During my journey I made use of three aneroids, all of which I brought back safe to Europe; they were subsequently most carefully tested under various conditions of temperature and pressure by Dr. Wilhelm Schur, who undertook to estimate and reduce to standard measure the various observations I had made. I here append only the final results of his investigations, but for more complete details I would refer to the Journal of the Geographical Society of Berlin (vol. viii., p. 228), where he has described at length his method for ascertaining the proper corrections of my registries, after allowing for the variations from the mean condition of the barometer.
I very rarely failed three times in the course of a day to note the readings of the aneroids, but these numerous observations were only entered in my diary, and consequently perished with the rest of my papers in the conflagration of the 2nd of December, 1870; only those observations, therefore, that were made subsequently to that ill-fated-day, and a few others that were sent home promiscuously in my correspondence, were available for Dr. Schur’s deductions.
But altogether the following figures will suffice to give very approximately a true conception of the heights of the regions that I visited, and it may be of some interest to compare the results with those obtained during the geometrical survey that is requisite for the formation of the proposed railway between Suakin and Berber.[98]
In the approximate heights given below, Dr. Schur has reckoned 25 meters as being equivalent to about 82 English feet.
| A.—Points between the Red Sea and the Nile on the Road from Suakin to Berber. | |||
| Height above the sea. | |||
| Meters. | Eng. ft. | ||
| 1 | Three hours W. of Suakin. | 212·1 | 695 |
| 2 | Tamarisk wood, 7½ hours W. of Suakin. | 544·2 | 1785 |
| 3 | Wady Teekhe, 11½ hours W. of Suakin. | 618·9 | 2030 |
| 4 | First Attaba (pass), 13 hours W. of Suakin. | 924·5 | 3033 |
| 5 | At the pools in the valley between the two Attabas. | 913·5 | 2996 |
| 6 | Second Attaba, highest pass. | 1041·7 | 3415 |
| 7 | Upper Wady Gabet, below the Attaba. | 925·8 | 3037 |
| 8 | Singat, summer camp in the great Valley of Okwak. | 941·3 | 3088 |
| 9 | Wady Sarroweeb, 4 hours E.S.E. of Singat. | 1037·7 | 3404 |
| 10 | Wady Harrassa in Erkoweet, 8 hours E.S.E. of Singat, near the summer camp. | 1137·8 | 3732 |
| 11 | At the base of the high hill of Erkoweet, on the N. side. | 1250·2 | 4101 |
| 12 | Summit of the hill of Erkoweet. | 1676·1 | 5499 |
| 13 | 2 hours W. of Singat, 1 hour from O-Mareg, E. of the small pass. | 1007·3 | 3304 |
| 14 | 3½ hours W. of Singat, W. of the small pass. | 1072·5 | 3518 |
| 15 | O-Mareg, summer camp in the valley. | 971·7 | 3188 |
| 16 | Small Wady, 3 hours W. of the Mareg, in front of the pass. | 949·5 | 3115 |
| 17 | Near the wells in Wady Amet. | 810·1 | 2658 |
| 18 | On the S. slope of the W. end of the mountain O-Kurr, 5 hours W. of the wells of Amet. | 803·3 | 2635 |
| 19 | Small Wady, an hour W. of Wady Arab. | 739·9 | 2427 |
| 20 | Grassy Wady W. of Wady Arab, an hour from the great khor-bed. | 762·5 | 2501 |
| 21 | Near the wells in Wady Kamot-Atai. | 735·3 | 2412 |
| 22 | Wady 4 hours E. of Wady Habob. | 705·6 | 2314 |
| 23 | Wady Dimehadeet. | 717·5 | 2354 |
| 24 | Wady Habob, eastern arm. | 741·0 | 2431 |
| 25 | Wady Habob, western arm. | 600·2 | 1969 |
| 26 | Wady Kokreb, camping-place, 1871. | 694·5 | 2278 |
| 27 | Wady Kokreb, camping-place S. of last. | 597·6 | 1960 |
