continued) | |
| Araneae—External Structure—Internal Structure | [314] |
| CHAPTER XIV | |
| ARACHNIDA EMBOLOBRANCHIATA (continued) | |
| Araneae (CONTINUED)—Habits—Ecdysis—Treatment of Young—Migration—Webs—Nests—Egg-cocoons—Poison—Fertility—Enemies—Protective Coloration—Mimicry—Senses—Intelligence—Mating Habits—Fossil Spiders | [338] |
| CHAPTER XV | |
| ARACHNIDA EMBOLOBRANCHIATA (continued) | |
| Araneae (CONTINUED)—Classification | [384] |
| CHAPTER XVI | |
| ARACHNIDA EMBOLOBRANCHIATA (continued) | |
| Palpigradi—Solifugae = Solpugae—Chernetidea = Pseudoscorpiones | [422] |
| CHAPTER XVII | |
| ARACHNIDA EMBOLOBRANCHIATA (continued) | |
| Podogona = Ricinulei—Phalangidea = Opiliones—Habits—Structure—Classification | [439] |
| CHAPTER XVIII | |
| ARACHNIDA EMBOLOBRANCHIATA (continued) | |
| Acarina—Harvest-Bugs—Parasitic Mites—Ticks—Spinning Mites—Structure—Metamorphosis—Classification | [454] |
| CHAPTER XIX | |
| ARACHNIDA (APPENDIX I) | |
| Tardigrada—Occurrence—Ecdysis—Structure—Development—Affinities—Biology—Desiccation—Parasites—Systematic | [477] |
| CHAPTER XX | |
| ARACHNIDA (APPENDIX II) | |
| Pentastomida—Occurrence—Economic Importance—Structure—Development and Life-History—Systematic | [488] |
| PYCNOGONIDA | |
| CHAPTER XXI | |
| Pycnogonida | [501] |
| INDEX | [543] |
SCHEME OF THE CLASSIFICATION ADOPTED IN THIS VOLUME
The names of extinct groups are printed in italics.
| CRUSTACEA (p. [3]). | |||||
| ENTOMOSTRACA (p. [18]). | |||||
| Divisions. | Orders. | Sub-Orders. | Tribes. | Families. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Branchiopoda (p. [18]) | Phyllopoda (pp. [19], [35]) | Branchipodidae (pp. [19], [35]). | |||
| Apodidae (pp. [19], [36]). | |||||
| Limnadiidae (pp. [20], [36]). | |||||
| Cladocera (p. [37]) | Calyptomera (pp. [38], [51]) | Ctenopoda (p. [51]) | Sididae (p. [51]). | ||
| Holopediidae (p. [51]). | |||||
| Anomopoda (p. [51]) | Daphniidae (p. [51]). | ||||
| Bosminidae (p. [53]). | |||||
| Lyncodaphniidae (p. [53]). | |||||
| Lynceidae = Chydoridae (p. [53]). | |||||
| Gymnomera (pp. [38], [54]) | Polyphemidae (p. [54]). | ||||
| Leptodoridae (p. [54]). | |||||
| Divisions. | Orders. | Sub-Orders. | Tribes. | Families. | |
| Copepoda (p. [55]) | Eucopepoda (p. [57]) | Gymnoplea (p. [57]) | Amphascandria (p. [57]) | Calanidae (p. [57]). | |
| Heterarthrandria (p. [58]) | Centropagidae (p. [58]). | ||||
| Candacidae (p. [60]). | |||||
| Pontellidae (p. [60]). | |||||
| Podoplea (p. [61]) | Ampharthrandria (p. [61]) | Cyclopidae (pp. [61], [62]). | |||
| Harpacticidae (pp. [61], [62]). | |||||
| Peltiidae (p. [63]). | |||||
| Monstrillidae (p. [63]). | |||||
| Ascidicolidae (p. [66]). | |||||
| Asterocheridae (p. [67]). | |||||
| Dichelestiidae (p. [68]). | |||||
| Isokerandria (p. [69]) | Oncaeidae (p. [69]). | ||||
