On the breeding habits and development of this fish, cf. J. A. Ryder, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. vi. 1886, p. 4, and Proc. Acad. Philad. 1890, p. 407.
Cf. Günther, Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. 1869, p. 437.
Cf. C. W. Greene, Journ. of Morphol. xv. 1899, p. 667.
It is in fact, in some cases, difficult to decide whether a genus should be referred to the Gadidae or to the Zoarcidae.
Cf. Poey, Mem. Cuba, ii. p. 96 (1860).