| 28 | Great Wady, an hour W. of Wady Kokreb. | 657·0 | 2155 |
| 29 | 5½ hours W. of small isolated hill near Wady Derumkad (Upper Wady Yumga). | 650·0 | 2132 |
| 30 | Wady Yumga. | 587·6 | 1927 |
| 31 | Wady Derumkad. | 581·4 | 1907 |
| 32 | Small isolated hill, an hour W. of Wady Derumkad. | 578·0 | 1896 |
| 33 | Valley near the acacias S. of the wells of Roway. | 590·2 | 1936 |
| 34 | Below the small pass above the Wady Laemeb. | 580·1 | 1903 |
| 35 | End of rising ground in the upper Wady Laemeb. | 532·8 | 1748 |
| 36 | In the middle of Wady Laemeb. | 574·6 | 1885 |
| 37 | In the middle of Wady Laemeb. | 513·9 | 1686 |
| 38 | In the lower Wady Laemeb, 2 hours E. of O-Feek. | 458·8 | 1505 |
| 39 | Wady at the foot of the hill O-Feek, southern side. | 498·6 | 1635 |
| 40 | 2 hours E. of the bush-forest at O-Baek. | 508·2 | 1667 |
| 41 | O-Baek, bush-forest near the wells. | 476·3 | 1562 |
| 42 | Rain-pool, 2 hours W. of O-Baek. | 459·0 | 1506 |
| 43 | 5½ hours W. of O-Baek. | 438·8 | 1439 |
| 44 | Wady Eremit, camping place in 1871. | 464·4 | 1523 |
| 45 | Wady Eremit, camping place in 1868. | 446·0 | 1463 |
| 46 | Depression in Wady Aboo Kolod. | 399·8 | 1311 |
| 47 | Wady Darrowreeb or Derreeb. | 414·0 | 1359 |
| 48 | Wady Aboo Zelem. | 452·2 | 1483 |
| 49 | Pools of Aboo Tagger, 2½ hours E. of Berber (el Mekherif). | 403·6 | 1324 |
| 50 | Town of Berber (el Mekherif) 30 feet above the highest level of the Nile. | 417·0 | 1368 |
| B.—Points on the Nile between Lat. 9° and 18° N. | |||
| Height above the sea. | |||
| Meters. | Eng. ft. | ||
| 1 | Above Wolled Bassal (from the boat). | 399·7 | 1319 |
| 2 | Town of Matamma (from the boat). | 404·4 | 1326 |
| 3 | Town of Shendy (from the boat). | 408·8 | 1341 |
| 4 | Town of Khartoom, 20 feet above the highest level of the Blue Nile. | 407·2 | 1336 |
| 5 | Meshera, on the island on the Kyt, the extremity of the Bahr-el-Ghazal. | 442·7 | 1452 |
| C.—Points in the Bahr-el-Ghazal District. | |||
| Height above the sea. | |||
| Meters. | Eng. ft. | ||
| 1 | Ghattas’s chief Seriba in Dyoor-land. | 471·2 | 1545 |
| 2 | Kurshook Ali’s chief Seriba on the Dyoor. | 542·1 | 1778 |
| 3 | Agahd’s small Seriba Dubor, in Bongoland. | 565·5 | 1854 |
| 4 | Aboo Guroon’s small Seriba Danga in Bongoland. | 543·7 | 1783 |
| 5 | Bizelly’s small Seriba Doggaya-mor in Bongoland. | 554·5 | 1818 |
| 6 | Idrees Wod Defter’s Seriba in the Golo district. | 703·6 | 2306 |
| 7 | Seebehr Rahama’s chief Seriba in the Kredy district. | 696·0 | 2282 |
| 8 | Dehm Gudyoo, Agahd’s Seriba. | 846·3 | 2775 |
| 9 | On the brook Gulanda between Dehm Gudyoo and Dehm Bekeer. | 729·1 | 2391 |
| 10 | Dehm Bekeer, Kurshook Ali’s Seriba. | 771·0 | 2528 |
| 11 | Dehm Adlan, Seebehr Adlan’s Seriba the Sehre district. | 747·1 | 2450 |
| 12 | Agahd’s small Seriba Ngulfala, in Bongoland. | 581·0 | 1905 |
| 13 | Agahd’s small Seriba Moody, in Bongoland. | 575·0 | 1886 |
| 14 | Take’s residence in the Dinka country. | 426·5 | 1399 |
| D.—Point beyond the Nile District. | |||
| Height above the sea. | |||
| Meters. | Eng. ft. | ||
| 1 | Munza’s residence in Monbuttoo-land, Aboo Sammat’s Seriba. | 825·4 | 2707 |
FOOTNOTES:
[98] The position of this district with regard to the points of the compass may be seen in the map of the road from Suakin to Berber, which I published in vol. XV. of Petermann’s ‘Geographical Communications,’ Table 15. 1869.
APPENDIX II.
EIGHT ITINERARIES IN ILLUSTRATION OF THE DISTRICTS TO THE SOUTH AND WEST OF MY ROUTE.