| Corycaeidae (p. [69]). | |||||
| Lichomolgidae (p. [70]). | |||||
| Ergasilidae (p. [71]). | |||||
| Bomolochidae (p. [71]). | |||||
| Chondracanthidae (p. [72]). | |||||
| Philichthyidae (p. [73]). | |||||
| Nereicolidae (p. [73]). | |||||
| Hersiliidae (p. [73]). | |||||
| Caligidae (p. [73]). | |||||
| Lernaeidae (p. [74]). | |||||
| Lernaeopodidae (p. [75]). | |||||
| Choniostomatidae (p. [76]). | |||||
| Branchiura (P. [76]) | Argulidae (p. [76]). | ||||
| Cirripedia (p. [79]) | Pedunculata (p. [84]) | Polyaspidae (p. [84]). | |||
| Pentaspidae (p. [87]). | |||||
| Tetraspidae (p. [88]). | |||||
| Anaspidae (p. [89]). | |||||
| Operculata (p. [89]) | Verrucidae (p. [91]). | ||||
| Octomeridae (p. [91]). | |||||
| Hexameridae (p. [91]). | |||||
| Tetrameridae (p. [92]). | |||||
| Acrothoracica (p. [92]). | |||||
| Ascothoracica (p. [93]). | |||||
| Apoda (p. [94]). | |||||
| Rhizocephala (p. [95]). | |||||
| Ostracoda (p. [107]) | Cypridae (p. [107]). | ||||
| Cytheridae (p. [107]). | |||||
| Halocypridae (p. [108]). | |||||
| Cypridinidae (p. [108]). | |||||
| Polycopidae (p. [109]). | |||||
| Cytherellidae (p. [109]). | |||||
| MALACOSTRACA (p. [110]). | |||||
| LEPTOSTRACA (p. [111]) | |||||
| Phyllocarida (p. [111]). | |||||
| Divisions. | Orders. | Sub-Orders. | Tribes | Families. | |
| EUMALACOSTRACA (p. [112]). | |||||
| Syncarida (p. [114]) | Anaspidacea (p. [115]) | Anaspididae (p. [115]). | |||
| Koonungidae (p. [117]). | |||||
| Peracarida (p. [118]) | Mysidacea (p. [118]) | Eucopiidae (p. [118]). | |||
| Lophogastridae (p. [119]). | |||||
| Mysidae (p. [119]). | |||||
| Cumacea (p. [120]) | Cumidae (p. [121]). | ||||
| Lampropidae (p. [121]). | |||||
| Leuconidae (p. [121]). | |||||
| Diastylidae (p. [121]). | |||||
| Pseudocumidae (p. [121]). | |||||
| Isopoda (p. [121]) | Chelifera (p. [122]) | Apseudidae (p. [122]). | |||
| Tanaidae (p. [122]). | |||||
| Flabellifera (p. [124]) | Anthuridae (p. [124]). | ||||
| Gnathiidae (p. [124]). | |||||
| Cymothoidae (p. [126]). | |||||
| Cirolanidae (p. [126]). | |||||
| Serolidae (p. [126]). | |||||
| Sphaeromidae (p. [126]). | |||||
| Valvifera (p. [127]) | Idotheidae (p. [127]). | ||||
| Arcturidae (p. [127]). | |||||
| Asellota (p. [127]) | Asellidae (p. [128]). | ||||
| Munnopsidae (p. [128]). | |||||
| Oniscoida (p. [128]). | |||||
| Epicarida (p. [129]) | Cryptoniscina (pp. [129], [130]) | Microniscidae (p. [130]). | |||
| Cryptoniscidae (p. [130]). | |||||
| Liriopsidae (p. [130]). | |||||
| Hemioniscidae (p. [130]). | |||||
| Cabiropsidae (p. [130]). | |||||
| Podasconidae (p. [130]). | |||||
| Asconiscidae (p. [130]). | |||||
| Bopyrina (pp. [129], [130], [132]) | Dajidae (p. [130]). | ||||
| Phryxidae (p. [130]). | |||||
| Bopyridae (pp. [130], [133]). | |||||
| Entoniscidae (pp. [130], [134]). | |||||
