[296] The city, restored under the heathen name of Ælia Capitolina by the Emperor Hadrian in 135 A. D., made Christian by Constantine in 325, sacked by the Persian Chosroes in 614, taken by the Arabs in 636, captured after many vicissitudes in 1072 by the Seljuk Turks, made by the First Crusade the seat of the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem from 1099 to 1187, when Saladin took it, was once more after many other vicissitudes captured by the Ottoman Turks in 1517.
[297] Historia Naturalis, V, xviii, 74.
[298] Josephus, Wars of the Jews, I, vii, 7.
[299] See Chapter V, [p. 111].
[300] See Schürer, Geschichte des Jüdischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi, Leipzig, 1907, II, 172, and note 321.
[301] See Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, XII, iv, 5.
[302] See Barton, A Year’s Wandering in Bible Lands, Philadelphia, 1904, p. 176.
[303] See Neubauer, Géographie du Talmud, Paris, 1868, 238-240.
[304] Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, XII, viii, 4.
[305] Brünnow and Domaszewski, Provincia Arabia, III, 107-144, and [Fig. 267].