| Phreatoicidea (p. [136]) | Phreatoicidae (p. [136]) | ||||
| Amphipoda (p. [136]) | Crevettina (p. [137]) | Lysianassidae (p. [137]). | |||
| Haustoriidae (p. [137]). | |||||
| Gammaridae (p. [138]). | |||||
| Talitridae (p. [139]). | |||||
| Corophiidae (p. [139]). | |||||
| Laemodipoda (p. [139]) | Caprellidae (p. [139]). | ||||
| Cyamidae (p. [140]). | |||||
| Hyperina (p. [140]). | |||||
| Hoplocarida (p. [141]) | Stomatopoda (p. [141]) | Squillidae (p. [143]). | |||
| Eucarida (p. [144]) | Euphausiacea (p. [144]) | Euphausiidae (p. [144]). | |||
| Decapoda (p. [152]) | Macrura (p. [153]) | Nephropsidea (p. [154]) | Nephropsidae (p. [154]). | ||
| Astacidae (p. [157]). | |||||
| Parastacidae (p. [157]). | |||||
| Eryonidea (p. [157]) | Eryonidae (p. [158]). | ||||
| Peneidea (pp. [158], [162]) | Peneidae (p. [162]). | ||||
| Sergestidae (p. [162]). | |||||
| Stenopodidae (p. [162]). | |||||
| Caridea (pp. [158], [163]) | Pasiphaeidae (p. [163]). | ||||
| Acanthephyridae (p. [163]). | |||||
| Atyidae (p. [163]). | |||||
| Alpheidae (p. [163]). | |||||
| Psalidopodidae (p.164). | |||||
| Pandalidae (p. [164]). | |||||
| Hippolytidae (p. [164]). | |||||
| Palaemonidae (p. [164]). | |||||
| Glyphocrangonidae (p. [164]). | |||||
| Crangonidae (p. [164]). | |||||
| Loricata (p. [165]) | Palinuridae (p. [167]). | ||||
| Scyllaridae (p. [167]). | |||||
| Thalassinidea (p. [167]) | Callianassidae (p. [167]). | ||||
| Anomura (p. [167]) | Galatheidea (p. [168]) | Aegleidae (p. [169]). | |||
| Galatheidae (p. [169]). | |||||
| Porcellanidae (p. [170]). | |||||
| Hippidea (p. [170]) | Albuneidae (p. [171]). | ||||
| Hippidae (p. [171]). | |||||
| Paguridea (p. [171]) | Pylochelidae (p. [180]). | ||||
| Paguridae (p. [180]). | |||||
| Eupagurinae (p. [180]). | |||||
| Pagurinae (p. [180]). | |||||
| Coenobitidae (p. [181]). | |||||
| Lithodidae (p. [181]). | |||||
| Hapalogastorinae (p. [181]). | |||||
| Lithodinae (p. [181]). | |||||
| Brachyura (p. [181]) | Dromiacea (p. [183]) | Dromiidae (p. [184]). | |||
| Dynomenidae (p. [184]). | |||||
| Homolidae (p. [184]). | |||||
| Oxystomata (p. [185]) | Calappidae (p. [187]). | ||||
| Leucosiidae (p. [188]). | |||||
| Dorippidae (p. [188]). | |||||
| Raninidae (p. [188]). | |||||
| Cyclometopa (p. [188]) | Corystidae (p. [190]). | ||||
| Atelecyclidae (p. [190]). | |||||
| Cancridae (p. [191]). | |||||
| Portunidae (p. [191]). | |||||
| Xanthidae (p. [191]). | |||||
| Thelphusidae = Potamonidae (p. [191]). | |||||
| Oxyrhyncha (p. [191]) | Maiidae (p. [193]). | ||||
| Parthenopidae (p. [193]). | |||||
| Hymenosomatidae (p. [193]). | |||||
| Catometopa (p. [193]) | Carcinoplacidae (p. [195]). | ||||
| Gonoplacidae (p. [195]). | |||||
| Pinnotheridae (p. [195]). | |||||
| Grapsidae (p. [196]). | |||||
| Gecarcinidae (p. [196]). | |||||
| Ocypodidae (p. [196]). | |||||